{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406614908","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computation13010020","title":"Estimation of Wind Farm Losses Using a Jensen Model Based on Actual Wind Turbine Characteristics for an Offshore Wind Farm in the Baltic Sea","display_name":"Estimation of Wind Farm Losses Using a Jensen Model Based on Actual Wind Turbine Characteristics for an Offshore Wind Farm in the Baltic Sea","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406614908","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computation13010020"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/computation13010020","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computation13010020","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3197/13/1/20/pdf?version=1737388860","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738402919","display_name":"Computation","issn_l":"2079-3197","issn":["2079-3197"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3197/13/1/20/pdf?version=1737388860","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075372464","display_name":"Ziemowit Malecha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8560-760X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11923345","display_name":"Wroc\u0142aw University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/008fyn775","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11923345"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I686019","display_name":"AGH University of Krakow","ror":"https://ror.org/00bas1c41","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ziemowit Malecha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cryogenics and Aerospace Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrze\u017ce Wyspia\u0144skiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8560-760X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cryogenics and Aerospace Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrze\u017ce Wyspia\u0144skiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11923345","https://openalex.org/I686019"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091370880","display_name":"M. Chorowski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7224-8695"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11923345","display_name":"Wroc\u0142aw University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/008fyn775","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11923345"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I686019","display_name":"AGH University of Krakow","ror":"https://ror.org/00bas1c41","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maciej Chorowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cryogenics and Aerospace Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrze\u017ce Wyspia\u0144skiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7224-8695","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cryogenics and Aerospace Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrze\u017ce Wyspia\u0144skiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11923345","https://openalex.org/I686019"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5075372464"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11923345","https://openalex.org/I686019"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":38.3021,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99549628,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"1","first_page":"20","last_page":"20"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10680","display_name":"Wind Energy Research and Development","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10680","display_name":"Wind Energy Research and Development","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offshore-wind-power","display_name":"Offshore wind power","score":0.901328980922699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baltic-sea","display_name":"Baltic sea","score":0.7854046821594238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turbine","display_name":"Turbine","score":0.730715274810791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5720458626747131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation","display_name":"Estimation","score":0.5583608746528625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marine-engineering","display_name":"Marine engineering","score":0.5452845096588135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.5170441269874573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-speed","display_name":"Wind speed","score":0.4909851849079132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-power","display_name":"Wind power","score":0.4770307242870331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/submarine-pipeline","display_name":"Submarine pipeline","score":0.42723825573921204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oceanography","display_name":"Oceanography","score":0.25699713826179504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.222083181142807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.215660959482193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.19822311401367188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.06102418899536133}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8735168","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61637704","display_name":"Offshore wind power","level":3,"score":0.901328980922699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986433049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q545","display_name":"Baltic sea","level":2,"score":0.7854046821594238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778449969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130760","display_name":"Turbine","level":2,"score":0.730715274810791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5720458626747131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.5583608746528625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199104240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118291","display_name":"Marine engineering","level":1,"score":0.5452845096588135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.5170441269874573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161067210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1464943","display_name":"Wind speed","level":2,"score":0.4909851849079132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78600449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43302","display_name":"Wind power","level":2,"score":0.4770307242870331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162284963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17106102","display_name":"Submarine pipeline","level":2,"score":0.42723825573921204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.25699713826179504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.222083181142807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.215660959482193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.19822311401367188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.06102418899536133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/computation13010020","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computation13010020","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3197/13/1/20/pdf?version=1737388860","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738402919","display_name":"Computation","issn_l":"2079-3197","issn":["2079-3197"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b5c2a2854ca540a88dd0212e5b79ed94","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b5c2a2854ca540a88dd0212e5b79ed94","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computation, Vol 13, Iss 1, p 20 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/computation13010020","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computation13010020","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3197/13/1/20/pdf?version=1737388860","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738402919","display_name":"Computation","issn_l":"2079-3197","issn":["2079-3197"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4406614908.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4406614908.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1594834271","https://openalex.org/W1931511542","https://openalex.org/W2041193859","https://openalex.org/W2042405932","https://openalex.org/W2095600974","https://openalex.org/W2254355615","https://openalex.org/W2312543142","https://openalex.org/W2482388642","https://openalex.org/W2897460087","https://openalex.org/W2938775565","https://openalex.org/W3112955632","https://openalex.org/W3216212699","https://openalex.org/W4240020390","https://openalex.org/W4281728957","https://openalex.org/W4388142002","https://openalex.org/W4402417274","https://openalex.org/W6770153552"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4399194038","https://openalex.org/W2340591813","https://openalex.org/W4360902749","https://openalex.org/W962960785","https://openalex.org/W2888883444","https://openalex.org/W4389634106","https://openalex.org/W3093855182","https://openalex.org/W154560331","https://openalex.org/W4380482219","https://openalex.org/W4377969695"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,123,148],"study":[1,124,149],"investigates":[2],"the":[3,9,32,49,56,72,85,89,116,128,136,159,163,168,176],"effects":[4,103],"of":[5,11,22,34,109,119,170],"velocity":[6,86],"deficits":[7],"on":[8,19,37,175],"performance":[10,39],"wind":[12,16,121,156,164],"turbines":[13,90],"in":[14,96,167],"multi-row":[15],"farms,":[17],"focusing":[18],"two":[20],"types":[21],"turbines:":[23],"Gamesa":[24,27],"G132":[25],"and":[26,48,66,98,111],"SG8.":[28],"The":[29,77],"analysis":[30],"examines":[31],"impact":[33],"turbine":[35,82,138,177],"spacing":[36,83],"key":[38],"metrics,":[40],"including":[41],"Annual":[42],"Energy":[43],"Production,":[44],"energy":[45,100],"production":[46],"losses,":[47],"capacity":[50,160],"factor.":[51],"Two":[52],"models":[53],"are":[54,104,143],"used:":[55],"classical":[57],"Jensen":[58,131],"model,":[59,132],"assuming":[60],"a":[61,153],"constant":[62],"thrust":[63],"coefficient":[64],"(CT),":[65],"an":[67],"updated":[68,130],"model":[69],"that":[70,80,127,142,151],"incorporates":[71],"actual":[73],"turbine-specific":[74],"CT(U)":[75],"characteristics.":[76],"results":[78,141],"demonstrate":[79],"as":[81],"decreases,":[84],"deficit":[87],"behind":[88],"increases,":[91],"leading":[92],"to":[93,145,172],"significant":[94],"reductions":[95],"AEP":[97],"higher":[99],"losses.":[101],"These":[102],"particularly":[105],"pronounced":[106],"for":[107,135,152,162],"spacings":[108],"5D":[110],"3D,":[112],"raising":[113],"concerns":[114],"about":[115],"economic":[117],"feasibility":[118],"such":[120],"farms.":[122],"also":[125],"highlights":[126],"proposed":[129],"which":[133],"accounts":[134],"specific":[137],"characteristics,":[139],"provides":[140],"closer":[144],"real-world":[146],"observations.":[147],"showed":[150],"Baltic":[154],"Sea":[155],"farm":[157,165],"location,":[158],"factor":[161],"is":[166],"range":[169],"0.366":[171],"0.476,":[173],"depending":[174],"spacing.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
