{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406179974","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computation13010012","title":"Finite Element Analysis of Occupant Risk in Vehicular Impacts into Cluster Mailboxes","display_name":"Finite Element Analysis of Occupant Risk in Vehicular Impacts into Cluster Mailboxes","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406179974","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computation13010012"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/computation13010012","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computation13010012","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3197/13/1/12/pdf?version=1736315088","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738402919","display_name":"Computation","issn_l":"2079-3197","issn":["2079-3197"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3197/13/1/12/pdf?version=1736315088","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021868440","display_name":"Emre Palta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0058-9949"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125454184","display_name":"Tekirda\u011f Nam\u0131k Kemal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01a0mk874","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125454184"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emre Palta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, Tekirdag 59030, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0058-9949","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, Tekirdag 59030, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125454184"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001946588","display_name":"\u0141ukasz Pachocki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1286-6621"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169333911","display_name":"Gda\u0144sk University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/006x4sc24","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169333911"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lukasz Pachocki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanics of Materials and Structures, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-222 Gdansk, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1286-6621","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanics of Materials and Structures, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-222 Gdansk, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169333911"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044511328","display_name":"Dawid Bruski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1598-3911"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169333911","display_name":"Gda\u0144sk University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/006x4sc24","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169333911"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dawid Bruski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanics of Materials and Structures, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-222 Gdansk, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanics of Materials and Structures, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-222 Gdansk, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169333911"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100391146","display_name":"Qian Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1886-706X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55707380","display_name":"Manhattan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xhnzg94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55707380"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Manhattan University, Riverdale, NY 10471, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1886-706X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Manhattan University, Riverdale, NY 10471, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55707380"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104774555","display_name":"Christopher Jaus","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67789559","display_name":"Liberty University","ror":"https://ror.org/00w4qrc49","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67789559"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher Jaus","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Liberty University, Lynchburg, VA 24515, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Liberty University, Lynchburg, VA 24515, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67789559"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075175745","display_name":"Hongbing Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3483-0374"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67789559","display_name":"Liberty University","ror":"https://ror.org/00w4qrc49","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67789559"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Howie Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Liberty University, Lynchburg, VA 24515, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3483-0374","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Liberty University, Lynchburg, VA 24515, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67789559"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5075175745"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67789559"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":0.8507,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68518969,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"1","first_page":"12","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14445","display_name":"Transportation Safety and Impact Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14445","display_name":"Transportation Safety and Impact Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11487","display_name":"Automotive and Human Injury Biomechanics","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","score":0.615382194519043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-element-method","display_name":"Finite element method","score":0.5293115973472595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forensic-engineering","display_name":"Forensic engineering","score":0.3406115770339966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3175763487815857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.30840790271759033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering","display_name":"Structural engineering","score":0.28145691752433777}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164866538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367351","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","level":2,"score":0.615382194519043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135628077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220184","display_name":"Finite element method","level":2,"score":0.5293115973472595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77595967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3151013","display_name":"Forensic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3406115770339966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3175763487815857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.30840790271759033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.28145691752433777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/computation13010012","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computation13010012","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3197/13/1/12/pdf?version=1736315088","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738402919","display_name":"Computation","issn_l":"2079-3197","issn":["2079-3197"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3dcbf1ba1e6a43509b715ab65a604ee9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3dcbf1ba1e6a43509b715ab65a604ee9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computation, Vol 13, Iss 1, p 12 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/computation13010012","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computation13010012","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3197/13/1/12/pdf?version=1736315088","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738402919","display_name":"Computation","issn_l":"2079-3197","issn":["2079-3197"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3151947016","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RP 2018-24","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315312","funder_display_name":"North Carolina Department of Transportation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315312","display_name":"North Carolina Department of Transportation","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4406179974.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4406179974.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W768285704","https://openalex.org/W1506861298","https://openalex.org/W1549125148","https://openalex.org/W2052290177","https://openalex.org/W2061019572","https://openalex.org/W2072239142","https://openalex.org/W2083668787","https://openalex.org/W2083951532","https://openalex.org/W2240940677","https://openalex.org/W2606327206","https://openalex.org/W2614156735","https://openalex.org/W2624516164","https://openalex.org/W2833898116","https://openalex.org/W2944242316","https://openalex.org/W3048389892","https://openalex.org/W3130544627","https://openalex.org/W3179367353","https://openalex.org/W4390659283","https://openalex.org/W4400835790","https://openalex.org/W6632649874"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2024940580","https://openalex.org/W2355407165","https://openalex.org/W4239650436"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,87,104,132],"deployment":[1],"of":[2,26,29,38,111,129,146,151,178],"cluster":[3],"mailboxes":[4,153],"(CMs)":[5],"in":[6,15,72,84,114],"the":[7,24,75,85,109,142,147,152,158,166,185],"U.S.":[8],"has":[9],"raised":[10],"safety":[11,110,167],"concerns":[12],"for":[13,77],"passengers":[14],"potential":[16,179],"vehicular":[17],"crashes":[18],"involving":[19],"CMs.":[20,148,187],"This":[21],"study":[22],"investigated":[23],"crashworthiness":[25],"two":[27],"types":[28],"CMs":[30],"through":[31],"nonlinear":[32],"finite":[33],"element":[34],"simulations.":[35],"Two":[36],"configurations":[37],"CM":[39,50],"arrangements":[40],"were":[41,52,82,154],"considered:":[42],"a":[43,46,60,67,96,175],"single-":[44],"and":[45,58,66,95,118,140],"dual-unit":[47],"setup.":[48],"These":[49],"designs":[51],"tested":[53],"on":[54,107],"flat-road":[55],"conditions":[56,124],"with":[57,74],"without":[59],"curb.":[61],"A":[62],"2010":[63],"Toyota":[64],"Yaris":[65],"2006":[68],"Ford":[69],"F250,":[70],"both":[71],"compliance":[73],"Manual":[76],"Assessing":[78],"Safety":[79],"Hardware":[80],"(MASH),":[81],"employed":[83],"analysis.":[86],"simulations":[88],"incorporated":[89],"airbag":[90],"models,":[91],"seatbelt":[92],"restraint":[93],"systems,":[94],"Hybrid":[97],"III":[98],"50th":[99],"percentile":[100],"adult":[101],"male":[102],"dummy.":[103],"investigations":[105],"focused":[106],"evaluating":[108],"vehicle":[112],"occupants":[113,182],"32":[115],"impact":[116,127],"scenarios":[117],"under":[119],"MASH":[120],"Test":[121],"Level":[122],"1":[123],"(with":[125],"an":[126],"speed":[128],"50":[130],"km/h).":[131],"simulation":[133],"results":[134],"provided":[135],"insights":[136],"into":[137,157],"occupant":[138,160],"risk":[139,177],"determined":[141],"primary":[143],"failure":[144],"mode":[145],"No":[149],"components":[150],"found":[155],"intruding":[156],"vehicle\u2019s":[159],"compartment.":[161],"For":[162],"all":[163],"considered":[164,186],"cases,":[165],"factors":[168],"remained":[169],"within":[170],"allowable":[171],"limits,":[172],"indicating":[173],"only":[174],"marginal":[176],"injury":[180],"to":[181],"posed":[183],"by":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
