{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392914548","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computation12030059","title":"Personalized Tourist Recommender System: A Data-Driven and Machine-Learning Approach","display_name":"Personalized Tourist Recommender System: A Data-Driven and Machine-Learning Approach","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-03-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392914548","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computation12030059"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/computation12030059","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computation12030059","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3197/12/3/59/pdf?version=1710772047","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738402919","display_name":"Computation","issn_l":"2079-3197","issn":["2079-3197"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3197/12/3/59/pdf?version=1710772047","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016893501","display_name":"Deepanjal Shrestha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0066-2536"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151104398","display_name":"Pokhara University","ror":"https://ror.org/02dayf324","country_code":"NP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151104398"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN","NP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Deepanjal Shrestha","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Business, Pokhara University, Pokhara 33700, Nepal","School of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0066-2536","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Business, Pokhara University, Pokhara 33700, Nepal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151104398"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Tan Wenan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tan Wenan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031843656","display_name":"Deepmala Shrestha","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151104398","display_name":"Pokhara University","ror":"https://ror.org/02dayf324","country_code":"NP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151104398"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN","NP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deepmala Shrestha","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Business, Pokhara University, Pokhara 33700, Nepal","School of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Business, Pokhara University, Pokhara 33700, Nepal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151104398"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008072642","display_name":"Neesha Rajkarnikar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151104398","display_name":"Pokhara University","ror":"https://ror.org/02dayf324","country_code":"NP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151104398"]}],"countries":["NP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neesha Rajkarnikar","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Business, Pokhara University, Pokhara 33700, Nepal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Business, Pokhara University, Pokhara 33700, Nepal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151104398"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053765122","display_name":"Seung-Ryul Jeong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110273157","display_name":"Kookmin University","ror":"https://ror.org/0049erg63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110273157"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Seung-Ryul Jeong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Business IT, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Business IT, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110273157"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016893501","https://openalex.org/A5053765122"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110273157","https://openalex.org/I151104398","https://openalex.org/I9842412"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":25.7787,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.995926,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"3","first_page":"59","last_page":"59"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10609","display_name":"Digital Marketing and Social Media","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10609","display_name":"Digital Marketing and Social Media","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10203","display_name":"Recommender Systems and Techniques","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10055","display_name":"Diverse Aspects of Tourism Research","score":0.9861000180244446,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recommender-system","display_name":"Recommender system","score":0.8052566051483154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tourism","display_name":"Tourism","score":0.735081672668457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7030059099197388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.6807281374931335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/categorical-variable","display_name":"Categorical variable","score":0.6442552804946899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/popularity","display_name":"Popularity","score":0.6143618822097778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6065086722373962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demographics","display_name":"Demographics","score":0.4939027428627014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranking","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","score":0.48381513357162476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lift","display_name":"Lift (data mining)","score":0.42720699310302734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.33902791142463684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.3271363377571106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.1420169174671173}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557471498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q554950","display_name":"Recommender system","level":2,"score":0.8052566051483154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18918823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49389","display_name":"Tourism","level":2,"score":0.735081672668457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7030059099197388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6807281374931335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5274069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2285707","display_name":"Categorical variable","level":2,"score":0.6442552804946899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1357284","display_name":"Popularity","level":2,"score":0.6143618822097778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6065086722373962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780084366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demographics","level":2,"score":0.4939027428627014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.48381513357162476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139002025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001212","display_name":"Lift (data mining)","level":2,"score":0.42720699310302734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.33902791142463684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.3271363377571106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1420169174671173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/computation12030059","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computation12030059","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3197/12/3/59/pdf?version=1710772047","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738402919","display_name":"Computation","issn_l":"2079-3197","issn":["2079-3197"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:eeecaf6504894a7fbdda6e09a460801c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/eeecaf6504894a7fbdda6e09a460801c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computation, Vol 12, Iss 3, p 59 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2079-3197/12/3/59/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computation12030059","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computation","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/computation12030059","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computation12030059","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3197/12/3/59/pdf?version=1710772047","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738402919","display_name":"Computation","issn_l":"2079-3197","issn":["2079-3197"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.6100000143051147}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313848","display_name":"Pokhara University","ror":"https://ror.org/02dayf324"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321253","display_name":"Kookmin University","ror":"https://ror.org/0049erg63"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324852","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392914548.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W281665770","https://openalex.org/W592995438","https://openalex.org/W1412447802","https://openalex.org/W1997136459","https://openalex.org/W2009724631","https://openalex.org/W2017254898","https://openalex.org/W2024748573","https://openalex.org/W2483514471","https://openalex.org/W2592414564","https://openalex.org/W2618416470","https://openalex.org/W2791914566","https://openalex.org/W2901567726","https://openalex.org/W2906186126","https://openalex.org/W2964069209","https://openalex.org/W2970078994","https://openalex.org/W2992055782","https://openalex.org/W3009397860","https://openalex.org/W3016700859","https://openalex.org/W3020464521","https://openalex.org/W3094991942","https://openalex.org/W3097819776","https://openalex.org/W3097904695","https://openalex.org/W3101443986","https://openalex.org/W3113045178","https://openalex.org/W3113439277","https://openalex.org/W3205709988","https://openalex.org/W4205651721","https://openalex.org/W4225922155","https://openalex.org/W4283319333","https://openalex.org/W4313472488","https://openalex.org/W4367597266","https://openalex.org/W4386135595"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2368605798","https://openalex.org/W2518037665","https://openalex.org/W2348524959","https://openalex.org/W2477036161","https://openalex.org/W2368049389","https://openalex.org/W2384861574","https://openalex.org/W4294565801","https://openalex.org/W2170801710","https://openalex.org/W2952704802","https://openalex.org/W2741781807"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,132,190],"study":[1,191],"introduces":[2],"a":[3,10,128,193],"data-driven":[4],"and":[5,27,36,47,54,61,70,89,114,168,183,196,204],"machine-learning":[6,74,117],"approach":[7],"to":[8,29,66,140,144,186],"design":[9],"personalized":[11,129],"tourist":[12,20],"recommendation":[13],"system":[14,176],"for":[15,33,95,200],"Nepal.":[16],"It":[17,170],"examines":[18],"key":[19],"attributes,":[21],"such":[22,82,107],"as":[23,83,108],"demographics,":[24],"behaviors,":[25],"preferences,":[26],"satisfaction,":[28],"develop":[30],"four":[31],"sub-models":[32],"data":[34,58],"collection":[35],"machine":[37],"learning.":[38],"A":[39,92],"structured":[40],"survey":[41],"is":[42,99,152,171,192],"conducted":[43],"with":[44,154],"2400":[45],"international":[46],"domestic":[48],"tourists,":[49],"featuring":[50],"28":[51],"major":[52],"questions":[53],"125":[55],"variables.":[56],"The":[57,116,149],"are":[59,64,78,124],"preprocessed,":[60],"significant":[62,198],"features":[63],"extracted":[65],"enhance":[67],"the":[68,73,146,164,174,201,205,212],"accuracy":[69],"efficiency":[71],"of":[72,208],"models.":[75],"These":[76],"models":[77,118],"evaluated":[79],"using":[80,127],"metrics":[81],"accuracy,":[84],"precision,":[85],"recall,":[86],"F-score,":[87],"ROC,":[88],"lift":[90],"curves.":[91],"comprehensive":[93],"database":[94],"Pokhara":[96],"City,":[97],"Nepal,":[98],"developed":[100],"from":[101],"various":[102],"sources":[103],"that":[104,173],"includes":[105],"attributes":[106],"location,":[109],"cost,":[110],"popularity,":[111],"rating,":[112],"ranking,":[113],"trend.":[115],"provide":[119],"intermediate":[120],"categorical":[121],"recommendations,":[122],"which":[123],"further":[125],"mapped":[126],"recommender":[130,157],"algorithm.":[131],"algorithm":[133],"makes":[134],"decisions":[135],"based":[136],"on":[137],"weights":[138],"assigned":[139],"each":[141],"decision":[142],"attribute":[143],"make":[145],"final":[147],"recommendations.":[148],"system\u2019s":[150],"performance":[151],"compared":[153],"other":[155],"popular":[156],"systems":[158],"implemented":[159],"by":[160],"TripAdvisor,":[161],"Google":[162],"Maps,":[163],"Nepal":[165,209],"tourism":[166,202,214],"website,":[167],"others.":[169],"found":[172],"proposed":[175],"surpasses":[177],"existing":[178],"ones,":[179],"offering":[180],"more":[181],"accurate":[182],"optimized":[184],"recommendations":[185],"visitors":[187],"in":[188,210],"Pokhara.":[189],"pioneering":[194],"one":[195],"holds":[197],"implications":[199],"industry":[203],"governing":[206],"sector":[207],"enhancing":[211],"overall":[213],"business.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-10T14:10:52.464848","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
