{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4394580929","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc8040042","title":"Autonomous Vehicles: Evolution of Artificial Intelligence and the Current Industry Landscape","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicles: Evolution of Artificial Intelligence and the Current Industry Landscape","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-04-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4394580929","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc8040042"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/bdcc8040042","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc8040042","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2504-2289/8/4/42/pdf?version=1712549668","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238752","display_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","issn_l":"2504-2289","issn":["2504-2289"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2504-2289/8/4/42/pdf?version=1712549668","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051212309","display_name":"Divya Garikapati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2171-9623"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3132238960","display_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","ror":"https://ror.org/01n002310","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3132238960"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Divya Garikapati","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), New York, NY 10016, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), New York, NY 10016, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132238960"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5094040117","display_name":"Sneha Sudhir Shetiya","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124078","display_name":"Torc Robotics (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03233xn13","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124078"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sneha Sudhir Shetiya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Torc Robotics, Inc., Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Torc Robotics, Inc., Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124078"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5051212309"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132238960"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":34.8603,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":175,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99967822,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"4","first_page":"42","last_page":"42"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9781000018119812,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9781000018119812,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9435999989509583,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9028000235557556,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/current","display_name":"Current (fluid)","score":0.6612748503684998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.35497182607650757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.34639447927474976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.0747038722038269}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148043351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4456944","display_name":"Current (fluid)","level":2,"score":0.6612748503684998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.35497182607650757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.34639447927474976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0747038722038269}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/bdcc8040042","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc8040042","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2504-2289/8/4/42/pdf?version=1712549668","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238752","display_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","issn_l":"2504-2289","issn":["2504-2289"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:45a421fbad9b400daa61a7f10801453e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/45a421fbad9b400daa61a7f10801453e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing, Vol 8, Iss 4, p 42 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/bdcc8040042","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc8040042","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2504-2289/8/4/42/pdf?version=1712549668","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238752","display_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","issn_l":"2504-2289","issn":["2504-2289"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.4000000059604645}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4394580929.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":63,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2140609933","https://openalex.org/W2328067583","https://openalex.org/W2583284627","https://openalex.org/W2792036758","https://openalex.org/W2803089043","https://openalex.org/W2922271442","https://openalex.org/W2980808636","https://openalex.org/W2981207549","https://openalex.org/W2998496395","https://openalex.org/W3012481664","https://openalex.org/W3020807179","https://openalex.org/W3034099097","https://openalex.org/W3035371891","https://openalex.org/W3043705189","https://openalex.org/W3088051882","https://openalex.org/W3089845284","https://openalex.org/W3090431187","https://openalex.org/W3127511342","https://openalex.org/W3134491489","https://openalex.org/W3157715889","https://openalex.org/W3170708168","https://openalex.org/W3197549605","https://openalex.org/W3201271601","https://openalex.org/W4200553326","https://openalex.org/W4220807417","https://openalex.org/W4281723109","https://openalex.org/W4284664028","https://openalex.org/W4285042965","https://openalex.org/W4295066242","https://openalex.org/W4296079220","https://openalex.org/W4308080198","https://openalex.org/W4312799904","https://openalex.org/W4315647372","https://openalex.org/W4317385006","https://openalex.org/W4319081211","https://openalex.org/W4319661244","https://openalex.org/W4319983517","https://openalex.org/W4320004351","https://openalex.org/W4321021004","https://openalex.org/W4321615247","https://openalex.org/W4323322659","https://openalex.org/W4323845903","https://openalex.org/W4323922082","https://openalex.org/W4367856675","https://openalex.org/W4379115977","https://openalex.org/W4385242971","https://openalex.org/W4385342834","https://openalex.org/W4386602495","https://openalex.org/W4386895421","https://openalex.org/W4389541144","https://openalex.org/W4389661822","https://openalex.org/W4391249760","https://openalex.org/W4392656950","https://openalex.org/W6751258033","https://openalex.org/W6760520064","https://openalex.org/W6767957595","https://openalex.org/W6801666104","https://openalex.org/W6839096826","https://openalex.org/W6854705794","https://openalex.org/W6862781172","https://openalex.org/W6941225874","https://openalex.org/W6996214538","https://openalex.org/W7002006467"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W1982412832","https://openalex.org/W4244464241","https://openalex.org/W2384573129","https://openalex.org/W2351224547","https://openalex.org/W2358945257","https://openalex.org/W4318692582","https://openalex.org/W4368618351","https://openalex.org/W2006863447","https://openalex.org/W2299124854"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,102],"advent":[1],"of":[2,15,27,35,42,61,69,112,134,160,166,173,191],"autonomous":[3,66,100],"vehicles":[4,32,145],"has":[5],"heralded":[6],"a":[7,188],"transformative":[8],"era":[9],"in":[10,63,76,82,95,136],"transportation,":[11],"reshaping":[12],"the":[13,25,43,58,65,73,77,108,116,119,124,128,131,163,171,177,185,192],"landscape":[14,46,122],"mobility":[16],"through":[17],"cutting-edge":[18],"technologies.":[19],"Central":[20],"to":[21,49,146],"this":[22,54],"evolution":[23],"is":[24],"integration":[26],"artificial":[28],"intelligence":[29],"(AI),":[30],"propelling":[31],"into":[33,57,107],"realms":[34],"unprecedented":[36],"autonomy.":[37],"Commencing":[38],"with":[39,47],"an":[40],"overview":[41],"current":[44,193],"industry":[45,194],"respect":[48],"Operational":[50],"Design":[51],"Domain":[52],"(ODD),":[53],"paper":[55,129,186],"delves":[56],"fundamental":[59],"role":[60,133],"AI":[62,113,167],"shaping":[64],"decision-making":[67],"capabilities":[68],"vehicles.":[70,101],"It":[71,154],"elucidates":[72],"steps":[74],"involved":[75],"AI-powered":[78],"development":[79,98],"life":[80],"cycle":[81],"vehicles,":[83],"addressing":[84],"various":[85],"challenges":[86],"such":[87],"as":[88],"safety,":[89],"security,":[90],"privacy,":[91],"and":[92,110,142,149,169,176],"ethical":[93],"considerations":[94],"AI-driven":[96],"software":[97,178],"for":[99,139],"study":[103],"presents":[104],"statistical":[105],"insights":[106],"usage":[109,165],"types":[111],"algorithms":[114,138],"over":[115,152],"years,":[117],"showcasing":[118],"evolving":[120],"research":[121],"within":[123],"automotive":[125],"industry.":[126],"Furthermore,":[127],"highlights":[130],"pivotal":[132],"parameters":[135],"refining":[137],"both":[140],"trucks":[141],"cars,":[143],"facilitating":[144],"adapt,":[147],"learn,":[148],"improve":[150],"performance":[151],"time.":[153],"concludes":[155],"by":[156],"outlining":[157],"different":[158],"levels":[159],"autonomy,":[161],"elucidating":[162],"nuanced":[164],"algorithms,":[168],"discussing":[170],"automation":[172],"key":[174],"tasks":[175],"package":[179],"size":[180],"at":[181],"each":[182],"level.":[183],"Overall,":[184],"provides":[187],"comprehensive":[189],"analysis":[190],"landscape,":[195],"focusing":[196],"on":[197],"several":[198],"critical":[199],"aspects.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":116},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":24}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
