{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7127111194","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computation14020034","title":"Application of the Dynamic Latent Space Model to Social Networks with Time-Varying Covariates","display_name":"Application of the Dynamic Latent Space Model to Social Networks with Time-Varying Covariates","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7127111194","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computation14020034"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/computation14020034","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computation14020034","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738402919","display_name":"Computation","issn_l":"2079-3197","issn":["2079-3197"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computation14020034","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124871627","display_name":"Ziqian Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ziqian Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, 390 Corbett Family Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9869-641X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, 390 Corbett Family Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124801182","display_name":"Zhiyong Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiyong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, 390 Corbett Family Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0590-2196","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, 390 Corbett Family Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5124871627"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.15419527,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"2","first_page":"34","last_page":"34"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13283","display_name":"Mental Health Research Topics","score":0.8102999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13283","display_name":"Mental Health Research Topics","score":0.8102999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.057100001722574234,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12892","display_name":"Social Power and Status Dynamics","score":0.017799999564886093,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exponential-random-graph-models","display_name":"Exponential random graph models","score":0.7167999744415283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariate","display_name":"Covariate","score":0.6887999773025513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/friendship","display_name":"Friendship","score":0.6473000049591064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-network","display_name":"Social network (sociolinguistics)","score":0.5444999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5320000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-network-analysis","display_name":"Dynamic network analysis","score":0.5238000154495239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoregressive-model","display_name":"Autoregressive model","score":0.5024999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-network-analysis","display_name":"Social network analysis","score":0.48010000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.4311000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamics","display_name":"Dynamics (music)","score":0.3840999901294708}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30549945","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421526","display_name":"Exponential random graph models","level":4,"score":0.7167999744415283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119043178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320723","display_name":"Covariate","level":2,"score":0.6887999773025513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778736484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q491","display_name":"Friendship","level":2,"score":0.6473000049591064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6291999816894531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4727928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17164759","display_name":"Social network (sociolinguistics)","level":3,"score":0.5444999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5320000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13540734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5318996","display_name":"Dynamic network analysis","level":2,"score":0.5238000154495239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159877910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2202883","display_name":"Autoregressive model","level":2,"score":0.5024999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114713312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7551269","display_name":"Social network analysis","level":3,"score":0.48010000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4424000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.4311000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145912823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q113558","display_name":"Dynamics (music)","level":2,"score":0.3840999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.37869998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123757187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9195957","display_name":"Network dynamics","level":2,"score":0.3628999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137753397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2434424","display_name":"Network science","level":3,"score":0.35120001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.34299999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104122410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1416406","display_name":"Network model","level":2,"score":0.3301999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.31929999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.3158999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32946077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618079","display_name":"Network analysis","level":2,"score":0.3149000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198477413","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7647069","display_name":"Survey data collection","level":2,"score":0.3140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.31130000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.29809999465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53059260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374758","display_name":"Multilevel model","level":2,"score":0.28139999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67469775","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q304922","display_name":"Social dynamics","level":2,"score":0.2750999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130064352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853725","display_name":"Social relation","level":2,"score":0.27250000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47458327","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910404","display_name":"Random graph","level":3,"score":0.2667999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114289077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3284399","display_name":"Statistical model","level":2,"score":0.2635999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020672099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857354","display_name":"Longitudinal data","level":2,"score":0.2549000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151915977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5937740","display_name":"Human dynamics","level":2,"score":0.2540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55105296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841382","display_name":"Interaction network","level":3,"score":0.25209999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987946170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853725","display_name":"Social relationship","level":2,"score":0.25049999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196083921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915758","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","level":2,"score":0.25040000677108765}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/computation14020034","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computation14020034","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738402919","display_name":"Computation","issn_l":"2079-3197","issn":["2079-3197"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e19f952fda354e2b917d4bea026fb6a7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e19f952fda354e2b917d4bea026fb6a7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computation, Vol 14, Iss 2, p 34 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/computation14020034","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computation14020034","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738402919","display_name":"Computation","issn_l":"2079-3197","issn":["2079-3197"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7236172556877136}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2512033723","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R305D210023","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306106","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Education"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306106","display_name":"U.S. Department of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/021adze67"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,54,59,72,75,82,95,101,120,130],"growing":[2],"accessibility":[3],"of":[4,70,103,122,129,171],"tools":[5],"such":[6,52,106],"as":[7,53,107],"online":[8],"surveys":[9],"and":[10,44,58,74,156],"web":[11],"scraping,":[12],"longitudinal":[13],"social":[14,22,38,172],"network":[15,50,150],"data":[16,31,105],"are":[17],"more":[18],"commonly":[19],"collected":[20,137],"in":[21,36,119],"science":[23],"research":[24,80],"along":[25],"with":[26,152],"non-network":[27,77,104,135],"survey":[28],"data.":[29],"Such":[30],"play":[32],"a":[33,113,168],"critical":[34],"role":[35,102],"helping":[37],"scientists":[39],"understand":[40],"how":[41,162],"relationships":[42],"develop":[43],"evolve":[45],"over":[46,175],"time.":[47,176],"Existing":[48],"dynamic":[49,83,134],"models":[51],"Stochastic":[55],"Actor-Oriented":[56],"Model":[57,64],"Temporal":[60],"Exponential":[61],"Random":[62],"Graph":[63],"provide":[65],"frameworks":[66],"to":[67,94,115,132,167],"analyze":[68],"traits":[69],"both":[71],"networks":[73,96,140],"external":[76,163],"covariates.":[78],"However,":[79],"on":[81,91],"latent":[84],"space":[85],"model":[86],"(DLSM)":[87],"has":[88],"focused":[89],"mainly":[90],"factors":[92,164],"intrinsic":[93],"themselves.":[97],"Despite":[98],"some":[99],"discussion,":[100],"contextual":[108],"or":[109],"behavioral":[110],"covariates":[111,136],"remain":[112],"topic":[114],"be":[116],"further":[117],"explored":[118],"context":[121],"DLSMs.":[123],"In":[124],"this":[125],"study,":[126],"one":[127],"application":[128],"DLSM":[131],"incorporate":[133],"alongside":[138],"friendship":[139,149],"using":[141],"autoregressive":[142],"processes":[143],"is":[144,160],"presented.":[145],"By":[146],"analyzing":[147],"two":[148],"datasets":[151],"different":[153],"time":[154],"points":[155],"psychological":[157],"covariates,":[158],"it":[159],"shown":[161],"can":[165],"contribute":[166],"deeper":[169],"understanding":[170],"interaction":[173],"dynamics":[174]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2026-02-03T00:00:00"}