{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413989233","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc9090230","title":"Analysis of the Effect of Attention Mechanism on the Accuracy of Deep Learning Models for Fake News Detection","display_name":"Analysis of the Effect of Attention Mechanism on the Accuracy of Deep Learning Models for Fake News Detection","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413989233","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc9090230"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/bdcc9090230","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc9090230","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238752","display_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","issn_l":"2504-2289","issn":["2504-2289"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc9090230","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057365557","display_name":"Krist\u00edna Machov\u00e1","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7741-4039"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183764125","display_name":"Technical University of Ko\u0161ice","ror":"https://ror.org/05xm08015","country_code":"SK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183764125"]}],"countries":["SK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Krist\u00edna Machov\u00e1","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cybernetics and Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Technical University of Kosice, Letna 9, 042 00 Kosice, Slovakia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cybernetics and Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Technical University of Kosice, Letna 9, 042 00 Kosice, Slovakia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183764125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009091781","display_name":"Mari\u00e1n Mach","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7612-9204"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183764125","display_name":"Technical University of Ko\u0161ice","ror":"https://ror.org/05xm08015","country_code":"SK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183764125"]}],"countries":["SK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mari\u00e1n Mach","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cybernetics and Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Technical University of Kosice, Letna 9, 042 00 Kosice, Slovakia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cybernetics and Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Technical University of Kosice, Letna 9, 042 00 Kosice, Slovakia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183764125"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093239724","display_name":"Viliam Balara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0185-5667"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183764125","display_name":"Technical University of Ko\u0161ice","ror":"https://ror.org/05xm08015","country_code":"SK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183764125"]}],"countries":["SK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Viliam Balara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cybernetics and Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Technical University of Kosice, Letna 9, 042 00 Kosice, Slovakia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cybernetics and Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Technical University of Kosice, Letna 9, 042 00 Kosice, Slovakia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183764125"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057365557"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183764125"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.35864616,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"9","first_page":"230","last_page":"230"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9785000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.944100022315979,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanism","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","score":0.7718596458435059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fake-news","display_name":"Fake news","score":0.47459694743156433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4711258113384247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.4551536738872528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.45123156905174255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.42292261123657227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3919926583766937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.09836587309837341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.09497156739234924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.08326765894889832}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.7718596458435059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779756789","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28549308","display_name":"Fake news","level":2,"score":0.47459694743156433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4711258113384247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.4551536738872528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.45123156905174255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.42292261123657227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3919926583766937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.09836587309837341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.09497156739234924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.08326765894889832}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/bdcc9090230","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc9090230","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238752","display_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","issn_l":"2504-2289","issn":["2504-2289"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:db15441458cd4e0fbebb10e4fbb2e16c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/db15441458cd4e0fbebb10e4fbb2e16c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing, Vol 9, Iss 9, p 230 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/bdcc9090230","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc9090230","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238752","display_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","issn_l":"2504-2289","issn":["2504-2289"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7999996730","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"APVV-22-0414","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323251","funder_display_name":"Agent\u00fara na Podporu V\u00fdskumu a V\u00fdvoja"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323251","display_name":"Agent\u00fara na Podporu V\u00fdskumu a V\u00fdvoja","ror":"https://ror.org/037nx0e70"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2742330194","https://openalex.org/W2791544114","https://openalex.org/W2885195348","https://openalex.org/W2913146885","https://openalex.org/W2925285378","https://openalex.org/W2963608065","https://openalex.org/W3016921356","https://openalex.org/W3119467012","https://openalex.org/W3120502588","https://openalex.org/W3135847933","https://openalex.org/W3137986835","https://openalex.org/W3146366485","https://openalex.org/W3148001275","https://openalex.org/W3158831720","https://openalex.org/W3168667219","https://openalex.org/W3200286571","https://openalex.org/W3212386989","https://openalex.org/W4205220907","https://openalex.org/W4212926012","https://openalex.org/W4226365282","https://openalex.org/W4281898186","https://openalex.org/W4295846679","https://openalex.org/W4323313027","https://openalex.org/W4366775495","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4388099454","https://openalex.org/W4402597487","https://openalex.org/W4405987900","https://openalex.org/W4407301416"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2731899572","https://openalex.org/W3215138031","https://openalex.org/W3009238340","https://openalex.org/W4360585206","https://openalex.org/W4321369474","https://openalex.org/W4285208911","https://openalex.org/W3082895349","https://openalex.org/W4213079790","https://openalex.org/W2248239756","https://openalex.org/W3086377361"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,25,59,102,175,255],"main":[1],"objective":[2],"of":[3,12,19,61,68,73,78,90,95,108,133,141,156,171,190,203,223,230],"the":[4,10,17,62,66,96,106,111,119,128,139,149,154,164,169,172,183,188,196,206,221,226,231,240,246,251],"paper":[5,63,103],"is":[6,258],"to":[7,71,124,193,238,270],"verify":[8],"whether":[9],"integration":[11],"attention":[13,69,142,150,191,247,253,260],"mechanisms":[14,70,261],"could":[15],"improve":[16],"effectiveness":[18],"online":[20,112],"fake":[21,160,264],"news":[22,161,265],"detection":[23,97,266],"models.":[24],"models":[26,158,194,244],"were":[27,35,218],"training":[28],"using":[29],"selected":[30],"deep":[31,135],"learning":[32,136],"methods,":[33],"which":[34],"suitable":[36],"for":[37,159,177],"text":[38],"processing,":[39],"such":[40],"as":[41],"CNN":[42],"(Convolutional":[43],"Neural":[44],"Network),":[45],"LSTM":[46],"(Lon-short":[47],"Term":[48],"Memory),":[49],"BiLSTM":[50],"(Bidirectional":[51],"LSTM),":[52],"GRU":[53],"(Gated":[54],"Recurrent":[55],"Unit),":[56],"and":[57,76,85,114,122,138,211],"transformer.":[58,228],"novelty":[60],"lies":[64],"in":[65,93,110,168,182],"addition":[67,189],"each":[72],"those":[74],"models,":[75],"comparison":[77],"their":[79],"performance":[80,98,267],"across":[81],"both":[82],"datasets,":[83],"LIAR":[84,173],"WELFake.":[86],"Afterwards,":[87],"an":[88],"analysis":[89],"resulting":[91],"changes":[92],"terms":[94],"was":[99,146,209,214],"carried":[100],"out.":[101],"also":[104],"describes":[105],"issue":[107],"toxicity":[109,120],"space":[113],"how":[115],"it":[116,145,235],"affects":[117],"society,":[118],"sources,":[121],"methods":[123,137],"tackle":[125],"it.":[126],"Furthermore,":[127],"article":[129],"provides":[130],"a":[131,200],"description":[132],"individual":[134],"principles":[140],"mechanism.":[143,254],"Finally,":[144],"shown":[147],"that":[148,234,259],"mechanism":[151,192],"can":[152,179,262],"increase":[153],"accuracy":[155,208],"basic":[157,241],"detection;":[162],"however,":[163],"differences":[165],"are":[166],"insignificant":[167],"case":[170],"dataset.":[174],"reason":[176],"this":[178],"be":[180],"found":[181],"dataset":[184,198],"itself.":[185],"In":[186],"contrast,":[187],"on":[195],"WELFake":[197],"showed":[199,233],"significant":[201],"improvement":[202],"results,":[204],"where":[205],"average":[207,212],"0.967":[210],"F1-rate":[213],"0.968.":[215],"These":[216],"results":[217,222,232],"better":[219],"than":[220],"experiments":[224],"with":[225,245,250],"simple":[227],"Comparison":[229],"makes":[236],"sense":[237],"enrich":[239],"neural":[242],"network":[243],"mechanisms,":[248],"especially":[249],"multi-head":[252],"key":[256],"finding":[257],"enhance":[263],"when":[268],"applied":[269],"high-quality,":[271],"well-balanced":[272],"datasets.":[273]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-02-27T16:54:17.756197","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}