{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3195032244","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers10080103","title":"Assessment of Gradient Descent Trained Rule-Fact Network Expert System Multi-Path Training Technique Performance","display_name":"Assessment of Gradient Descent Trained Rule-Fact Network Expert System Multi-Path Training Technique Performance","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3195032244","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers10080103","mag":"3195032244"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/computers10080103","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers10080103","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/10/8/103/pdf?version=1629785331","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228075","display_name":"Computers","issn_l":"2073-431X","issn":["2073-431X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/10/8/103/pdf?version=1629785331","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074333355","display_name":"Jeremy Straub","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9821-2858"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57328836","display_name":"North Dakota State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05h1bnb22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57328836"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jeremy Straub","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57328836"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5074333355"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57328836"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":0.8158,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78220166,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"8","first_page":"103","last_page":"103"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path","display_name":"Path (computing)","score":0.7808611392974854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6861012578010559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gradient-descent","display_name":"Gradient descent","score":0.6644327640533447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.6232796907424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expert-system","display_name":"Expert system","score":0.4523395895957947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4483465552330017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4066995084285736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.3725661039352417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3431149125099182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.07611504197120667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.7808611392974854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6861012578010559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153258448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1199743","display_name":"Gradient descent","level":3,"score":0.6644327640533447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.6232796907424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58328972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184609","display_name":"Expert system","level":2,"score":0.4523395895957947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4483465552330017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4066995084285736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.3725661039352417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3431149125099182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.07611504197120667}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/computers10080103","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers10080103","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/10/8/103/pdf?version=1629785331","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228075","display_name":"Computers","issn_l":"2073-431X","issn":["2073-431X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d93811e9998546a0a6c6ae5f64f4d9d2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d93811e9998546a0a6c6ae5f64f4d9d2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computers, Vol 10, Iss 8, p 103 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/computers10080103","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers10080103","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/10/8/103/pdf?version=1629785331","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228075","display_name":"Computers","issn_l":"2073-431X","issn":["2073-431X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3195032244.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3195032244.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W155854392","https://openalex.org/W1585983533","https://openalex.org/W1977318811","https://openalex.org/W1979898991","https://openalex.org/W1980480036","https://openalex.org/W1989031186","https://openalex.org/W2021498796","https://openalex.org/W2022965578","https://openalex.org/W2049012913","https://openalex.org/W2069368102","https://openalex.org/W2098139285","https://openalex.org/W2110537886","https://openalex.org/W2116386142","https://openalex.org/W2148520070","https://openalex.org/W2160411185","https://openalex.org/W2161205534","https://openalex.org/W2164477014","https://openalex.org/W2334843404","https://openalex.org/W2535873859","https://openalex.org/W2757447434","https://openalex.org/W2759471388","https://openalex.org/W2764072425","https://openalex.org/W2767951891","https://openalex.org/W2798302089","https://openalex.org/W2898970033","https://openalex.org/W2912565176","https://openalex.org/W2946683488","https://openalex.org/W2965211237","https://openalex.org/W2975495759","https://openalex.org/W2981731882","https://openalex.org/W2995523160","https://openalex.org/W2998249317","https://openalex.org/W2998347911","https://openalex.org/W2998601048","https://openalex.org/W2999185414","https://openalex.org/W3007283957","https://openalex.org/W3015228214","https://openalex.org/W3046449784","https://openalex.org/W3083527131","https://openalex.org/W3090589984","https://openalex.org/W3106955873","https://openalex.org/W3110802041","https://openalex.org/W3121453273","https://openalex.org/W3124761574","https://openalex.org/W3178051846","https://openalex.org/W3189510914","https://openalex.org/W4211007335","https://openalex.org/W4235603051","https://openalex.org/W4241395986","https://openalex.org/W4287868907","https://openalex.org/W6606341887","https://openalex.org/W6681978006","https://openalex.org/W6703328144","https://openalex.org/W6773018632","https://openalex.org/W6773952175"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2032233321","https://openalex.org/W3121970507","https://openalex.org/W2389542812","https://openalex.org/W2110028391","https://openalex.org/W54497855","https://openalex.org/W217960748","https://openalex.org/W3125814499","https://openalex.org/W2381894592","https://openalex.org/W842446299","https://openalex.org/W1998698147"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,45,61],"use":[1,42],"of":[2,10,47,58,97,104],"gradient":[3],"descent":[4],"training":[5,29,82,85],"to":[6,100],"optimize":[7],"the":[8,18,48,68,90,101,105],"performance":[9,46],"a":[11,35,56,94],"rule-fact":[12],"network":[13,80],"expert":[14],"system":[15],"via":[16],"updating":[17],"network\u2019s":[19],"rule":[20],"weightings":[21],"was":[22,52],"previously":[23,53],"demonstrated.":[24],"Along":[25],"with":[26,78],"this,":[27],"four":[28],"techniques":[30,51,74,92,107],"were":[31,75],"proposed:":[32],"two":[33,41],"used":[34],"single":[36,49,69],"path":[37,50,63,70],"for":[38],"optimization":[39],"and":[40,108],"multiple":[43,62,113],"paths.":[44],"evaluated":[54,77],"under":[55,93,112],"variety":[57,96],"experimental":[59,98],"conditions.":[60,115],"techniques,":[64],"when":[65],"compared,":[66],"outperformed":[67],"ones;":[71],"however,":[72],"these":[73],"not":[76],"different":[79],"types,":[81],"velocities":[83],"or":[84],"levels.":[86],"This":[87],"paper":[88],"considers":[89],"multi-path":[91],"similar":[95],"conditions":[99],"prior":[102],"assessment":[103],"single-path":[106],"demonstrates":[109],"their":[110],"effectiveness":[111],"operating":[114]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
