{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4283383380","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers11070102","title":"Meta Deep Learn Leaf Disease Identification Model for Cotton Crop","display_name":"Meta Deep Learn Leaf Disease Identification Model for Cotton Crop","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4283383380","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers11070102"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/computers11070102","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers11070102","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/11/7/102/pdf?version=1655892910","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228075","display_name":"Computers","issn_l":"2073-431X","issn":["2073-431X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/11/7/102/pdf?version=1655892910","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013177045","display_name":"Muhammad Suleman Memon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0418-0681"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65146876","display_name":"Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01t34b131","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65146876"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Suleman Memon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Systems Engineering, Quaid-e-Awam, University of Engineering, Science & Technology, Nawabshah 6748, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0418-0681","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Systems Engineering, Quaid-e-Awam, University of Engineering, Science & Technology, Nawabshah 6748, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65146876"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015577615","display_name":"Pardeep Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8624-9020"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65146876","display_name":"Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01t34b131","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65146876"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pardeep Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Software Engineering, Quaid-e-Awam, University of Engineering, Science & Technology, Nawabshah 6748, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8624-9020","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software Engineering, Quaid-e-Awam, University of Engineering, Science & Technology, Nawabshah 6748, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65146876"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011304615","display_name":"Rizwan Iqbal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1468-8128"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59225215","display_name":"Bahria University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v8d7770","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59225215"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rizwan Iqbal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Bahria University, Karachi Campus, Karachi 75260, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1468-8128","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Bahria University, Karachi Campus, Karachi 75260, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59225215"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013177045"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65146876"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":18.2663,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":96,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99458085,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"7","first_page":"102","last_page":"102"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9624999761581421,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14365","display_name":"Leaf Properties and Growth Measurement","score":0.9510999917984009,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leaf-curl","display_name":"Leaf curl","score":0.6963258385658264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.6283316612243652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/powdery-mildew","display_name":"Powdery mildew","score":0.6109989881515503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.6019836664199829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blight","display_name":"Blight","score":0.5506703853607178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5361120104789734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crop","display_name":"Crop","score":0.48882028460502625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leaf-spot","display_name":"Leaf spot","score":0.4864058792591095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.44806328415870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cash-crop","display_name":"Cash crop","score":0.4346710443496704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agriculture","display_name":"Agriculture","score":0.39945217967033386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agronomy","display_name":"Agronomy","score":0.37407296895980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3324720859527588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.29202258586883545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/botany","display_name":"Botany","score":0.19815176725387573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plant-virus","display_name":"Plant virus","score":0.07367882132530212}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778053290","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428432","display_name":"Leaf curl","level":4,"score":0.6963258385658264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.6283316612243652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779336322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q934008","display_name":"Powdery mildew","level":2,"score":0.6109989881515503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6019836664199829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182076605","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4273292","display_name":"Blight","level":2,"score":0.5506703853607178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5361120104789734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137580998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235352","display_name":"Crop","level":2,"score":0.48882028460502625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780034373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6508875","display_name":"Leaf spot","level":2,"score":0.4864058792591095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.44806328415870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129225989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932139","display_name":"Cash crop","level":3,"score":0.4346710443496704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.39945217967033386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.37407296895980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3324720859527588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.29202258586883545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.19815176725387573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109110057","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1495434","display_name":"Plant virus","level":3,"score":0.07367882132530212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522874641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q808","display_name":"Virus","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/computers11070102","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers11070102","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/11/7/102/pdf?version=1655892910","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228075","display_name":"Computers","issn_l":"2073-431X","issn":["2073-431X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ee671ddea0124d75a294cb05ca157fd9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ee671ddea0124d75a294cb05ca157fd9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computers, Vol 11, Iss 7, p 102 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/computers11070102","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers11070102","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/11/7/102/pdf?version=1655892910","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228075","display_name":"Computers","issn_l":"2073-431X","issn":["2073-431X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.7300000190734863,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4283383380.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1988804484","https://openalex.org/W1990898621","https://openalex.org/W2014795214","https://openalex.org/W2283642830","https://openalex.org/W2338660585","https://openalex.org/W2339460098","https://openalex.org/W2470803522","https://openalex.org/W2473156356","https://openalex.org/W2474421929","https://openalex.org/W2548258044","https://openalex.org/W2564341002","https://openalex.org/W2574337420","https://openalex.org/W2584792494","https://openalex.org/W2733343268","https://openalex.org/W2750506686","https://openalex.org/W2790875963","https://openalex.org/W2809523330","https://openalex.org/W2810392541","https://openalex.org/W2885770726","https://openalex.org/W2886590014","https://openalex.org/W2886809164","https://openalex.org/W2891667148","https://openalex.org/W2892167904","https://openalex.org/W2897228234","https://openalex.org/W2900542319","https://openalex.org/W2901380936","https://openalex.org/W2912398505","https://openalex.org/W2914201981","https://openalex.org/W2940118123","https://openalex.org/W3004977026","https://openalex.org/W3012657291","https://openalex.org/W3015562698","https://openalex.org/W3033864984","https://openalex.org/W3036111160","https://openalex.org/W3092128289","https://openalex.org/W3093991637","https://openalex.org/W3132328762","https://openalex.org/W3141968773","https://openalex.org/W3195569425","https://openalex.org/W4226546757","https://openalex.org/W6703433933","https://openalex.org/W6729657291"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2387681956","https://openalex.org/W1586695295","https://openalex.org/W3210714768","https://openalex.org/W2372231533","https://openalex.org/W3006778061","https://openalex.org/W2370115899","https://openalex.org/W3188910987","https://openalex.org/W2358755700","https://openalex.org/W2139002052","https://openalex.org/W4387521006"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Agriculture":[0],"is":[1,20,48,70,96],"essential":[2],"to":[3,50,98,173],"the":[4,16,25,37,79,111,129,134,137,156,185],"growth":[5],"of":[6,24,81,121,128,136,191],"every":[7],"country.":[8],"Cotton":[9,19,47,186],"and":[10,123,152,171,178],"other":[11],"major":[12],"crops":[13],"fall":[14],"into":[15],"cash":[17],"crops.":[18],"affected":[21],"by":[22],"most":[23],"diseases":[26,33,103],"that":[27],"cause":[28],"significant":[29],"crop":[30,43],"damage.":[31,46],"Many":[32],"affect":[34],"yield":[35],"through":[36],"leaf.":[38],"Detecting":[39],"disease":[40,68,83,161],"early":[41],"saves":[42],"from":[44,110],"further":[45],"susceptible":[49],"several":[51,100],"diseases,":[52],"including":[53],"leaf":[54,64,102,108,160],"spot,":[55,57],"target":[56],"bacterial":[58],"blight,":[59],"nutrient":[60],"deficiency,":[61],"powdery":[62],"mildew,":[63],"curl,":[65],"etc.":[66],"Accurate":[67],"identification":[69,80,162],"important":[71,86],"for":[72,113],"taking":[73],"effective":[74],"measures.":[75],"Deep":[76,94],"learning":[77,166],"in":[78],"plant":[82],"plays":[84],"an":[85,189],"role.":[87],"The":[88,116,126,141,180],"proposed":[89,154,170,181],"model":[90,182],"based":[91],"on":[92,145],"meta":[93,157,165],"Learning":[95],"used":[97],"identify":[99],"cotton":[101,107],"accurately.":[104],"We":[105],"gathered":[106],"images":[109,120],"field":[112],"this":[114],"study.":[115],"dataset":[117,130,142],"contains":[118],"2385":[119],"healthy":[122],"diseased":[124],"leaves.":[125],"size":[127],"was":[131,143],"increased":[132],"with":[133,188],"help":[135],"data":[138],"augmentation":[139],"approach.":[140],"trained":[144],"Custom":[146],"CNN,":[147],"VGG16":[148],"Transfer":[149],"Learning,":[150],"ResNet50,":[151],"our":[153],"model:":[155],"deep":[158],"learn":[159],"model.":[163],"A":[164],"technique":[167],"has":[168,183],"been":[169],"implemented":[172],"provide":[174],"a":[175],"good":[176],"accuracy":[177,190],"generalization.":[179],"outperformed":[184],"Dataset":[187],"98.53%.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-06-06T09:05:17.133730","created_date":"2022-06-25T00:00:00"}