{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2966915742","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computation8020048","title":"The Maximum Common Subgraph Problem: A Parallel and Multi-Engine Approach","display_name":"The Maximum Common Subgraph Problem: A Parallel and Multi-Engine Approach","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-05-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2966915742","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computation8020048","mag":"2966915742"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/computation8020048","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computation8020048","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3197/8/2/48/pdf?version=1592362221","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738402919","display_name":"Computation","issn_l":"2079-3197","issn":["2079-3197"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3197/8/2/48/pdf?version=1592362221","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023997315","display_name":"Stefano Quer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6835-8277"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Politecnico di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stefano Quer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Automatica e Informatica, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6835-8277","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Automatica e Informatica, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079224003","display_name":"Andrea Marcelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1441-5798"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161560","display_name":"Cisco Systems (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/058es3q19","country_code":"FR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135428043","https://openalex.org/I4210161560"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Marcelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cisco Systems, Talos Security Intelligence and Research Group, 06250 Sophia Antipolis, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1441-5798","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cisco Systems, Talos Security Intelligence and Research Group, 06250 Sophia Antipolis, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161560"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024501121","display_name":"Giovanni Squillero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5784-6435"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Politecnico di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giovanni Squillero","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Automatica e Informatica, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5784-6435","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Automatica e Informatica, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023997315"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":1.2156,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78350313,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"2","first_page":"48","last_page":"48"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11596","display_name":"Constraint Satisfaction and Optimization","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12292","display_name":"Graph Theory and Algorithms","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8491501808166504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.6510496139526367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristics","display_name":"Heuristics","score":0.6100885272026062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.6040841937065125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cuda","display_name":"CUDA","score":0.5763545036315918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-core-processor","display_name":"Multi-core processor","score":0.5077062845230103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thread","display_name":"Thread (computing)","score":0.45978763699531555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.4532890319824219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memory-bandwidth","display_name":"Memory bandwidth","score":0.44097888469696045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/portfolio","display_name":"Portfolio","score":0.43564265966415405}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8491501808166504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.6510496139526367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.6100885272026062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.6040841937065125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778119891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477690","display_name":"CUDA","level":2,"score":0.5763545036315918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78766204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q555032","display_name":"Multi-core processor","level":2,"score":0.5077062845230103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138101251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213092","display_name":"Thread (computing)","level":2,"score":0.45978763699531555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.4532890319824219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188045654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17148339","display_name":"Memory bandwidth","level":2,"score":0.44097888469696045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780821815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5340806","display_name":"Portfolio","level":2,"score":0.43564265966415405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106159729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2294553","display_name":"Financial economics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/computation8020048","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computation8020048","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3197/8/2/48/pdf?version=1592362221","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738402919","display_name":"Computation","issn_l":"2079-3197","issn":["2079-3197"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1908.06418","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1908.06418","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1908.06418","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d05d30e7c1fa4b58bb41aae9b7f564ef","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d05d30e7c1fa4b58bb41aae9b7f564ef","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computation, Vol 8, Iss 2, p 48 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2079-3197/8/2/48/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computation8020048","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computation","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/computation8020048","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computation8020048","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3197/8/2/48/pdf?version=1592362221","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738402919","display_name":"Computation","issn_l":"2079-3197","issn":["2079-3197"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W158822462","https://openalex.org/W176100319","https://openalex.org/W189545204","https://openalex.org/W231720905","https://openalex.org/W1217907795","https://openalex.org/W1513427694","https://openalex.org/W1551696500","https://openalex.org/W1575307352","https://openalex.org/W1845875229","https://openalex.org/W1861597632","https://openalex.org/W1974032838","https://openalex.org/W1988845780","https://openalex.org/W1996615424","https://openalex.org/W2001431291","https://openalex.org/W2005933636","https://openalex.org/W2013951121","https://openalex.org/W2024578140","https://openalex.org/W2043005464","https://openalex.org/W2053841470","https://openalex.org/W2068379792","https://openalex.org/W2071910845","https://openalex.org/W2087872740","https://openalex.org/W2103406309","https://openalex.org/W2103626206","https://openalex.org/W2113367658","https://openalex.org/W2115353894","https://openalex.org/W2116007667","https://openalex.org/W2119190805","https://openalex.org/W2143387021","https://openalex.org/W2147148915","https://openalex.org/W2153747625","https://openalex.org/W2168933917","https://openalex.org/W2244829559","https://openalex.org/W2305456728","https://openalex.org/W2423531333","https://openalex.org/W2492189553","https://openalex.org/W2492753608","https://openalex.org/W2549560969","https://openalex.org/W2557654849","https://openalex.org/W2575141006","https://openalex.org/W2604114816","https://openalex.org/W2619571771","https://openalex.org/W2624219241","https://openalex.org/W2736007020","https://openalex.org/W2778254677","https://openalex.org/W2796193135","https://openalex.org/W2890296644","https://openalex.org/W2912210087","https://openalex.org/W2937947223","https://openalex.org/W3106926726","https://openalex.org/W4233991634","https://openalex.org/W4234629866","https://openalex.org/W4237705776","https://openalex.org/W6630457357","https://openalex.org/W6675504125","https://openalex.org/W6698291734","https://openalex.org/W6729475460","https://openalex.org/W6732661957","https://openalex.org/W6738432100"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3062287","https://openalex.org/W2380390332","https://openalex.org/W2742145873","https://openalex.org/W4245975140","https://openalex.org/W2532592438","https://openalex.org/W1977763331","https://openalex.org/W2062253548","https://openalex.org/W4225414539","https://openalex.org/W2031026393","https://openalex.org/W2063611263"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,204],"maximum":[1],"common":[2,11,15],"subgraph":[3,16],"of":[4],"two":[5],"graphs":[6],"is":[7,27],"the":[8,14,50,86,99,108,118,122,133,143,165,179,192,201,236],"largest":[9],"possible":[10],"subgraph,":[12],"i.e.,":[13],"with":[17,138,145,164],"as":[18,21,30,184,218],"many":[19],"vertices":[20],"possible.":[22],"Even":[23],"if":[24,158],"this":[25],"problem":[26],"very":[28,56],"challenging,":[29],"it":[31,91],"has":[32],"been":[33],"long":[34],"proven":[35],"NP-hard,":[36],"its":[37],"countless":[38],"practical":[39],"applications":[40],"still":[41],"motivates":[42],"searching":[43],"for":[44,195],"exact":[45],"solutions.":[46],"This":[47],"work":[48],"discusses":[49],"possibility":[51],"to":[52,102,116,131,136,141,242],"extend":[53,98],"an":[54],"existing,":[55],"effective":[57],"branch-and-bound":[58],"procedure":[59],"on":[60,78,154,168,230],"parallel":[61,69,103,251],"multi-core":[62,70],"and":[63,90,112,121,140,212,220,228,238,249],"many-core":[64,104],"architectures.":[65],"We":[66,96],"analyze":[67],"a":[68,74,79,173,196,225],"implementation":[71],"that":[72],"exploits":[73],"divide-and-conquer":[75],"approach":[76,206],"based":[77],"thread":[80],"pool,":[81],"which":[82,176],"does":[83],"not":[84,161],"deteriorate":[85],"original":[87,100,166],"algorithmic":[88],"efficiency":[89,227],"minimizes":[92],"data":[93,124],"structure":[94],"repetitions.":[95],"also":[97],"algorithm":[101],"GPU":[105,221],"architectures":[106],"adopting":[107],"CUDA":[109],"programming":[110],"framework,":[111],"we":[113,127,171],"show":[114,224],"how":[115],"handle":[117],"heavily":[119],"workload-unbalance":[120],"massive":[123],"dependency.":[125],"Then,":[126],"suggest":[128],"new":[129],"heuristics":[130,149],"reorder":[132],"adjacency":[134],"matrix,":[135],"deal":[137],"\u201cdead-ends\u201d,":[139],"randomize":[142],"search":[144,182],"automatic":[146],"restarts.":[147],"These":[148],"can":[150],"achieve":[151],"significant":[152],"speed-ups":[153],"specific":[155],"instances,":[156],"even":[157],"they":[159],"may":[160],"be":[162],"competitive":[163],"strategy":[167],"average.":[169],"Finally,":[170],"propose":[172],"portfolio":[174,216],"approach,":[175],"integrates":[177],"all":[178],"different":[180],"local":[181],"algorithms":[183],"component":[185],"tools;":[186],"such":[187],"portfolio,":[188],"rather":[189],"than":[190],"choosing":[191],"best":[193],"tool":[194],"given":[197],"instance":[198],"up-front,":[199],"takes":[200],"decision":[202],"on-line.":[203],"proposed":[205],"drastically":[207],"limits":[208],"memory":[209],"bandwidth":[210],"constraints":[211],"avoids":[213],"other":[214],"typical":[215],"fragility":[217],"CPU":[219],"versions":[222],"often":[223],"complementary":[226],"run":[229],"separated":[231],"platforms.":[232],"Experimental":[233],"results":[234],"support":[235],"claims":[237],"motivate":[239],"further":[240],"research":[241],"better":[243],"exploit":[244],"GPUs":[245],"in":[246],"embedded":[247],"task-intensive":[248],"multi-engine":[250],"applications.":[252]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2019-08-22T00:00:00"}
