{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3087735918","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computation8030083","title":"A Graphics Process Unit-Based Multiple-Relaxation-Time Lattice Boltzmann Simulation of Non-Newtonian Fluid Flows in a Backward Facing Step","display_name":"A Graphics Process Unit-Based Multiple-Relaxation-Time Lattice Boltzmann Simulation of Non-Newtonian Fluid Flows in a Backward Facing Step","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3087735918","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computation8030083","mag":"3087735918"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/computation8030083","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computation8030083","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3197/8/3/83/pdf?version=1600841772","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738402919","display_name":"Computation","issn_l":"2079-3197","issn":["2079-3197"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3197/8/3/83/pdf?version=1600841772","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041848320","display_name":"Md. Mamun Molla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2877-4131"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157386601","display_name":"North South University","ror":"https://ror.org/05wdbfp45","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157386601"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Md. Mamun Molla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Applied and Scientific Computing (CASE), North South University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh","Department of Mathematics & Physics, North South University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2877-4131","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Applied and Scientific Computing (CASE), North South University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157386601"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics & Physics, North South University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157386601"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034080045","display_name":"Preetom Nag","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9563-8944"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157386601","display_name":"North South University","ror":"https://ror.org/05wdbfp45","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157386601"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Preetom Nag","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Applied and Scientific Computing (CASE), North South University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh","Department of Mathematics & Physics, North South University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9563-8944","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Applied and Scientific Computing (CASE), North South University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157386601"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics & Physics, North South University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157386601"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063270520","display_name":"Sharaban Thohura","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9416-0878"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125938","display_name":"Jagannath University","ror":"https://ror.org/02c4z7527","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125938"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sharaban Thohura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Jagannath University, Dhaka 1100, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9416-0878","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Jagannath University, Dhaka 1100, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125938"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053139994","display_name":"Amirul Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7521-5458"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amirul Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7521-5458","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041848320"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157386601"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":3.1497,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.925304,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"3","first_page":"83","last_page":"83"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11751","display_name":"Lattice Boltzmann Simulation Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11751","display_name":"Lattice Boltzmann Simulation Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11254","display_name":"Fluid Dynamics and Vibration Analysis","score":0.988099992275238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12163","display_name":"Aerosol Filtration and Electrostatic Precipitation","score":0.978600025177002,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lattice-boltzmann-methods","display_name":"Lattice Boltzmann methods","score":0.7149818539619446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanics","display_name":"Mechanics","score":0.5970435738563538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-newtonian-fluid","display_name":"Non-Newtonian fluid","score":0.5615264177322388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laminar-flow","display_name":"Laminar flow","score":0.5334584712982178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/newtonian-fluid","display_name":"Newtonian fluid","score":0.5112366676330566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reynolds-number","display_name":"Reynolds number","score":0.5082235336303711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalized-newtonian-fluid","display_name":"Generalized Newtonian fluid","score":0.4741879403591156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/streamlines-streaklines-and-pathlines","display_name":"Streamlines, streaklines, and pathlines","score":0.4715597331523895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics-processing-unit","display_name":"Graphics processing unit","score":0.42683807015419006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.4252721071243286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shear-rate","display_name":"Shear rate","score":0.34162819385528564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2742530405521393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viscosity","display_name":"Viscosity","score":0.23234078288078308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermodynamics","display_name":"Thermodynamics","score":0.1574874222278595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.11877861618995667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turbulence","display_name":"Turbulence","score":0.10518747568130493}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21821499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1807064","display_name":"Lattice Boltzmann methods","level":2,"score":0.7149818539619446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.5970435738563538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84403224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860589","display_name":"Non-Newtonian fluid","level":2,"score":0.5615264177322388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76563973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189452","display_name":"Laminar flow","level":2,"score":0.5334584712982178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C294558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q366968","display_name":"Newtonian fluid","level":2,"score":0.5112366676330566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182748727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178932","display_name":"Reynolds number","level":3,"score":0.5082235336303711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51336717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532445","display_name":"Generalized Newtonian fluid","level":4,"score":0.4741879403591156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60439489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q634407","display_name":"Streamlines, streaklines, and pathlines","level":2,"score":0.4715597331523895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779851693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183484","display_name":"Graphics processing unit","level":2,"score":0.42683807015419006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.4252721071243286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165682214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461293","display_name":"Shear rate","level":3,"score":0.34162819385528564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2742530405521393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127172972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128709","display_name":"Viscosity","level":2,"score":0.23234078288078308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.1574874222278595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.11877861618995667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196558001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190132","display_name":"Turbulence","level":2,"score":0.10518747568130493}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/computation8030083","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computation8030083","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3197/8/3/83/pdf?version=1600841772","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738402919","display_name":"Computation","issn_l":"2079-3197","issn":["2079-3197"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:173367","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400854","display_name":"White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2800616092","host_organization_name":"White Rose University Consortium","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800616092"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:765a130f32484476972902c206e34758","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/765a130f32484476972902c206e34758","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computation, Vol 8, Iss 3, p 83 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2079-3197/8/3/83/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computation8030083","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computation; Volume 8; Issue 3; Pages: 83","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/computation8030083","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computation8030083","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3197/8/3/83/pdf?version=1600841772","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738402919","display_name":"Computation","issn_l":"2079-3197","issn":["2079-3197"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970987672","https://openalex.org/W1973243805","https://openalex.org/W1981718790","https://openalex.org/W1982933896","https://openalex.org/W1984168222","https://openalex.org/W1986309509","https://openalex.org/W1994629572","https://openalex.org/W2000772088","https://openalex.org/W2001657752","https://openalex.org/W2020395610","https://openalex.org/W2020644081","https://openalex.org/W2021041911","https://openalex.org/W2026039582","https://openalex.org/W2027744637","https://openalex.org/W2031662806","https://openalex.org/W2035970626","https://openalex.org/W2041242815","https://openalex.org/W2048806419","https://openalex.org/W2063375079","https://openalex.org/W2068702383","https://openalex.org/W2074129693","https://openalex.org/W2082006552","https://openalex.org/W2083940787","https://openalex.org/W2084186478","https://openalex.org/W2084708563","https://openalex.org/W2092941459","https://openalex.org/W2095283463","https://openalex.org/W2108385107","https://openalex.org/W2114670081","https://openalex.org/W2135400156","https://openalex.org/W2135622011","https://openalex.org/W2141943280","https://openalex.org/W2142117286","https://openalex.org/W2149788502","https://openalex.org/W2163839106","https://openalex.org/W2169679263","https://openalex.org/W2174573343","https://openalex.org/W2175395024","https://openalex.org/W2263783885","https://openalex.org/W2314605371","https://openalex.org/W2323555556","https://openalex.org/W2346703796","https://openalex.org/W2568410362","https://openalex.org/W2597626149","https://openalex.org/W2766406860","https://openalex.org/W2769126660","https://openalex.org/W2796060671","https://openalex.org/W2884245519","https://openalex.org/W2899549560","https://openalex.org/W2907845916","https://openalex.org/W2914335249","https://openalex.org/W2943063212","https://openalex.org/W2964234247","https://openalex.org/W2991431758","https://openalex.org/W3007144040","https://openalex.org/W3017957050","https://openalex.org/W3104198548","https://openalex.org/W4388316717","https://openalex.org/W6680870307","https://openalex.org/W6692979950","https://openalex.org/W6749857161"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2080237727","https://openalex.org/W2726057547","https://openalex.org/W2320559324","https://openalex.org/W2614306844","https://openalex.org/W2885437529","https://openalex.org/W2746494408","https://openalex.org/W4249639836","https://openalex.org/W2091497446","https://openalex.org/W4388321978","https://openalex.org/W577908278"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,73],"modified":[1],"power-law":[2],"(MPL)":[3],"viscosity":[4],"model":[5,46,103,121,137],"of":[6,61,91,129,162,195],"non-Newtonian":[7,50,63],"fluid":[8,64,145],"flow":[9,81,169],"has":[10,82],"been":[11,83],"used":[12],"for":[13,47,125,141],"the":[14,25,29,49,58,80,89,92,98,111,126,130,160,174,188,193,196],"multiple-relaxation-time":[15],"(MRT)":[16],"lattice":[17],"Boltzmann":[18],"methods":[19],"(LBM)":[20],"and":[21,69,85,133,143,173,192],"then":[22,139],"validated":[23,124],"with":[24,151],"benchmark":[26,127],"problems":[27],"using":[28],"graphics":[30],"process":[31],"unit":[32,76],"(GPU)":[33],"parallel":[34],"computing":[35],"via":[36],"Compute":[37],"Unified":[38],"Device":[39],"Architecture":[40],"(CUDA)":[41],"C":[42],"platform.":[43],"The":[44,101,118,136,182],"MPL":[45,102,120],"characterizing":[48],"behavior":[51,60],"is":[52,88,104],"an":[53],"empirical":[54],"correlation":[55],"that":[56],"considers":[57],"Newtonian":[59],"a":[62,66,148],"at":[65],"very":[67,112],"low":[68,113,153],"high":[70],"shear":[71],"rate.":[72],"new":[74],"time":[75],"parameter":[77,87],"(\u03bb)":[78],"governing":[79],"identified,":[84],"this":[86],"consequence":[90],"induced":[93],"length":[94],"scale":[95],"introduced":[96],"by":[97],"power":[99],"law.":[100],"free":[105],"from":[106],"any":[107],"singularities":[108],"due":[109],"to":[110,167],"or":[114],"even":[115],"zero":[116],"shear-rate.":[117],"proposed":[119],"was":[122,138],"first":[123],"study":[128],"lid-driven":[131],"cavity":[132],"channel":[134],"flows.":[135],"applied":[140],"shear-thinning":[142,163],"shear-thickening":[144],"flows":[146],"through":[147],"backward-facing":[149],"step":[150],"relatively":[152],"Reynolds":[154],"numbers,":[155],"Re":[156],"=":[157],"100\u2013400.":[158],"In":[159],"case":[161],"fluids":[164],"(n=0.5),":[165],"laminar":[166],"transitional":[168],"arises":[170],"while":[171],"Re\u2265300,":[172],"large":[175],"vortex":[176],"breaks":[177],"into":[178],"several":[179],"small":[180],"vortices.":[181],"numerical":[183],"results":[184],"are":[185],"presented":[186],"regarding":[187],"velocity":[189],"distribution,":[190],"streamlines,":[191],"lengths":[194],"reattachment":[197],"points.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}