{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4384695081","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computation11070143","title":"Mathematical Modelling of Tuberculosis Outbreak in an East African Country Incorporating Vaccination and Treatment","display_name":"Mathematical Modelling of Tuberculosis Outbreak in an East African Country Incorporating Vaccination and Treatment","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4384695081","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computation11070143"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/computation11070143","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computation11070143","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3197/11/7/143/pdf?version=1689573184","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738402919","display_name":"Computation","issn_l":"2079-3197","issn":["2079-3197"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3197/11/7/143/pdf?version=1689573184","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007055130","display_name":"Kayode Oshinubi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4598-8510"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203172682","display_name":"Northern Arizona University","ror":"https://ror.org/0272j5188","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203172682"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kayode Oshinubi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4598-8510","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203172682"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052187039","display_name":"Olumuyiwa James Peter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9448-1164"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155186","display_name":"University of Medical Sciences, Ondo","ror":"https://ror.org/00q898q52","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387155186"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I904009604","display_name":"Olusegun Agagu University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01y98tt60","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904009604"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Olumuyiwa James Peter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo City PMB 536, Nigeria","Department of Mathematical and Computer Sciences, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo City PMB 536, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9448-1164","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo City PMB 536, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904009604","https://openalex.org/I4387155186"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematical and Computer Sciences, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo City PMB 536, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904009604","https://openalex.org/I4387155186"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001730771","display_name":"Emmanuel Addai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2159-6299"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9086337","display_name":"Taiyuan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03kv08d37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emmanuel Addai","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China","Department of Mathematics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2159-6299","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092493880","display_name":"Enock Mwizerwa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7439-9064"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112059","display_name":"African Institute for Mathematical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02w32z542","country_code":"RW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112059"]}],"countries":["RW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Enock Mwizerwa","raw_affiliation_strings":["African Institute for Mathematical Science, Kigali KN3, Rwanda"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7439-9064","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"African Institute for Mathematical Science, Kigali KN3, Rwanda","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112059"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059756733","display_name":"Oluwatosin Babasola","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9909-0434"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51601045","display_name":"University of Bath","ror":"https://ror.org/002h8g185","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51601045"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oluwatosin Babasola","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9909-0434","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51601045"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019086623","display_name":"Ifeoma Veronica Nwabufo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148561064","display_name":"African Institute for Mathematical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02f9k5d27","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148561064"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ifeoma Veronica Nwabufo","raw_affiliation_strings":["African Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Mbour BP 1418, Senegal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"African Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Mbour BP 1418, Senegal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148561064"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052143899","display_name":"Ibrahima Sane","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4392-0435"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3133343326","display_name":"Ziguinchor University","ror":"https://ror.org/01xprs690","country_code":"SN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3133343326"]}],"countries":["SN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ibrahima Sane","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departement de Mathematiques, Laboratoire Maths Appliquees, Universite Assane Seck de Ziguinchor, Ziguinchor 27000, Senegal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departement de Mathematiques, Laboratoire Maths Appliquees, Universite Assane Seck de Ziguinchor, Ziguinchor 27000, Senegal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133343326"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086083681","display_name":"Umar Muhammad Adam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4510-0369"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Umar Muhammad Adam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Federal University, Dutse F130, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4510-0369","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Federal University, Dutse F130, Nigeria","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001768105","display_name":"A. A. Adeniji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9027-626X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137616099","display_name":"Tshwane University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037mrss42","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137616099"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adejimi Adeniji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0083, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9027-626X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0083, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137616099"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006551313","display_name":"Janet O. Agbaje","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I917168660","display_name":"Montana Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ttqt747","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I917168660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Janet O. Agbaje","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematical Sciences, Montana Technological University, Butte, MT 59701, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematical Sciences, Montana Technological University, Butte, MT 59701, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I917168660"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":7,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5052187039"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387155186","https://openalex.org/I904009604"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":9.0545,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98885231,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"7","first_page":"143","last_page":"143"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10288","display_name":"Fractional Differential Equations Solutions","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2611","display_name":"Modeling and Simulation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10288","display_name":"Fractional Differential Equations Solutions","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2611","display_name":"Modeling and Simulation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10482","display_name":"Mathematical and Theoretical Epidemiology and Ecology Models","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10410","display_name":"COVID-19 epidemiological studies","score":0.9836000204086304,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2611","display_name":"Modeling and Simulation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outbreak","display_name":"Outbreak","score":0.6865410208702087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tuberculosis","display_name":"Tuberculosis","score":0.6672744750976562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/basic-reproduction-number","display_name":"Basic reproduction number","score":0.5606111884117126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.5218628644943237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uniqueness","display_name":"Uniqueness","score":0.5169278979301453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.5050283074378967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epidemic-model","display_name":"Epidemic model","score":0.4842364490032196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics","display_name":"Econometrics","score":0.4724422097206116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vaccination","display_name":"Vaccination","score":0.45799073576927185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bounded-function","display_name":"Bounded function","score":0.45407211780548096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4504547715187073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stability","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","score":0.42092081904411316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3294695019721985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.30509912967681885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virology","display_name":"Virology","score":0.16644442081451416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-health","display_name":"Environmental health","score":0.1567787230014801}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116675565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3241045","display_name":"Outbreak","level":2,"score":0.6865410208702087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781069245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12204","display_name":"Tuberculosis","level":2,"score":0.6672744750976562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204264503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901464","display_name":"Basic reproduction number","level":3,"score":0.5606111884117126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.5218628644943237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777021972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22976830","display_name":"Uniqueness","level":2,"score":0.5169278979301453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5050283074378967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1627819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2572354","display_name":"Epidemic model","level":3,"score":0.4842364490032196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.4724422097206116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22070199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192995","display_name":"Vaccination","level":2,"score":0.45799073576927185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34388435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267362","display_name":"Bounded function","level":2,"score":0.45407211780548096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4504547715187073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.42092081904411316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3294695019721985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.30509912967681885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.16644442081451416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.1567787230014801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/computation11070143","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computation11070143","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3197/11/7/143/pdf?version=1689573184","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738402919","display_name":"Computation","issn_l":"2079-3197","issn":["2079-3197"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a556629b913d404290145c6a9dcca9fe","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a556629b913d404290145c6a9dcca9fe","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computation, Vol 11, Iss 7, p 143 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2079-3197/11/7/143/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computation11070143","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computation; Volume 11; Issue 7; Pages: 143","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/computation11070143","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computation11070143","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3197/11/7/143/pdf?version=1689573184","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738402919","display_name":"Computation","issn_l":"2079-3197","issn":["2079-3197"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8299999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4384695081.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W32008101","https://openalex.org/W1966553738","https://openalex.org/W2063067239","https://openalex.org/W2094187171","https://openalex.org/W2118787988","https://openalex.org/W2130878567","https://openalex.org/W2265417715","https://openalex.org/W2520410115","https://openalex.org/W2543680495","https://openalex.org/W2556784265","https://openalex.org/W2602496407","https://openalex.org/W2808245757","https://openalex.org/W2837406763","https://openalex.org/W2963520255","https://openalex.org/W2963641381","https://openalex.org/W2971123681","https://openalex.org/W2977650876","https://openalex.org/W3024462055","https://openalex.org/W3046517238","https://openalex.org/W3082089300","https://openalex.org/W3103404004","https://openalex.org/W3156414577","https://openalex.org/W3163614790","https://openalex.org/W3202079253","https://openalex.org/W3205580725","https://openalex.org/W4210274926","https://openalex.org/W4212834885","https://openalex.org/W4221089140","https://openalex.org/W4224214794","https://openalex.org/W4238482345","https://openalex.org/W4283722343","https://openalex.org/W4292860151","https://openalex.org/W4297258939","https://openalex.org/W4298396048","https://openalex.org/W4313577268","https://openalex.org/W4321226583","https://openalex.org/W4367623932","https://openalex.org/W6601324157","https://openalex.org/W6693104500","https://openalex.org/W6730176618","https://openalex.org/W6810218065","https://openalex.org/W6842585296","https://openalex.org/W6842698127","https://openalex.org/W6843374557","https://openalex.org/W6844433889"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2291447000","https://openalex.org/W4320351350","https://openalex.org/W2230721379","https://openalex.org/W2376250553","https://openalex.org/W3138234900","https://openalex.org/W2356839139","https://openalex.org/W3113377908","https://openalex.org/W2397456551","https://openalex.org/W2032448025","https://openalex.org/W4293088316"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,134],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"develop":[4,25],"a":[5,21,26,88],"deterministic":[6,85,93],"mathematical":[7],"epidemic":[8],"model":[9,31,39,50,79,86,94,110,162],"for":[10,74,152,193],"tuberculosis":[11,77,160,203],"outbreaks":[12],"in":[13,20,117,133],"order":[14],"to":[15,87,97,105,129,143,167],"study":[16],"the":[17,30,35,38,49,55,59,63,84,112,115,118,122,126,145,157,164,169,179,198,205],"disease\u2019s":[18],"impact":[19,170],"given":[22],"population.":[23,207],"We":[24,155],"qualitative":[27],"analysis":[28,47,73,124],"of":[29,37,48,58,114,125,171,202],"by":[32,82],"showing":[33],"that":[34,149,186],"solution":[36],"is":[40,62,67,80,95,141],"positive":[41],"and":[42,54,71,103,173,189,200],"bounded.":[43],"The":[44,69,92,136],"global":[45],"stability":[46],"uses":[51],"Lyapunov":[52],"functions":[53],"threshold":[56],"quantity":[57],"model,":[60],"which":[61],"basic":[64],"reproduction":[65],"number":[66],"estimated.":[68],"existence":[70],"uniqueness":[72],"Caputo":[75,89,158],"fractional":[76,159],"outbreak":[78,161],"presented":[81],"transforming":[83],"sense":[90],"model.":[91],"used":[96,142],"predict":[98],"real":[99],"data":[100],"from":[101],"Uganda":[102],"Rwanda":[104],"see":[106],"how":[107],"well":[108,177],"our":[109,183],"captured":[111],"dynamics":[113],"disease":[116,180],"countries":[119],"considered.":[120],"Furthermore,":[121],"sensitivity":[123,139],"parameters":[127],"according":[128],"R0":[130],"was":[131],"considered":[132],"study.":[135],"normalised":[137],"forward":[138],"index":[140],"determine":[144],"most":[146],"sensitive":[147],"variables":[148],"are":[150],"important":[151],"infection":[153],"control.":[154],"simulate":[156],"using":[163],"Adams\u2013Bashforth\u2013Moulton":[165],"approach":[166],"investigate":[168],"treatment":[172,191],"vaccine":[174],"rates,":[175],"as":[176,178],"trajectory.":[181],"Overall,":[182],"findings":[184],"imply":[185],"increasing":[187],"vaccination":[188],"especially":[190],"availability":[192],"infected":[194],"people":[195],"can":[196],"reduce":[197],"prevalence":[199],"burden":[201],"on":[204],"human":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2023-07-20T00:00:00"}