{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399730120","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc8060070","title":"Building Trust in Conversational AI: A Review and Solution Architecture Using Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs","display_name":"Building Trust in Conversational AI: A Review and Solution Architecture Using Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399730120","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc8060070"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/bdcc8060070","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc8060070","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2504-2289/8/6/70/pdf?version=1718611568","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238752","display_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","issn_l":"2504-2289","issn":["2504-2289"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2504-2289/8/6/70/pdf?version=1718611568","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055416381","display_name":"Ahtsham Zafar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9691-2183"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100930933","display_name":"University College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/05m7pjf47","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahtsham Zafar","raw_affiliation_strings":["CeADAR-Ireland\u2019s Centre for AI, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V2N9 Dublin, Ireland","CeADAR-Ireland's Centre for AI, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V2N9 Dublin, Ireland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CeADAR-Ireland\u2019s Centre for AI, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V2N9 Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CeADAR-Ireland's Centre for AI, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V2N9 Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078676700","display_name":"Venkatesh Balavadhani Parthasarathy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1640-6754"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100930933","display_name":"University College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/05m7pjf47","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Venkatesh Balavadhani Parthasarathy","raw_affiliation_strings":["CeADAR-Ireland\u2019s Centre for AI, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V2N9 Dublin, Ireland","CeADAR-Ireland's Centre for AI, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V2N9 Dublin, Ireland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CeADAR-Ireland\u2019s Centre for AI, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V2N9 Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CeADAR-Ireland's Centre for AI, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V2N9 Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079993004","display_name":"Chan Le Van","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100930933","display_name":"University College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/05m7pjf47","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chan Le Van","raw_affiliation_strings":["CeADAR-Ireland\u2019s Centre for AI, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V2N9 Dublin, Ireland","CeADAR-Ireland's Centre for AI, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V2N9 Dublin, Ireland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CeADAR-Ireland\u2019s Centre for AI, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V2N9 Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CeADAR-Ireland's Centre for AI, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V2N9 Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109260753","display_name":"Saad Shahid","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100930933","display_name":"University College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/05m7pjf47","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saad Shahid","raw_affiliation_strings":["CeADAR-Ireland\u2019s Centre for AI, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V2N9 Dublin, Ireland","CeADAR-Ireland's Centre for AI, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V2N9 Dublin, Ireland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CeADAR-Ireland\u2019s Centre for AI, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V2N9 Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CeADAR-Ireland's Centre for AI, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V2N9 Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109634243","display_name":"Aafaq Iqbal Khan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100930933","display_name":"University College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/05m7pjf47","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aafaq Iqbal Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["CeADAR-Ireland\u2019s Centre for AI, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V2N9 Dublin, Ireland","CeADAR-Ireland's Centre for AI, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V2N9 Dublin, Ireland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CeADAR-Ireland\u2019s Centre for AI, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V2N9 Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CeADAR-Ireland's Centre for AI, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V2N9 Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013795937","display_name":"Arsalan Shahid","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100930933","display_name":"University College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/05m7pjf47","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Arsalan Shahid","raw_affiliation_strings":["CeADAR-Ireland\u2019s Centre for AI, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V2N9 Dublin, Ireland","CeADAR-Ireland's Centre for AI, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V2N9 Dublin, Ireland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CeADAR-Ireland\u2019s Centre for AI, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V2N9 Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CeADAR-Ireland's Centre for AI, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V2N9 Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013795937"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":5.0436,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95775415,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"6","first_page":"70","last_page":"70"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10664","display_name":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9865000247955322,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6889519691467285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-graph","display_name":"Knowledge graph","score":0.6730550527572632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.6698011159896851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.539536714553833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4566345512866974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.3619367480278015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.05808901786804199}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6889519691467285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987255567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33002955","display_name":"Knowledge graph","level":2,"score":0.6730550527572632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.6698011159896851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.539536714553833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4566345512866974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.3619367480278015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.05808901786804199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/bdcc8060070","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc8060070","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2504-2289/8/6/70/pdf?version=1718611568","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238752","display_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","issn_l":"2504-2289","issn":["2504-2289"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7507b3c49c93402c88deea6ee6719396","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7507b3c49c93402c88deea6ee6719396","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing, Vol 8, Iss 6, p 70 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/bdcc8060070","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc8060070","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2504-2289/8/6/70/pdf?version=1718611568","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238752","display_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","issn_l":"2504-2289","issn":["2504-2289"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.6299999952316284}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4399730120.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2099813784","https://openalex.org/W2139196777","https://openalex.org/W2171278097","https://openalex.org/W2483364787","https://openalex.org/W2909996319","https://openalex.org/W2915070379","https://openalex.org/W2941957745","https://openalex.org/W2944378183","https://openalex.org/W2946609015","https://openalex.org/W2962739339","https://openalex.org/W2963499153","https://openalex.org/W2963626623","https://openalex.org/W3027879771","https://openalex.org/W3037571401","https://openalex.org/W3201166322","https://openalex.org/W3201174429","https://openalex.org/W4220766556","https://openalex.org/W4236521339","https://openalex.org/W4252064021","https://openalex.org/W4288089799","https://openalex.org/W4292779060","https://openalex.org/W4318975084","https://openalex.org/W4321610465","https://openalex.org/W4323050332","https://openalex.org/W4324304837","https://openalex.org/W4360620450","https://openalex.org/W4385571689","https://openalex.org/W4389518760","https://openalex.org/W4391136507","https://openalex.org/W6685275506","https://openalex.org/W6719819555","https://openalex.org/W6762104733","https://openalex.org/W6762744983","https://openalex.org/W6769627184","https://openalex.org/W6777615688","https://openalex.org/W6778883912","https://openalex.org/W6779794645","https://openalex.org/W6903939077","https://openalex.org/W7017905194"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2588198209","https://openalex.org/W1909006023","https://openalex.org/W3200723557","https://openalex.org/W4205824991","https://openalex.org/W4312713546","https://openalex.org/W2362195430","https://openalex.org/W2347494122","https://openalex.org/W2567983276","https://openalex.org/W2802298219","https://openalex.org/W3204019825"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Conversational":[0],"AI":[1,94],"systems":[2,130],"have":[3],"emerged":[4],"as":[5,59,61],"key":[6],"enablers":[7],"of":[8,41,82,89,123],"human-like":[9],"interactions":[10],"across":[11,64],"diverse":[12],"sectors.":[13],"Nevertheless,":[14],"the":[15,79,86,120,127],"balance":[16],"between":[17],"linguistic":[18,87,101],"nuance":[19],"and":[20,55,106,135],"factual":[21,104],"accuracy":[22],"has":[23],"proven":[24],"elusive.":[25],"In":[26],"this":[27,68],"paper,":[28],"we":[29,70],"first":[30],"introduce":[31],"LLMXplorer,":[32],"a":[33,72],"comprehensive":[34],"tool":[35],"that":[36,76,131],"provides":[37,117],"an":[38],"in-depth":[39],"review":[40],"over":[42],"205":[43],"large":[44],"language":[45],"models":[46],"(LLMs),":[47],"elucidating":[48],"their":[49,62],"practical":[50],"implications,":[51],"ranging":[52],"from":[53],"social":[54],"ethical":[56],"to":[57],"regulatory,":[58],"well":[60],"applicability":[63],"industries.":[65],"Building":[66],"on":[67],"foundation,":[69],"propose":[71],"novel":[73],"functional":[74],"architecture":[75,98],"seamlessly":[77],"integrates":[78],"structured":[80],"dynamics":[81],"knowledge":[83],"graphs":[84],"with":[85,103],"capabilities":[88],"LLMs.":[90],"Validated":[91],"using":[92],"real-world":[93],"news":[95],"data,":[96],"our":[97],"adeptly":[99],"blends":[100],"sophistication":[102],"rigor":[105],"further":[107],"strengthens":[108],"data":[109],"security":[110],"through":[111],"role-based":[112],"access":[113],"control.":[114],"This":[115],"research":[116],"insights":[118],"into":[119],"evolving":[121],"landscape":[122],"conversational":[124],"AI,":[125],"emphasizing":[126],"imperative":[128],"for":[129],"are":[132],"efficient,":[133],"transparent,":[134],"trustworthy.":[136]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-11T06:11:40.159057","created_date":"2024-06-18T00:00:00"}
