{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2154596720","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computation3040509","title":"CFD and Experimental Study on the Effect of Progressive Heating on Fluid Flow inside a Thermal Wind Tunnel","display_name":"CFD and Experimental Study on the Effect of Progressive Heating on Fluid Flow inside a Thermal Wind Tunnel","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-10-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2154596720","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computation3040509","mag":"2154596720"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/computation3040509","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computation3040509","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3197/3/4/509/pdf?version=1445434828","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738402919","display_name":"Computation","issn_l":"2079-3197","issn":["2079-3197"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3197/3/4/509/pdf?version=1445434828","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026530545","display_name":"Hassam Nasarullah Chaudhry","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4657-1605"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32062511","display_name":"Heriot-Watt University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mghma93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149788","display_name":"Heriot-Watt University Dubai","ror":"https://ror.org/058tx1a56","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210149788"]}],"countries":["AE","GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hassam Chaudhry","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University,  294345 Dubai, UAE","School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University, 294345 Dubai, UAE"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University,  294345 Dubai, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149788","https://openalex.org/I32062511"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University, 294345 Dubai, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149788"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014917862","display_name":"John Kaiser Calautit","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Calautit","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sheffield, S10 2TN Sheffield, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sheffield, S10 2TN Sheffield, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101594217","display_name":"Ben Richard Hughes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6314-4683"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ben Hughes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sheffield, S10 2TN Sheffield, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sheffield, S10 2TN Sheffield, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044938668","display_name":"Lik Fang Sim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60342839","display_name":"Qatar University","ror":"https://ror.org/00yhnba62","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lik Sim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial and Mechanical Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial and Mechanical Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026530545"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32062511","https://openalex.org/I4210149788"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":0.4669,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69059969,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"4","first_page":"509","last_page":"527"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11371","display_name":"Wind and Air Flow Studies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11371","display_name":"Wind and Air Flow Studies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12081","display_name":"Aerodynamics and Fluid Dynamics Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11317","display_name":"Fire dynamics and safety research","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-fluid-dynamics","display_name":"Computational fluid dynamics","score":0.8853734731674194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluent","display_name":"Fluent","score":0.6785824298858643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-tunnel","display_name":"Wind tunnel","score":0.6761846542358398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanics","display_name":"Mechanics","score":0.6629899740219116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turbulence","display_name":"Turbulence","score":0.6552156209945679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal","display_name":"Thermal","score":0.5164030194282532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-speed","display_name":"Wind speed","score":0.5070476531982422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.4567585587501526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cfd-in-buildings","display_name":"CFD in buildings","score":0.4474961459636688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/airflow","display_name":"Airflow","score":0.4192362129688263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flow","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","score":0.41188615560531616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.2986904978752136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.2916548252105713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.24520835280418396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.21780282258987427}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1633027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815820","display_name":"Computational fluid dynamics","level":2,"score":0.8853734731674194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780411076","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5462653","display_name":"Fluent","level":3,"score":0.6785824298858643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100086909","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193010","display_name":"Wind tunnel","level":2,"score":0.6761846542358398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.6629899740219116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196558001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190132","display_name":"Turbulence","level":2,"score":0.6552156209945679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204530211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752823","display_name":"Thermal","level":2,"score":0.5164030194282532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161067210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1464943","display_name":"Wind speed","level":2,"score":0.5070476531982422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4567585587501526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55978416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5010604","display_name":"CFD in buildings","level":3,"score":0.4474961459636688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116067010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4698686","display_name":"Airflow","level":2,"score":0.4192362129688263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38349280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.41188615560531616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2986904978752136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.2916548252105713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24520835280418396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.21780282258987427}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/computation3040509","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computation3040509","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3197/3/4/509/pdf?version=1445434828","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738402919","display_name":"Computation","issn_l":"2079-3197","issn":["2079-3197"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:strathprints.strath.ac.uk:72911","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/view/author/1206736.html>","pdf_url":"https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/72911/1/Chaudhry_etal_C2015_CFD_experimental_study_effect_progressive_heating_fluid_flow_inside_thermal_wind_tunnel.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402226","display_name":"Strathprints: The University of Strathclyde institutional repository (University of Strathclyde)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","host_organization_name":"University of Strathclyde","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:fec7800d61dd4ad9a851e92b1f9ff603","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/fec7800d61dd4ad9a851e92b1f9ff603","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computation, Vol 3, Iss 4, Pp 509-527 (2015)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2079-3197/3/4/509/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computation3040509","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computation","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/computation3040509","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computation3040509","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3197/3/4/509/pdf?version=1445434828","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738402919","display_name":"Computation","issn_l":"2079-3197","issn":["2079-3197"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9100000262260437,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311518","display_name":"Heriot-Watt University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mghma93"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320298","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320342","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2154596720.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2154596720.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W180824322","https://openalex.org/W626263125","https://openalex.org/W1609496979","https://openalex.org/W1892194823","https://openalex.org/W1970249429","https://openalex.org/W1988479799","https://openalex.org/W1992889522","https://openalex.org/W2002578658","https://openalex.org/W2014921548","https://openalex.org/W2017592240","https://openalex.org/W2021639558","https://openalex.org/W2041232395","https://openalex.org/W2042149953","https://openalex.org/W2065432870","https://openalex.org/W2098466039","https://openalex.org/W2121484106","https://openalex.org/W2148103728","https://openalex.org/W2227922575","https://openalex.org/W2796535674","https://openalex.org/W2916151917","https://openalex.org/W6689450059"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2377565352","https://openalex.org/W2352711024","https://openalex.org/W2375677550","https://openalex.org/W4389447379","https://openalex.org/W1994690942","https://openalex.org/W1601610959","https://openalex.org/W2372125971","https://openalex.org/W2148103728","https://openalex.org/W4312125628","https://openalex.org/W2615232368"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"detailed":[1],"Computational":[2],"Fluid":[3],"Dynamics":[4],"(CFD)":[5],"and":[6,14,61,101,120,150,159],"experimental":[7,81],"investigation":[8],"into":[9],"characterizing":[10],"the":[11,25,31,42,46,58,66,80,88,97,104,109,117,129,137,148,154,164,174,185,190],"fluid":[12],"flow":[13,33],"thermal":[15,62,138],"profiles":[16,63],"in":[17,45,51,153,176],"a":[18,91,144],"wind":[19,141,168],"tunnel":[20],"was":[21,71,85,157],"carried":[22,72],"out,":[23],"highlighting":[24],"effect":[26],"of":[27,35,94,133,140],"progressive":[28],"heating":[29,40],"on":[30,57],"non-uniformity":[32,149],"profile":[34],"air.":[36],"Using":[37],"controllable":[38],"electrical":[39],"elements,":[41],"operating":[43],"temperatures":[44],"test-section":[47],"were":[48],"gradually":[49],"increased":[50],"order":[52],"to":[53,136,181],"determine":[54],"its":[55],"influence":[56],"subsequent":[59],"velocity":[60,99,186],"found":[64],"inside":[65,189],"test-section.":[67],"The":[68,112,170],"numerical":[69],"study":[70],"out":[73],"using":[74,128],"CFD":[75,134],"FLUENT":[76],"code,":[77],"alongside":[78],"validating":[79],"results.":[82],"Good":[83],"correlation":[84,114],"observed":[86],"as":[87],"comparison":[89],"yielded":[90],"mean":[92],"error":[93],"6.4%":[95],"for":[96,103,127,167],"air":[98,105],"parameter":[100,107],"2.3%":[102],"temperature":[106,146,177],"between":[108,116],"two":[110],"techniques.":[111],"good":[113],"established":[115],"numerically":[118],"predicted":[119],"experimentally":[121],"tested":[122],"results":[123],"identified":[124],"broad":[125],"scope":[126],"advanced":[130],"computational":[131],"capabilities":[132],"applicable":[135],"modeling":[139],"tunnels.":[142,169],"For":[143],"constant":[145],"process,":[147],"turbulence":[151],"intensity":[152],"test":[155,191],"section":[156],"0.9%":[158],"0.5%,":[160],"which":[161],"is":[162],"under":[163],"recommended":[165],"guidelines":[166],"findings":[171],"revealed":[172],"that":[173],"increase":[175],"from":[178],"20":[179],"\u00b0C":[180,183],"50":[182],"reduced":[184],"by":[187],"15.2%":[188],"section.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
