{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4280501525","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers11050081","title":"Energy Efficiency of IoT Networks for Environmental Parameters of Bulgarian Cities","display_name":"Energy Efficiency of IoT Networks for Environmental Parameters of Bulgarian Cities","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4280501525","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers11050081"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/computers11050081","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers11050081","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/11/5/81/pdf?version=1652772791","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228075","display_name":"Computers","issn_l":"2073-431X","issn":["2073-431X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/11/5/81/pdf?version=1652772791","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056717620","display_name":"Zlatin Zlatev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3080-5048"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173112312","display_name":"Trakia University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p2cym91","country_code":"BG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173112312"]}],"countries":["BG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zlatin Zlatev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Technics and Technologies, Trakia University, 38 Graf Ignatiev Str., Yambol, 8602 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3080-5048","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Technics and Technologies, Trakia University, 38 Graf Ignatiev Str., Yambol, 8602 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173112312"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070567380","display_name":"Tsvetelina Georgieva","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43986944","display_name":"Angel Kanchev University of Ruse","ror":"https://ror.org/01g09ef73","country_code":"BG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43986944"]}],"countries":["BG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tsvetelina Georgieva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automatics and Mechatronics, Ruse University, \u201cAngel Kanchev\u201d Ruse 8 Studentska Str., 7017 Ruse, Bulgaria","Department of Automatics and Mechatronics, Ruse University, \"Angel Kanchev\" Ruse 8 Studentska Str., 7017 Ruse, Bulgaria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automatics and Mechatronics, Ruse University, \u201cAngel Kanchev\u201d Ruse 8 Studentska Str., 7017 Ruse, Bulgaria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43986944"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automatics and Mechatronics, Ruse University, \"Angel Kanchev\" Ruse 8 Studentska Str., 7017 Ruse, Bulgaria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43986944"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026592867","display_name":"Apostol Todorov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4568-4894"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173112312","display_name":"Trakia University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p2cym91","country_code":"BG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173112312"]}],"countries":["BG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Apostol Todorov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Technics and Technologies, Trakia University, 38 Graf Ignatiev Str., Yambol, 8602 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4568-4894","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Technics and Technologies, Trakia University, 38 Graf Ignatiev Str., Yambol, 8602 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173112312"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045781139","display_name":"Vanya Stoykova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0940-3618"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173112312","display_name":"Trakia University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p2cym91","country_code":"BG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173112312"]}],"countries":["BG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vanya Stoykova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Technics and Technologies, Trakia University, 38 Graf Ignatiev Str., Yambol, 8602 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Technics and Technologies, Trakia University, 38 Graf Ignatiev Str., Yambol, 8602 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173112312"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056717620"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173112312"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":0.8312,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70613108,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"5","first_page":"81","last_page":"81"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12222","display_name":"IoT-based Smart Home Systems","score":0.9843999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.7695440053939819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6525731682777405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.6514163613319397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.578757643699646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.5540659427642822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.553997814655304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bulgarian","display_name":"Bulgarian","score":0.5032379031181335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4951123297214508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.47884345054626465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.4719354808330536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.4312428832054138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.4200848937034607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.23854398727416992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16258779168128967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.12304338812828064}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.7695440053939819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6525731682777405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.6514163613319397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.578757643699646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.5540659427642822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.553997814655304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780343019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918","display_name":"Bulgarian","level":2,"score":0.5032379031181335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4951123297214508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.47884345054626465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.4719354808330536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.4312428832054138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4200848937034607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.23854398727416992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16258779168128967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.12304338812828064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/computers11050081","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers11050081","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/11/5/81/pdf?version=1652772791","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228075","display_name":"Computers","issn_l":"2073-431X","issn":["2073-431X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:bpos.bg:63239","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12641/63239","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055231","display_name":"Bulgarian Portal for Open Science","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:92ed5a65349a4f1db6265f515845713f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/92ed5a65349a4f1db6265f515845713f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computers, Vol 11, Iss 5, p 81 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/computers11050081","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers11050081","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/11/5/81/pdf?version=1652772791","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228075","display_name":"Computers","issn_l":"2073-431X","issn":["2073-431X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8399999737739563,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4280501525.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4280501525.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1982336882","https://openalex.org/W2054283647","https://openalex.org/W2081380202","https://openalex.org/W2117560972","https://openalex.org/W2170239483","https://openalex.org/W2243299349","https://openalex.org/W2540429289","https://openalex.org/W2792579500","https://openalex.org/W2893470962","https://openalex.org/W2924595251","https://openalex.org/W2930610231","https://openalex.org/W2991147913","https://openalex.org/W2997037886","https://openalex.org/W3008577289","https://openalex.org/W3028103590","https://openalex.org/W3040962006","https://openalex.org/W3119558571","https://openalex.org/W3200895695","https://openalex.org/W3207582735","https://openalex.org/W6645576995"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2419357761","https://openalex.org/W2400831526","https://openalex.org/W1967857157","https://openalex.org/W1563422521","https://openalex.org/W2414976889","https://openalex.org/W4205697663","https://openalex.org/W2597038935","https://openalex.org/W2963159966","https://openalex.org/W2764165745","https://openalex.org/W4248857211"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Building":[0],"modern":[1],"Internet":[2],"of":[3,12,15,37,44,51,92,135,160,170,195,203,211,217],"Things":[4],"(IoT)":[5],"systems":[6],"is":[7,21,83],"associated":[8],"with":[9,214],"a":[10],"number":[11,134],"challenges.":[13],"One":[14],"the":[16,22,34,41,90,105,132,138,145,150,153,158,163,186,201,209,212,215],"most":[17],"significant":[18],"among":[19],"them":[20],"need":[23],"for":[24,89,97,117,120,191],"wireless":[25,93,171,204],"technology,":[26],"which":[27,182],"will":[28],"serve":[29],"to":[30,47,79,107,141,207],"build":[31],"connectivity":[32],"between":[33],"individual":[35],"components":[36],"this":[38,85],"technology.":[39],"In":[40],"larger":[42],"cities":[43,99,121],"Bulgaria,":[45],"measures":[46],"ensure":[48,58],"low":[49,75],"levels":[50],"harmful":[52],"emissions,":[53],"reduce":[54],"noise":[55],"levels,":[56],"and":[57,74,115],"comfort":[59],"in":[60,71,100,110,122,137,144,149,185,200,219],"urban":[61],"environments":[62],"have":[63,104,124],"been":[64,125,129],"taken.":[65],"LoRa":[66],"technology":[67,86],"shows":[68],"more":[69],"advantages":[70],"transmission":[72],"distance":[73],"energy":[76,164,192],"consumption":[77],"compared":[78],"other":[80,154],"technologies.":[81],"That":[82],"why":[84],"was":[87],"chosen":[88],"design":[91,202],"sensor":[94,172,205],"networks":[95,103,173,206],"(WSN)":[96],"six":[98],"Bulgaria.":[101],"These":[102],"potential":[106],"be":[108,175,198],"used":[109,199],"IoT":[111],"configurations.":[112],"Appropriate":[113],"modules":[114],"devices":[116],"building":[118],"WSN":[119,139,196],"Bulgaria":[123],"selected.":[126],"It":[127],"has":[128],"found":[130],"that":[131],"greater":[133],"nodes":[136],"leads":[140],"an":[142],"increase":[143],"average":[146],"power":[147],"consumed":[148,165],"network.":[151],"On":[152],"hand,":[155],"depending":[156],"on":[157],"location":[159],"these":[161],"nodes,":[162],"may":[166],"decrease.":[167],"The":[168,189],"performance":[169],"can":[174,197],"optimized":[176],"by":[177],"applying":[178],"appropriate":[179],"routing":[180],"protocols,":[181],"are":[183],"proposed":[184],"available":[187],"literature.":[188],"methodology":[190],"efficiency":[193],"analysis":[194],"determine":[208],"parameters":[210],"environment,":[213],"possibility":[216],"application":[218],"IoT.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
