{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4318820268","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers12020031","title":"Applying Web Augmented Reality to Unexplosive Ordnance Risk Education","display_name":"Applying Web Augmented Reality to Unexplosive Ordnance Risk Education","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4318820268","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers12020031"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/computers12020031","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers12020031","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/12/2/31/pdf?version=1675390598","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228075","display_name":"Computers","issn_l":"2073-431X","issn":["2073-431X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/12/2/31/pdf?version=1675390598","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062703211","display_name":"Harith A. Hussein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8323-0172"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72539421","display_name":"University of Tikrit","ror":"https://ror.org/01zfzax10","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72539421"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Harith A. Hussein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Mathematics, Tikrit University, Tikrit 34001, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8323-0172","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Mathematics, Tikrit University, Tikrit 34001, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72539421"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063719889","display_name":"Qabas A. Hameed","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72539421","display_name":"University of Tikrit","ror":"https://ror.org/01zfzax10","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72539421"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qabas A. Hameed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Mathematics, Tikrit University, Tikrit 34001, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3326-1181","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Mathematics, Tikrit University, Tikrit 34001, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72539421"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052538329","display_name":"Reem D. Ismael","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1392-2202"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72539421","display_name":"University of Tikrit","ror":"https://ror.org/01zfzax10","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72539421"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reem D. Ismael","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer and Informatics Centre, Tikrit University, Tikrit 34001, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1392-2202","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer and Informatics Centre, Tikrit University, Tikrit 34001, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72539421"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080819937","display_name":"Mustafa Zuhaer Nayef Al-Dabagh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8938-5258"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405259774","display_name":"Knowledge University","ror":"https://ror.org/02pk91c23","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405259774"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mustafa Zuhaer Nayef Al-Dabagh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, College of Science, Knowledge University, Kirkuk Road, Erbil 44001, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, College of Science, Knowledge University, Kirkuk Road, Erbil 44001, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405259774"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022939231","display_name":"Moudher Khalid Abdalhammed","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72539421","display_name":"University of Tikrit","ror":"https://ror.org/01zfzax10","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72539421"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moudher Khalid Abdalhammed","raw_affiliation_strings":["General Management Department, College of Administration and Economics, Tikrit University, Tikrit 34001, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"General Management Department, College of Administration and Economics, Tikrit University, Tikrit 34001, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72539421"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062703211"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72539421"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"fwci":0.1976,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.50117511,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"2","first_page":"31","last_page":"31"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14222","display_name":"Knowledge Management and Technology","score":0.868399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14222","display_name":"Knowledge Management and Technology","score":0.868399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10888","display_name":"Augmented Reality Applications","score":0.8363000154495239,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13693","display_name":"Smart Systems and Machine Learning","score":0.8224999904632568,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unexploded-ordnance","display_name":"Unexploded ordnance","score":0.5546264052391052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.5516366958618164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hazard","display_name":"Hazard","score":0.49428772926330566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/javascript","display_name":"JavaScript","score":0.4820038378238678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics","display_name":"Graphics","score":0.47430419921875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.47021058201789856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-application","display_name":"Web application","score":0.4479859173297882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/augmented-reality","display_name":"Augmented reality","score":0.43131211400032043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3412182033061981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.3347986340522766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.23482930660247803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.20599117875099182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.10897678136825562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.09832990169525146}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775977338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2302880","display_name":"Unexploded ordnance","level":2,"score":0.5546264052391052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.5516366958618164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49261128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132455","display_name":"Hazard","level":2,"score":0.49428772926330566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544833334","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2005","display_name":"JavaScript","level":2,"score":0.4820038378238678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21442007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027879","display_name":"Graphics","level":2,"score":0.47430419921875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47021058201789856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118643609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189210","display_name":"Web application","level":2,"score":0.4479859173297882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153715457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254183","display_name":"Augmented reality","level":2,"score":0.43131211400032043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3412182033061981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.3347986340522766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.23482930660247803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.20599117875099182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.10897678136825562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.09832990169525146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/computers12020031","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers12020031","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/12/2/31/pdf?version=1675390598","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228075","display_name":"Computers","issn_l":"2073-431X","issn":["2073-431X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5a94e74c19b1473184a2c66c8f8c2907","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5a94e74c19b1473184a2c66c8f8c2907","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computers, Vol 12, Iss 2, p 31 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/computers12020031","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers12020031","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/12/2/31/pdf?version=1675390598","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228075","display_name":"Computers","issn_l":"2073-431X","issn":["2073-431X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4318820268.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2079688707","https://openalex.org/W2164448990","https://openalex.org/W2414295871","https://openalex.org/W2592808546","https://openalex.org/W2616371271","https://openalex.org/W2914326395","https://openalex.org/W2917936273","https://openalex.org/W2951844839","https://openalex.org/W3004497459","https://openalex.org/W3045238844","https://openalex.org/W3083962225","https://openalex.org/W3164817610","https://openalex.org/W4213270100","https://openalex.org/W4281718215","https://openalex.org/W4281770662","https://openalex.org/W4294794110","https://openalex.org/W6764659822","https://openalex.org/W6773627462","https://openalex.org/W6783001934","https://openalex.org/W7064089833"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2371818658","https://openalex.org/W2795601048","https://openalex.org/W2403324299","https://openalex.org/W2621177934","https://openalex.org/W4286287737","https://openalex.org/W1844100222","https://openalex.org/W3009852816","https://openalex.org/W2513223212","https://openalex.org/W2169602156","https://openalex.org/W42576273"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Unexploded":[0],"Ordnances":[1],"(UXOs)":[2],"are":[3,24,88,121,153],"considered":[4],"a":[5,9,38,67],"global":[6],"concern":[7],"and":[8,19,26,54,90,117,125,141,155,208,212],"persistent":[10],"hazard":[11],"due":[12],"to":[13,16,65,73,127,130,136,157],"their":[14],"capability":[15],"endanger":[17],"civilians":[18],"the":[20,27,75,93,100,112,168,186,204],"place":[21],"where":[22],"they":[23],"located,":[25],"probability":[28],"of":[29,36,61,77,183],"remaining":[30],"active":[31],"explosives":[32],"even":[33],"after":[34],"decades":[35],"ending":[37],"conflict.":[39],"Hence,":[40],"risk":[41,82,198,218],"education":[42,199,219],"is":[43,64,105],"crucial":[44],"for":[45,188],"providing":[46],"individuals":[47],"with":[48,203],"life-saving":[49],"knowledge":[50,211],"on":[51,79,123],"recognizing,":[52],"avoiding,":[53],"reporting":[55],"UXO":[56,85,118,178],"threats.":[57],"The":[58,163],"main":[59],"objective":[60],"this":[62,215],"study":[63,165],"develop":[66],"web":[68,102,113,170],"augmented":[69],"reality":[70],"(AR)":[71],"application":[72,104,114,172],"investigate":[74],"effect":[76],"WAR":[78],"non-explosive":[80],"ordnance":[81],"education.":[83],"Firstly,":[84],"3D":[86,95],"models":[87],"edited":[89],"constructed":[91],"using":[92,107],"Blender":[94],"computer":[96],"graphics":[97],"software.":[98],"Secondly,":[99],"proposed":[101,169],"AR":[103,171],"developed":[106],"MindAR":[108],"JavaScript-based":[109],"library.":[110],"Finally,":[111],"QR":[115],"code":[116],"Hiro":[119],"codes":[120],"printed":[122],"infographics":[124],"brochures":[126],"be":[128,158],"distributed":[129,156],"secondary":[131],"school":[132],"students":[133],"aged":[134],"12":[135],"18":[137],"at":[138],"six":[139],"public":[140],"private":[142],"schools":[143],"in":[144,176,201,214],"Tikrit":[145],"City,":[146],"Salah":[147],"al-Din":[148],"governorate,":[149],"Iraq.":[150],"Survey":[151],"questions":[152],"validated":[154],"collected":[159],"from":[160],"137":[161],"respondents.":[162],"present":[164],"shows":[166],"that":[167],"increased":[173],"respondents\u2019":[174],"information":[175],"identifying":[177],"by":[179],"54.7%.":[180],"Approximately":[181],"70%":[182],"respondents":[184],"use":[185,196],"Internet":[187],"more":[189],"than":[190],"3":[191],"h":[192],"daily.":[193],"Institutions":[194],"should":[195],"new":[197],"methods":[200,221],"line":[202],"tremendous":[205],"technological":[206],"growth":[207],"invest":[209],"students\u2019":[210],"time":[213],"field.":[216],"Better":[217],"teaching":[220],"can":[222],"save":[223],"lives.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}