{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403137698","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc8100129","title":"Exploiting Content Characteristics for Explainable Detection of Fake News","display_name":"Exploiting Content Characteristics for Explainable Detection of Fake News","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-10-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403137698","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc8100129"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/bdcc8100129","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc8100129","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2504-2289/8/10/129/pdf?version=1728028593","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238752","display_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","issn_l":"2504-2289","issn":["2504-2289"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2504-2289/8/10/129/pdf?version=1728028593","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043543805","display_name":"Sergio Mu\u00f1oz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2070-8976"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88060688","display_name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03n6nwv02","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sergio Mu\u00f1oz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Systems Group, Telematic Systems Engineering Department, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Avenida Complutense 30, 28040 Madrid, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Systems Group, Telematic Systems Engineering Department, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Avenida Complutense 30, 28040 Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023155010","display_name":"Carlos \u00c1. Iglesias","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1755-2712"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88060688","display_name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03n6nwv02","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carlos \u00c1. Iglesias","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Systems Group, Telematic Systems Engineering Department, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Avenida Complutense 30, 28040 Madrid, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Systems Group, Telematic Systems Engineering Department, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Avenida Complutense 30, 28040 Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043543805"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":7.0242,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96754825,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"10","first_page":"129","last_page":"129"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9922999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13718","display_name":"Media Influence and Politics","score":0.9855999946594238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretability","display_name":"Interpretability","score":0.9564584493637085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7825765013694763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.6149968504905701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5712231397628784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5625823140144348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.5215670466423035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.48112550377845764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.08934736251831055}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.9564584493637085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7825765013694763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6149968504905701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5712231397628784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5625823140144348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.5215670466423035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.48112550377845764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.08934736251831055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/bdcc8100129","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc8100129","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2504-2289/8/10/129/pdf?version=1728028593","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238752","display_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","issn_l":"2504-2289","issn":["2504-2289"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0051ba51cb3446de83d63a89d1097816","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0051ba51cb3446de83d63a89d1097816","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing, Vol 8, Iss 10, p 129 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/bdcc8100129","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc8100129","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2504-2289/8/10/129/pdf?version=1728028593","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238752","display_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","issn_l":"2504-2289","issn":["2504-2289"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4403137698.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":73,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2101234009","https://openalex.org/W2282821441","https://openalex.org/W2489406233","https://openalex.org/W2516338333","https://openalex.org/W2582561810","https://openalex.org/W2604264634","https://openalex.org/W2742330194","https://openalex.org/W2778443828","https://openalex.org/W2906971970","https://openalex.org/W2913738823","https://openalex.org/W2940195578","https://openalex.org/W2940914519","https://openalex.org/W2944575651","https://openalex.org/W2955692055","https://openalex.org/W2962862931","https://openalex.org/W2981194182","https://openalex.org/W2993145430","https://openalex.org/W3013565146","https://openalex.org/W3013743800","https://openalex.org/W3027522717","https://openalex.org/W3103912187","https://openalex.org/W3119467012","https://openalex.org/W3123417666","https://openalex.org/W3123448669","https://openalex.org/W3126709564","https://openalex.org/W3138953784","https://openalex.org/W3148001275","https://openalex.org/W3152478424","https://openalex.org/W3164846705","https://openalex.org/W3205958211","https://openalex.org/W3208159610","https://openalex.org/W3216370178","https://openalex.org/W4200539562","https://openalex.org/W4200561659","https://openalex.org/W4220928191","https://openalex.org/W4229373744","https://openalex.org/W4283771777","https://openalex.org/W4284973576","https://openalex.org/W4293100104","https://openalex.org/W4295855143","https://openalex.org/W4307907065","https://openalex.org/W4318043837","https://openalex.org/W4321373414","https://openalex.org/W4366090965","https://openalex.org/W4368340926","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4385384125","https://openalex.org/W4385458448","https://openalex.org/W4385570228","https://openalex.org/W4387640635","https://openalex.org/W4387958561","https://openalex.org/W4388673040","https://openalex.org/W4390590855","https://openalex.org/W4391253560","https://openalex.org/W4392028776","https://openalex.org/W4392450795","https://openalex.org/W4395096810","https://openalex.org/W4400981615","https://openalex.org/W4402671673","https://openalex.org/W6675354045","https://openalex.org/W6736575291","https://openalex.org/W6737947904","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6775638701","https://openalex.org/W6777572547","https://openalex.org/W6779317912","https://openalex.org/W6792624057","https://openalex.org/W6849413198","https://openalex.org/W6852180726","https://openalex.org/W6853186493","https://openalex.org/W6860390033","https://openalex.org/W6865216035","https://openalex.org/W7028551475"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2905433371","https://openalex.org/W2888392564","https://openalex.org/W4310278675","https://openalex.org/W4388422664","https://openalex.org/W4390569940","https://openalex.org/W4361193272","https://openalex.org/W2963326959","https://openalex.org/W4388685194","https://openalex.org/W4312407344","https://openalex.org/W1986582023"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"proliferation":[1],"of":[2,8,47,76,120,181],"fake":[3,77,111,190],"news":[4,78,191],"threatens":[5],"the":[6,44,72,117,169,179],"integrity":[7],"information":[9],"ecosystems,":[10],"creating":[11],"a":[12,82],"pressing":[13],"need":[14],"for":[15],"effective":[16],"and":[17,59,74,94,112,129,132,188],"interpretable":[18,182],"detection":[19,118,192],"mechanisms.":[20],"Recent":[21],"advances":[22],"in":[23,173],"machine":[24],"learning,":[25],"particularly":[26],"with":[27,157],"transformer-based":[28,151],"models,":[29,152],"offer":[30],"promising":[31],"solutions":[32,49],"due":[33,53],"to":[34,38,54,70,89,106,184],"their":[35,55],"superior":[36],"ability":[37],"analyze":[39,133],"complex":[40],"language":[41],"patterns.":[42],"However,":[43],"practical":[45],"implementation":[46],"these":[48,121],"often":[50],"presents":[51],"challenges":[52],"high":[56],"computational":[57,160],"costs":[58],"limited":[60],"interpretability.":[61],"In":[62],"this":[63],"work,":[64],"we":[65],"explore":[66],"using":[67,123],"content-based":[68],"features":[69,122,172,183],"enhance":[71],"explainability":[73],"effectiveness":[75],"detection.":[79],"We":[80,115,162],"propose":[81],"comprehensive":[83],"feature":[84,135],"framework":[85,98],"encompassing":[86],"characteristics":[87],"related":[88],"linguistic,":[90],"affective,":[91],"cognitive,":[92],"social,":[93],"contextual":[95],"processes.":[96],"This":[97,176],"is":[99],"evaluated":[100],"across":[101],"several":[102],"public":[103],"English":[104],"datasets":[105],"identify":[107],"key":[108],"differences":[109],"between":[110],"legitimate":[113],"news.":[114],"assess":[116],"performance":[119],"various":[124],"traditional":[125,145],"classifiers,":[126],"including":[127],"single":[128],"ensemble":[130],"methods":[131],"how":[134],"reduction":[136],"affects":[137],"classifier":[138],"performance.":[139],"Our":[140],"results":[141,156],"show":[142],"that,":[143],"while":[144],"classifiers":[146],"may":[147],"not":[148],"fully":[149],"match":[150],"they":[153],"achieve":[154],"competitive":[155],"significantly":[158],"lower":[159],"requirements.":[161],"also":[163],"provide":[164],"an":[165],"interpretability":[166],"analysis":[167],"highlighting":[168],"most":[170],"influential":[171],"classification":[174],"decisions.":[175],"study":[177],"demonstrates":[178],"potential":[180],"build":[185],"efficient,":[186],"explainable,":[187],"accessible":[189],"systems.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-11T06:11:40.159057","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
