{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388628710","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computation11110225","title":"EEG-Based Classification of Spoken Words Using Machine Learning Approaches","display_name":"EEG-Based Classification of Spoken Words Using Machine Learning Approaches","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388628710","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computation11110225"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/computation11110225","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computation11110225","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3197/11/11/225/pdf?version=1699868063","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738402919","display_name":"Computation","issn_l":"2079-3197","issn":["2079-3197"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3197/11/11/225/pdf?version=1699868063","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010556056","display_name":"Denise Alonso-V\u00e1zquez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2061-6438"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98461037","display_name":"Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey","ror":"https://ror.org/03ayjn504","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98461037"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Denise Alonso-V\u00e1zquez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenier\u00eda y Ciencias, Monterrey 64849, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2061-6438","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenier\u00eda y Ciencias, Monterrey 64849, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98461037"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027535631","display_name":"Omar Mendoza-Montoya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4355-886X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98461037","display_name":"Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey","ror":"https://ror.org/03ayjn504","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98461037"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Omar Mendoza-Montoya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenier\u00eda y Ciencias, Monterrey 64849, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4355-886X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenier\u00eda y Ciencias, Monterrey 64849, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98461037"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039490021","display_name":"Ricardo Caraza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5780-0311"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98461037","display_name":"Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey","ror":"https://ror.org/03ayjn504","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98461037"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ricardo Caraza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey 64849, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey 64849, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98461037"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046446312","display_name":"H\u00e9ctor R. Mart\u00ednez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6585-1127"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98461037","display_name":"Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey","ror":"https://ror.org/03ayjn504","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98461037"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hector R. Martinez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey 64849, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey 64849, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98461037"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015038818","display_name":"Javier M. Antelis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3377-0813"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98461037","display_name":"Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey","ror":"https://ror.org/03ayjn504","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98461037"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Javier M. Antelis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenier\u00eda y Ciencias, Monterrey 64849, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3377-0813","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenier\u00eda y Ciencias, Monterrey 64849, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98461037"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015038818"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98461037"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":0.6848,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68796506,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"11","first_page":"225","last_page":"225"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.8513574600219727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.7186257839202881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6517114639282227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.574704110622406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.5644208788871765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.5308640599250793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.48391491174697876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain\u2013computer-interface","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","score":0.4380819797515869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pronunciation","display_name":"Pronunciation","score":0.4332085847854614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis","display_name":"Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","score":0.4161338210105896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.41225606203079224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.2778902053833008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.1401779055595398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.13227421045303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease","display_name":"Disease","score":0.08432638645172119}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.8513574600219727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.7186257839202881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6517114639282227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.574704110622406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.5644208788871765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.5308640599250793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.48391491174697876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173201364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897410","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","level":3,"score":0.4380819797515869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780844864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184377","display_name":"Pronunciation","level":2,"score":0.4332085847854614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780596555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206901","display_name":"Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","level":3,"score":0.4161338210105896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.41225606203079224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2778902053833008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.1401779055595398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.13227421045303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.08432638645172119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/computation11110225","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computation11110225","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3197/11/11/225/pdf?version=1699868063","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738402919","display_name":"Computation","issn_l":"2079-3197","issn":["2079-3197"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:27014fd9e5504952bdc0cfaa1b2e7ba1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/27014fd9e5504952bdc0cfaa1b2e7ba1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computation, Vol 11, Iss 11, p 225 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/computation11110225","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computation11110225","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3197/11/11/225/pdf?version=1699868063","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738402919","display_name":"Computation","issn_l":"2079-3197","issn":["2079-3197"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8600000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388628710.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1565746575","https://openalex.org/W1574830153","https://openalex.org/W1966389522","https://openalex.org/W1987709426","https://openalex.org/W2017144821","https://openalex.org/W2021503227","https://openalex.org/W2060623117","https://openalex.org/W2071063602","https://openalex.org/W2075647286","https://openalex.org/W2097171469","https://openalex.org/W2101234009","https://openalex.org/W2132360759","https://openalex.org/W2487770199","https://openalex.org/W2559463885","https://openalex.org/W2739095506","https://openalex.org/W2769268658","https://openalex.org/W2787894218","https://openalex.org/W2794480229","https://openalex.org/W2899038052","https://openalex.org/W2940585064","https://openalex.org/W2969959657","https://openalex.org/W3005190091","https://openalex.org/W3034958546","https://openalex.org/W3039212386","https://openalex.org/W3049410214","https://openalex.org/W3102455230","https://openalex.org/W3110005908","https://openalex.org/W3157504026","https://openalex.org/W3180220247","https://openalex.org/W3183752884","https://openalex.org/W3186386255","https://openalex.org/W3196221522","https://openalex.org/W3198923947","https://openalex.org/W3203945277","https://openalex.org/W3205392914","https://openalex.org/W3214048248","https://openalex.org/W4206186876","https://openalex.org/W4211049628","https://openalex.org/W4220946819","https://openalex.org/W4224943994","https://openalex.org/W4245055982","https://openalex.org/W4283319182","https://openalex.org/W4285404384","https://openalex.org/W4293193411","https://openalex.org/W4311403349","https://openalex.org/W4318969462","https://openalex.org/W4375852195","https://openalex.org/W4385163913","https://openalex.org/W6675354045"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2070831599","https://openalex.org/W4206749202","https://openalex.org/W2048256717","https://openalex.org/W3202969339","https://openalex.org/W2393752460","https://openalex.org/W4237513258","https://openalex.org/W4292226083","https://openalex.org/W2938751847","https://openalex.org/W4387118726","https://openalex.org/W2059706093"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Amyotrophic":[0],"lateral":[1],"sclerosis":[2],"(ALS)":[3],"is":[4],"a":[5,85],"neurodegenerative":[6],"disease":[7],"that":[8],"affects":[9],"the":[10,14,23,32,50,64,144,153,161,168,179],"nerve":[11],"cells":[12],"in":[13,29,103,110,143,158,184],"brain":[15],"and":[16,82,139],"spinal":[17],"cord.":[18],"This":[19,57],"condition":[20],"leads":[21],"to":[22,34,48],"loss":[24],"of":[25,52,66,115,160,170],"motor":[26],"skills":[27],"and,":[28],"many":[30],"cases,":[31],"inability":[33],"speak.":[35],"Decoding":[36],"spoken":[37],"words":[38,109,128,174],"from":[39,100,175],"electroencephalography":[40],"(EEG)":[41],"signals":[42],"emerges":[43],"as":[44],"an":[45],"essential":[46],"tool":[47],"enhance":[49],"quality":[51],"life":[53],"for":[54,91,119,126,135,172,181],"these":[55],"patients.":[56],"study":[58],"compares":[59],"two":[60],"classification":[61,163],"techniques:":[62],"(1)":[63],"extraction":[65],"spectral":[67],"power":[68],"features":[69],"across":[70],"various":[71],"frequency":[72],"bands":[73],"combined":[74],"with":[75],"support":[76],"vector":[77],"machines":[78],"(PSD":[79],"+":[80,155],"SVM)":[81],"(2)":[83],"EEGNet,":[84],"convolutional":[86],"neural":[87],"network":[88],"specifically":[89],"designed":[90],"EEG-based":[92],"brain\u2013computer":[93],"interfaces.":[94],"An":[95],"EEG":[96,176],"dataset":[97],"was":[98],"acquired":[99],"32":[101],"electrodes":[102],"28":[104],"healthy":[105],"participants":[106],"pronouncing":[107],"five":[108],"Spanish.":[111],"Average":[112],"accuracy":[113],"rates":[114],"91.04":[116],"\u00b1":[117,124,133,141],"5.82%":[118],"Attention":[120],"vs.":[121,129,137],"Pronunciation,":[122],"73.91":[123],"10.04%":[125],"Short":[127],"Long":[130],"words,":[131],"81.23":[132],"10.47%":[134],"Word":[136],"Word,":[138],"54.87":[140],"14.51%":[142],"multiclass":[145],"scenario":[146],"(All":[147],"words)":[148],"were":[149],"achieved.":[150],"EEGNet":[151,171],"outperformed":[152],"PSD":[154],"SVM":[156],"method":[157],"three":[159],"four":[162],"scenarios.":[164],"These":[165],"findings":[166],"demonstrate":[167],"potential":[169],"decoding":[173],"signals,":[177],"laying":[178],"groundwork":[180],"future":[182],"research":[183],"ALS":[185],"patients":[186],"using":[187],"non-invasive":[188],"methods.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
