{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401643493","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc8080093","title":"BERTGuard: Two-Tiered Multi-Domain Fake News Detection with Class Imbalance Mitigation","display_name":"BERTGuard: Two-Tiered Multi-Domain Fake News Detection with Class Imbalance Mitigation","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-08-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401643493","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc8080093"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/bdcc8080093","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc8080093","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2504-2289/8/8/93/pdf?version=1724053889","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238752","display_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","issn_l":"2504-2289","issn":["2504-2289"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2504-2289/8/8/93/pdf?version=1724053889","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5095880428","display_name":"Mohammad Q. Alnabhan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5544-7786"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153718931","display_name":"University of Ottawa","ror":"https://ror.org/03c4mmv16","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Q. Alnabhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, 800 King Edward Ave., Ottawa, ON K1N5N6, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, 800 King Edward Ave., Ottawa, ON K1N5N6, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043554078","display_name":"Paula Branco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9917-3694"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153718931","display_name":"University of Ottawa","ror":"https://ror.org/03c4mmv16","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paula Branco","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, 800 King Edward Ave., Ottawa, ON K1N5N6, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, 800 King Edward Ave., Ottawa, ON K1N5N6, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5095880428"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":10.502,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98080753,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"8","first_page":"93","last_page":"93"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.967199981212616,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.5870569944381714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5626466274261475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.5587709546089172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fake-news","display_name":"Fake news","score":0.4668748080730438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.24810519814491272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.24619251489639282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14492687582969666}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5870569944381714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5626466274261475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5587709546089172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779756789","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28549308","display_name":"Fake news","level":2,"score":0.4668748080730438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.24810519814491272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.24619251489639282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14492687582969666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/bdcc8080093","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc8080093","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2504-2289/8/8/93/pdf?version=1724053889","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238752","display_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","issn_l":"2504-2289","issn":["2504-2289"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d51b8fffca2c48a89d233a34856ee5d0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d51b8fffca2c48a89d233a34856ee5d0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing, Vol 8, Iss 8, p 93 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/bdcc8080093","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc8080093","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2504-2289/8/8/93/pdf?version=1724053889","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238752","display_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","issn_l":"2504-2289","issn":["2504-2289"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7300000190734863}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4401643493.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4401643493.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":77,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2163735391","https://openalex.org/W2490420619","https://openalex.org/W2582561810","https://openalex.org/W2737907513","https://openalex.org/W2790166049","https://openalex.org/W2804338221","https://openalex.org/W2901432156","https://openalex.org/W2911715381","https://openalex.org/W2943012941","https://openalex.org/W2962958939","https://openalex.org/W2963416784","https://openalex.org/W2995026391","https://openalex.org/W3001895040","https://openalex.org/W3009874600","https://openalex.org/W3013655557","https://openalex.org/W3016381014","https://openalex.org/W3018807723","https://openalex.org/W3031781733","https://openalex.org/W3039651429","https://openalex.org/W3087931390","https://openalex.org/W3093031973","https://openalex.org/W3106300911","https://openalex.org/W3119467012","https://openalex.org/W3119962516","https://openalex.org/W3129790026","https://openalex.org/W3133378905","https://openalex.org/W3146371923","https://openalex.org/W3156402417","https://openalex.org/W3164693331","https://openalex.org/W3170957977","https://openalex.org/W3200286571","https://openalex.org/W3204381888","https://openalex.org/W3206152519","https://openalex.org/W3208159610","https://openalex.org/W3210022786","https://openalex.org/W3216071463","https://openalex.org/W4200048988","https://openalex.org/W4200097352","https://openalex.org/W4200176067","https://openalex.org/W4205691700","https://openalex.org/W4210299703","https://openalex.org/W4212778779","https://openalex.org/W4213370678","https://openalex.org/W4220828487","https://openalex.org/W4221117327","https://openalex.org/W4221122068","https://openalex.org/W4225295315","https://openalex.org/W4293027464","https://openalex.org/W4294959634","https://openalex.org/W4296609276","https://openalex.org/W4296885421","https://openalex.org/W4308987120","https://openalex.org/W4309635352","https://openalex.org/W4313421210","https://openalex.org/W4323363754","https://openalex.org/W4327557635","https://openalex.org/W4353031925","https://openalex.org/W4366387115","https://openalex.org/W4377115522","https://openalex.org/W4378072572","https://openalex.org/W4378364695","https://openalex.org/W4379052650","https://openalex.org/W4379619682","https://openalex.org/W4382562261","https://openalex.org/W4383333584","https://openalex.org/W4386913943","https://openalex.org/W4391034148","https://openalex.org/W4393003817","https://openalex.org/W4393170771","https://openalex.org/W4395109839","https://openalex.org/W4401070260","https://openalex.org/W6784747227","https://openalex.org/W6788990216","https://openalex.org/W6794415444","https://openalex.org/W6809688602","https://openalex.org/W6849922490","https://openalex.org/W6852230420"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2890339288","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2966672946","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"an":[1],"era":[2],"where":[3],"misinformation":[4],"and":[5,39,110,134,140,161,168],"fake":[6,19,50],"news":[7,20,23,51,63,92,103],"undermine":[8],"social":[9,40],"well-being,":[10],"this":[11],"work":[12],"provides":[13],"a":[14,55,76,81,90],"complete":[15],"approach":[16],"to":[17,25,85,113],"multi-domain":[18,49,83],"detection.":[21],"Multi-domain":[22],"refers":[24],"handling":[26,163],"diverse":[27],"content":[28],"across":[29],"various":[30],"subject":[31],"areas":[32,127],"such":[33,128],"as":[34,129],"politics,":[35,130],"health,":[36,131],"research,":[37,132],"crime,":[38,133],"concerns.":[41],"Recognizing":[42],"the":[43,87,100,137,144,156,179,183],"lack":[44],"of":[45,89,102,185],"systematic":[46],"research":[47],"in":[48],"detection,":[52],"we":[53],"present":[54],"fundamental":[56],"structure":[57],"by":[58],"combining":[59,150],"datasets":[60,123],"from":[61,124],"several":[62],"domains.":[64],"Our":[65],"two-tiered":[66],"detection":[67,159,180],"approach,":[68],"BERTGuard,":[69],"starts":[70],"with":[71],"domain":[72,88],"classification,":[73],"which":[74],"uses":[75],"BERT-based":[77],"model":[78],"trained":[79],"on":[80,120,158],"combined":[82],"dataset":[84],"determine":[86],"given":[91],"piece.":[93],"Following":[94],"that,":[95],"domain-specific":[96],"BERT":[97],"models":[98],"evaluate":[99],"correctness":[101],"inside":[104],"each":[105,114],"designated":[106],"domain,":[107],"assuring":[108],"precision":[109],"reliability":[111],"tailored":[112],"domain\u2019s":[115],"unique":[116],"characteristics.":[117],"Rigorous":[118],"testing":[119],"previously":[121],"encountered":[122],"critical":[125],"life":[126],"society":[135],"proves":[136],"system\u2019s":[138],"performance":[139],"generalizability.":[141],"For":[142],"addressing":[143],"class":[145,169],"imbalance":[146],"challenges":[147],"inherent":[148],"when":[149],"datasets,":[151],"our":[152],"study":[153],"rigorously":[154],"evaluates":[155],"impact":[157],"accuracy":[160],"explores":[162],"alternatives\u2014random":[164],"oversampling,":[165],"random":[166],"upsampling,":[167],"weight":[170],"adjustment.":[171],"These":[172],"criteria":[173],"provide":[174],"baselines":[175],"for":[176],"comparison,":[177],"fortifying":[178],"system":[181],"against":[182],"complexities":[184],"imbalanced":[186],"datasets.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-03-14T06:41:57.775601","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
