{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405934130","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computation13010004","title":"A Hybrid Model for Soybean Yield Prediction Integrating Convolutional Neural Networks, Recurrent Neural Networks, and Graph Convolutional Networks","display_name":"A Hybrid Model for Soybean Yield Prediction Integrating Convolutional Neural Networks, Recurrent Neural Networks, and Graph Convolutional Networks","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405934130","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computation13010004"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/computation13010004","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computation13010004","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3197/13/1/4/pdf?version=1735313864","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738402919","display_name":"Computation","issn_l":"2079-3197","issn":["2079-3197"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3197/13/1/4/pdf?version=1735313864","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115719805","display_name":"Vikram S. Ingole","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6848-889X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I244572783","display_name":"Symbiosis International University","ror":"https://ror.org/005r2ww51","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I244572783"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vikram S. Ingole","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Shri Sant Gajanan Maharaj College of Engineeing, Shegaon 444203, Maharashtra, India","Symbiosis Institute of Technology (SIT), Symbiosis International (Deemed University) (SIU), Lavale, Pune 412115, Maharashtra, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6848-889X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Shri Sant Gajanan Maharaj College of Engineeing, Shegaon 444203, Maharashtra, India","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Symbiosis Institute of Technology (SIT), Symbiosis International (Deemed University) (SIU), Lavale, Pune 412115, Maharashtra, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I244572783"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018001000","display_name":"Ujwala Kshirsagar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8244-3726"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I244572783","display_name":"Symbiosis International University","ror":"https://ror.org/005r2ww51","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I244572783"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ujwala A. Kshirsagar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Symbiosis Institute of Technology (SIT), Symbiosis International (Deemed University) (SIU), Lavale, Pune 412115, Maharashtra, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8244-3726","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Symbiosis Institute of Technology (SIT), Symbiosis International (Deemed University) (SIU), Lavale, Pune 412115, Maharashtra, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I244572783"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088845810","display_name":"Vikash Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9330-5572"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I164861460","display_name":"Manipal Academy of Higher Education","ror":"https://ror.org/02xzytt36","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Vikash Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Instrumentation and Control Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India","Department of Instrumentation and Control Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9330-5572","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Instrumentation and Control Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Instrumentation and Control Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030794775","display_name":"Manish Varun Yadav","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1608-2376"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I164861460","display_name":"Manipal Academy of Higher Education","ror":"https://ror.org/02xzytt36","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Manish Varun Yadav","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Aeronautical & Automobile Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India","Department of Aeronautical & Automobile Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1608-2376","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Aeronautical & Automobile Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Aeronautical & Automobile Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064591369","display_name":"Bipin Krishna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4221-2071"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I164861460","display_name":"Manipal Academy of Higher Education","ror":"https://ror.org/02xzytt36","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bipin Krishna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Instrumentation and Control Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India","Department of Instrumentation and Control Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4221-2071","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Instrumentation and Control Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Instrumentation and Control Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026087527","display_name":"Roshan Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4945-0366"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173899330","display_name":"Henan University","ror":"https://ror.org/003xyzq10","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173899330"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roshan Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Information Technology, Miami College, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Information Technology, Miami College, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173899330"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018001000","https://openalex.org/A5030794775","https://openalex.org/A5088845810"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164861460","https://openalex.org/I244572783"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":2.0446,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85871886,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"1","first_page":"4","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.8544999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.8544999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.8366000056266785,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12571","display_name":"Soybean genetics and cultivation","score":0.8226000070571899,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7319537401199341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6216927766799927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.5567064881324768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recurrent-neural-network","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","score":0.553174614906311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5187723636627197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/yield","display_name":"Yield (engineering)","score":0.5006163120269775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.37738022208213806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.35316240787506104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.2699667811393738}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7319537401199341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6216927766799927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.5567064881324768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147168706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1457734","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","level":3,"score":0.553174614906311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5187723636627197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134121241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899301","display_name":"Yield (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5006163120269775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.37738022208213806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.35316240787506104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.2699667811393738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/computation13010004","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computation13010004","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3197/13/1/4/pdf?version=1735313864","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738402919","display_name":"Computation","issn_l":"2079-3197","issn":["2079-3197"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:030f2d64809b4b3bb48077ceeced2b49","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/030f2d64809b4b3bb48077ceeced2b49","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computation, Vol 13, Iss 1, p 4 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/computation13010004","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computation13010004","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3197/13/1/4/pdf?version=1735313864","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738402919","display_name":"Computation","issn_l":"2079-3197","issn":["2079-3197"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.7400000095367432,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4405934130.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3093409776","https://openalex.org/W4226493498","https://openalex.org/W4243372864","https://openalex.org/W4285270882","https://openalex.org/W4285292840","https://openalex.org/W4285310640","https://openalex.org/W4294643377","https://openalex.org/W4311081121","https://openalex.org/W4312287747","https://openalex.org/W4312359194","https://openalex.org/W4313584940","https://openalex.org/W4313886952","https://openalex.org/W4319878820","https://openalex.org/W4319993393","https://openalex.org/W4320015750","https://openalex.org/W4321021166","https://openalex.org/W4377233702","https://openalex.org/W4385819996","https://openalex.org/W4386590670","https://openalex.org/W4386608907","https://openalex.org/W4389169570","https://openalex.org/W4389610384","https://openalex.org/W4390014124","https://openalex.org/W4391791483","https://openalex.org/W4392908057","https://openalex.org/W4394966907","https://openalex.org/W4398144714","https://openalex.org/W4399126389","https://openalex.org/W4403214784"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4225394202","https://openalex.org/W4298287631","https://openalex.org/W2953061907","https://openalex.org/W1847088711","https://openalex.org/W3036642985","https://openalex.org/W3032952384","https://openalex.org/W3017902212","https://openalex.org/W2964335273","https://openalex.org/W2982145560","https://openalex.org/W2969450769"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Soybean":[0],"yield":[1,44,179,269,283,312],"prediction":[2,184,270,284],"is":[3],"one":[4],"of":[5,24,64,108,132,264,279,292,317,331],"the":[6,62,92,112,115,130,166,175,183,190,236,277,280,290,315,329,332],"most":[7],"critical":[8,232],"activities":[9],"for":[10,177,193,268],"increasing":[11],"agricultural":[12],"productivity":[13],"and":[14,31,43,59,71,91,119,141,152,155,173,188,217,299,309,325],"ensuring":[15],"food":[16],"security.":[17],"Traditional":[18],"models":[19],"often":[20],"underestimate":[21],"yields":[22],"because":[23],"limitations":[25],"associated":[26],"with":[27,209,321],"single":[28],"data":[29,82,87,102,246,294],"sources":[30,103],"simplistic":[32],"model":[33,168,204],"architectures.":[34,303],"These":[35],"prevent":[36],"complex,":[37],"multifaceted":[38],"factors":[39,110],"influencing":[40],"crop":[41,84],"growth":[42],"from":[45],"being":[46],"captured.":[47],"In":[48,274],"this":[49,51,275],"line,":[50],"work":[52],"fuses":[53],"multi-source":[54,293],"data\u2014satellite":[55],"imagery,":[56],"weather":[57,86],"data,":[58],"soil":[60,93],"properties\u2014through":[61],"approach":[63],"multi-modal":[65],"fusion":[66,316],"using":[67,136],"Convolutional":[68,138,143,318],"Neural":[69,73,214,319,323],"Networks":[70,139,144,215,320,324,327],"Recurrent":[72,322],"Networks.":[74],"While":[75],"satellite":[76],"imagery":[77],"provides":[78,88,305],"information":[79],"on":[80,231],"spatial":[81,171,226],"regarding":[83],"health,":[85],"temporal":[89,162],"insights,":[90],"properties":[94],"provide":[95],"important":[96],"fertility":[97],"information.":[98],"Fusing":[99],"these":[100],"heterogeneous":[101],"embeds":[104],"an":[105,261],"overall":[106],"understanding":[107],"yield-determining":[109],"in":[111,282],"model,":[113],"decreasing":[114],"RMSE":[116],"by":[117,122,135,186,197,229,272],"15%":[118],"improving":[120],"R2":[121,267],"20%":[123],"over":[124],"single-source":[125],"models.":[126],"We":[127],"further":[128],"push":[129],"frontier":[131],"feature":[133,227,253,297],"engineering":[134],"Temporal":[137],"(TCNs)":[140],"Graph":[142,213,326],"(GCNs)":[145],"to":[146,289],"capture":[147,160],"time":[148],"series":[149],"trends,":[150],"geographic":[151],"topological":[153],"information,":[154],"pest/disease":[156],"incidence.":[157],"TCNs":[158],"can":[159,250],"long-range":[161],"dependencies":[163],"well,":[164],"while":[165,235,266],"GCN":[167],"has":[169,285],"complex":[170,243],"relationships":[172],"enhanced":[174],"features":[176],"making":[178],"predictions.":[180],"This":[181,304],"increases":[182],"accuracy":[185],"10%":[187],"boosts":[189],"F1":[191],"score":[192],"low-yield":[194],"area":[195],"identification":[196],"5%.":[198],"Additionally,":[199],"we":[200],"introduce":[201],"other":[202],"improved":[203],"architectures:":[205],"a":[206,306],"custom":[207],"UNet":[208],"attention":[210,221],"mechanisms,":[211],"Heterogeneous":[212],"(HGNNs),":[216],"Variational":[218],"Auto-encoders.":[219],"The":[220],"mechanism":[222],"enables":[223],"more":[224,307],"effective":[225],"encoding":[228],"focusing":[230],"image":[233],"regions,":[234],"HGNN":[237],"captures":[238],"interaction":[239],"patterns":[240],"that":[241],"are":[242],"between":[244],"diverse":[245],"types.":[247],"Finally,":[248],"VAEs":[249],"generate":[251],"robust":[252],"representation.":[254],"Such":[255],"state-of-the-art":[256],"architectures":[257],"could":[258],"then":[259],"achieve":[260],"MAE":[262],"improvement":[263],"12%,":[265],"improves":[271],"25%.":[273],"paper,":[276],"state":[278],"art":[281],"been":[286],"advanced":[287,300],"due":[288],"employment":[291],"fusion,":[295],"sophisticated":[296],"engineering,":[298],"neural":[301],"network":[302],"accurate":[308],"reliable":[310],"soybean":[311],"forecast.":[313],"Thus,":[314],"enhances":[328],"efficiency":[330],"detection":[333],"process.":[334]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-06-17T08:01:34.144755","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
