{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4288447045","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computation10080130","title":"Understanding Clinical Reasoning through Visual Scanpath and Brain Activity Analysis","display_name":"Understanding Clinical Reasoning through Visual Scanpath and Brain Activity Analysis","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4288447045","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computation10080130"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/computation10080130","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computation10080130","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3197/10/8/130/pdf?version=1659931393","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738402919","display_name":"Computation","issn_l":"2079-3197","issn":["2079-3197"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3197/10/8/130/pdf?version=1659931393","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059269994","display_name":"Im\u00e8ne Jraidi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1882-4836"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5023651","display_name":"McGill University","ror":"https://ror.org/01pxwe438","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Im\u00e8ne Jraidi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1Y2, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1Y2, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088390625","display_name":"Maher Chaouachi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8703-3208"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5023651","display_name":"McGill University","ror":"https://ror.org/01pxwe438","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maher Chaouachi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1Y2, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1Y2, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025293015","display_name":"Asma Ben Khedher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1777-4494"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70931966","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/0161xgx34","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Asma Ben Khedher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Operations Research, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Operations Research, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079114117","display_name":"Susanne P. Lajoie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2814-3962"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5023651","display_name":"McGill University","ror":"https://ror.org/01pxwe438","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Susanne P. Lajoie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1Y2, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1Y2, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060693139","display_name":"Claude Frasson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70931966","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/0161xgx34","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claude Frasson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Operations Research, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Operations Research, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059269994"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":1.0676,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75752955,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"8","first_page":"130","last_page":"130"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12574","display_name":"Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2714","display_name":"Family Practice"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12574","display_name":"Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2714","display_name":"Family Practice"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11516","display_name":"Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes","score":0.9922999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9868000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking","display_name":"Eye tracking","score":0.6223669648170471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaze","display_name":"Gaze","score":0.5855684876441956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5804423689842224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.5232492685317993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workload","display_name":"Workload","score":0.47741878032684326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.46279382705688477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amnesia","display_name":"Amnesia","score":0.4557915925979614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.4380432367324829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.4280010759830475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3970780372619629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.33351337909698486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3325633406639099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.32207149267196655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.09076276421546936}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.6223669648170471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779916870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14467155","display_name":"Gaze","level":2,"score":0.5855684876441956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5804423689842224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.5232492685317993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778476105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628539","display_name":"Workload","level":2,"score":0.47741878032684326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.46279382705688477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778615406","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11072","display_name":"Amnesia","level":2,"score":0.4557915925979614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4380432367324829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.4280010759830475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3970780372619629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.33351337909698486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3325633406639099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.32207149267196655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.09076276421546936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/computation10080130","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computation10080130","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3197/10/8/130/pdf?version=1659931393","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738402919","display_name":"Computation","issn_l":"2079-3197","issn":["2079-3197"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8681c3015410423ab6955b94908cbb08","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8681c3015410423ab6955b94908cbb08","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computation, Vol 10, Iss 8, p 130 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2079-3197/10/8/130/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computation10080130","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computation; Volume 10; Issue 8; Pages: 130","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/computation10080130","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computation10080130","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3197/10/8/130/pdf?version=1659931393","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738402919","display_name":"Computation","issn_l":"2079-3197","issn":["2079-3197"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8199999928474426}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4288447045.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4288447045.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":99,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W55018851","https://openalex.org/W59536255","https://openalex.org/W1502751685","https://openalex.org/W1623227340","https://openalex.org/W1964488211","https://openalex.org/W1967952393","https://openalex.org/W1969702465","https://openalex.org/W1974656476","https://openalex.org/W1979454848","https://openalex.org/W1986790392","https://openalex.org/W1991798276","https://openalex.org/W1992350651","https://openalex.org/W1993970157","https://openalex.org/W2003554962","https://openalex.org/W2004405522","https://openalex.org/W2008060633","https://openalex.org/W2013785827","https://openalex.org/W2015831141","https://openalex.org/W2023521272","https://openalex.org/W2024067166","https://openalex.org/W2024806371","https://openalex.org/W2029517603","https://openalex.org/W2043736971","https://openalex.org/W2044195410","https://openalex.org/W2049174585","https://openalex.org/W2078799042","https://openalex.org/W2086415200","https://openalex.org/W2087064593","https://openalex.org/W2102192235","https://openalex.org/W2107796875","https://openalex.org/W2108566571","https://openalex.org/W2114169128","https://openalex.org/W2115226476","https://openalex.org/W2126707560","https://openalex.org/W2137126279","https://openalex.org/W2137802351","https://openalex.org/W2141047785","https://openalex.org/W2156037038","https://openalex.org/W2156964236","https://openalex.org/W2157289187","https://openalex.org/W2169669052","https://openalex.org/W2293517131","https://openalex.org/W2316066316","https://openalex.org/W2405145519","https://openalex.org/W2485075409","https://openalex.org/W2490896418","https://openalex.org/W2518705796","https://openalex.org/W2519473699","https://openalex.org/W2522862429","https://openalex.org/W2529175250","https://openalex.org/W2543334305","https://openalex.org/W2559934671","https://openalex.org/W2570209083","https://openalex.org/W2580010825","https://openalex.org/W2591818083","https://openalex.org/W2615989504","https://openalex.org/W2732301027","https://openalex.org/W2742396379","https://openalex.org/W2782867311","https://openalex.org/W2786829426","https://openalex.org/W2793977096","https://openalex.org/W2794783191","https://openalex.org/W2801955810","https://openalex.org/W2809671009","https://openalex.org/W2883197651","https://openalex.org/W2891392316","https://openalex.org/W2899436598","https://openalex.org/W2910271335","https://openalex.org/W2913729783","https://openalex.org/W2914415312","https://openalex.org/W2914458727","https://openalex.org/W2979584271","https://openalex.org/W2987628936","https://openalex.org/W2989702233","https://openalex.org/W3013892684","https://openalex.org/W3038328847","https://openalex.org/W3082306761","https://openalex.org/W3092000568","https://openalex.org/W3158841551","https://openalex.org/W3175965967","https://openalex.org/W3181732594","https://openalex.org/W3210563309","https://openalex.org/W4211049957","https://openalex.org/W4220701811","https://openalex.org/W4223434129","https://openalex.org/W4224254838","https://openalex.org/W4230277160","https://openalex.org/W4247684309","https://openalex.org/W4256267359","https://openalex.org/W6602235344","https://openalex.org/W6609374501","https://openalex.org/W6630930826","https://openalex.org/W6652332159","https://openalex.org/W6696909130","https://openalex.org/W6727764805","https://openalex.org/W6749394636","https://openalex.org/W6770294429","https://openalex.org/W6794652341","https://openalex.org/W6921890551"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1880689012","https://openalex.org/W986318368","https://openalex.org/W2000785801","https://openalex.org/W3014378845","https://openalex.org/W2384410913","https://openalex.org/W2352878646","https://openalex.org/W4240909707","https://openalex.org/W2161294397","https://openalex.org/W2012644758","https://openalex.org/W2047559669"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"an":[3],"experimental":[4],"study":[5],"that":[6,46],"analyzes":[7],"learners\u2019":[8,66,75,89],"visual":[9,67],"behaviour":[10],"and":[11,26,69,95,108,110],"brain":[12],"activity":[13],"in":[14],"clinical":[15,120],"reasoning.":[16],"An":[17],"acquisition":[18],"protocol":[19],"was":[20],"defined":[21],"to":[22,64,73,116],"record":[23],"eye":[24],"tracking":[25],"EEG":[27,109],"data":[28,63],"from":[29],"15":[30],"participants":[31],"as":[32],"they":[33,56],"interact":[34],"with":[35],"a":[36,42],"computer-based":[37],"learning":[38],"environment":[39],"called":[40],"Amnesia,":[41],"medical":[43],"simulation":[44],"system":[45],"assesses":[47],"the":[48,102],"analytical":[49],"skills":[50],"of":[51,119],"novice":[52],"medicine":[53],"students":[54],"while":[55],"solve":[57],"patient":[58],"cases.":[59],"We":[60,82],"use":[61],"gaze":[62,105],"assess":[65],"focus":[68],"present":[70],"our":[71,85,112],"methodology":[72,86],"track":[74],"reasoning":[76,122],"process":[77],"through":[78],"scanpath":[79],"pattern":[80],"analysis.":[81],"also":[83],"describe":[84],"for":[87],"examining":[88],"cognitive":[90],"states":[91],"using":[92],"mental":[93],"engagement":[94],"workload":[96],"neural":[97],"indexes.":[98],"Finally,":[99],"we":[100],"discuss":[101],"relationship":[103],"between":[104],"path":[106],"information":[107],"how":[111],"analyses":[113],"can":[114],"lead":[115],"new":[117],"forms":[118],"diagnostic":[121],"assessment.":[123]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
