{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4380682355","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc7020119","title":"Efficient Method for Continuous IoT Data Stream Indexing in the Fog-Cloud Computing Level","display_name":"Efficient Method for Continuous IoT Data Stream Indexing in the Fog-Cloud Computing Level","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4380682355","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc7020119"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/bdcc7020119","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bdcc7020119","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2504-2289/7/2/119/pdf?version=1687829706","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238752","display_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","issn_l":"2504-2289","issn":["2504-2289"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2504-2289/7/2/119/pdf?version=1687829706","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027305515","display_name":"Karima Khettabi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097536","display_name":"University of Guelma","ror":"https://ror.org/00xe6p546","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097536"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karima Khettabi","raw_affiliation_strings":["LabSTIC Laboratory, Department of Computer Science, 8 Mai 1945 University, Guelma 24000, Algeria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LabSTIC Laboratory, Department of Computer Science, 8 Mai 1945 University, Guelma 24000, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097536"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101729867","display_name":"Zineddine Kouahla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8105-9810"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097536","display_name":"University of Guelma","ror":"https://ror.org/00xe6p546","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097536"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zineddine Kouahla","raw_affiliation_strings":["LabSTIC Laboratory, Department of Computer Science, 8 Mai 1945 University, Guelma 24000, Algeria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LabSTIC Laboratory, Department of Computer Science, 8 Mai 1945 University, Guelma 24000, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097536"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088862383","display_name":"Brahim Farou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1609-6006"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097536","display_name":"University of Guelma","ror":"https://ror.org/00xe6p546","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097536"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brahim Farou","raw_affiliation_strings":["LabSTIC Laboratory, Department of Computer Science, 8 Mai 1945 University, Guelma 24000, Algeria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LabSTIC Laboratory, Department of Computer Science, 8 Mai 1945 University, Guelma 24000, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097536"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106031164","display_name":"Hamid S\u00e9ridi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0236-8541"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097536","display_name":"University of Guelma","ror":"https://ror.org/00xe6p546","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097536"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamid Seridi","raw_affiliation_strings":["LabSTIC Laboratory, Department of Computer Science, 8 Mai 1945 University, Guelma 24000, Algeria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LabSTIC Laboratory, Department of Computer Science, 8 Mai 1945 University, Guelma 24000, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097536"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026903935","display_name":"Mohamed Amine Ferrag","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0632-3172"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087059","display_name":"Technology Innovation Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/001kv2y39","country_code":"AE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087059"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Ferrag","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technology Innovation Institute, Masdar City P.O. Box 9639, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technology Innovation Institute, Masdar City P.O. Box 9639, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087059"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026903935"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087059"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":0.61,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64085873,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"2","first_page":"119","last_page":"119"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9876000285148621,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7813318967819214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.559028148651123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.5534355044364929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.5446008443832397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-engine-indexing","display_name":"Search engine indexing","score":0.5377194285392761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dbscan","display_name":"DBSCAN","score":0.5080056190490723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stream-processing","display_name":"Stream processing","score":0.456432968378067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-stream-clustering","display_name":"Data stream clustering","score":0.42130255699157715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-stream-mining","display_name":"Data stream mining","score":0.4171574115753174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.41297999024391174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.36311060190200806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.2829653024673462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-clustering","display_name":"Fuzzy clustering","score":0.13498178124427795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.12155494093894958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cure-data-clustering-algorithm","display_name":"CURE data clustering algorithm","score":0.11509987711906433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.10523635149002075}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7813318967819214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.559028148651123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.5534355044364929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.5446008443832397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75165309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2258979","display_name":"Search engine indexing","level":2,"score":0.5377194285392761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46576248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1114630","display_name":"DBSCAN","level":5,"score":0.5080056190490723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107027933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2006448","display_name":"Stream processing","level":2,"score":0.456432968378067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193143536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227360","display_name":"Data stream clustering","level":5,"score":0.42130255699157715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89198739","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3079880","display_name":"Data stream mining","level":2,"score":0.4171574115753174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.41297999024391174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.36311060190200806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.2829653024673462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17212007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5511111","display_name":"Fuzzy clustering","level":3,"score":0.13498178124427795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.12155494093894958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33704608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5014717","display_name":"CURE data clustering algorithm","level":4,"score":0.11509987711906433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.10523635149002075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/bdcc7020119","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bdcc7020119","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2504-2289/7/2/119/pdf?version=1687829706","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238752","display_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","issn_l":"2504-2289","issn":["2504-2289"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d0ae87930b144c0092f6aef2d3f71c0a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d0ae87930b144c0092f6aef2d3f71c0a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing, Vol 7, Iss 2, p 119 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2504-2289/7/2/119/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bdcc7020119","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/bdcc7020119","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bdcc7020119","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2504-2289/7/2/119/pdf?version=1687829706","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238752","display_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","issn_l":"2504-2289","issn":["2504-2289"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9100000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4380682355.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W147261573","https://openalex.org/W1673310716","https://openalex.org/W1847526739","https://openalex.org/W1989266243","https://openalex.org/W2017233068","https://openalex.org/W2020572986","https://openalex.org/W2032175310","https://openalex.org/W2044136339","https://openalex.org/W2047507037","https://openalex.org/W2049644877","https://openalex.org/W2077434703","https://openalex.org/W2103868202","https://openalex.org/W2157092487","https://openalex.org/W2165329839","https://openalex.org/W2207132410","https://openalex.org/W2292973401","https://openalex.org/W2294347342","https://openalex.org/W2296424313","https://openalex.org/W2345088588","https://openalex.org/W2400132388","https://openalex.org/W2613310014","https://openalex.org/W2736293045","https://openalex.org/W2753672491","https://openalex.org/W2770404322","https://openalex.org/W2788238363","https://openalex.org/W2801393275","https://openalex.org/W2809380657","https://openalex.org/W2887306388","https://openalex.org/W2895787052","https://openalex.org/W2906578628","https://openalex.org/W2911033374","https://openalex.org/W2914647432","https://openalex.org/W2949733310","https://openalex.org/W2950690357","https://openalex.org/W2985298645","https://openalex.org/W3007133776","https://openalex.org/W3011270064","https://openalex.org/W3016904857","https://openalex.org/W3035016852","https://openalex.org/W3040753047","https://openalex.org/W3091783553","https://openalex.org/W3176785990","https://openalex.org/W3207620571","https://openalex.org/W4220719232","https://openalex.org/W4231029117","https://openalex.org/W4288748646","https://openalex.org/W7066483111"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2394193399","https://openalex.org/W2355615404","https://openalex.org/W2082671441","https://openalex.org/W2605169415","https://openalex.org/W2014841791","https://openalex.org/W180351855","https://openalex.org/W2083332996","https://openalex.org/W2538312128","https://openalex.org/W3009866434","https://openalex.org/W2809859387"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Internet":[0],"of":[1,77,133,145,149,152,170,183],"Things":[2],"(IoT)":[3],"systems":[4],"include":[5],"many":[6],"smart":[7],"devices":[8],"that":[9,31],"continuously":[10],"generate":[11],"massive":[12],"spatio-temporal":[13],"data,":[14],"which":[15],"can":[16],"be":[17,27],"difficult":[18],"to":[19,26,49,85],"process.":[20],"These":[21],"continuous":[22,51],"data":[23,54,88,105,138],"streams":[24,55],"need":[25],"stored":[28,108],"smartly":[29],"so":[30],"query":[32,212],"searches":[33],"are":[34],"efficient.":[35],"In":[36],"this":[37],"work,":[38],"we":[39],"propose":[40],"an":[41],"efficient":[42],"method,":[43],"in":[44,56,102,109,118,123,135,160,177,187],"the":[45,62,87,96,103,110,119,136,143,150,153,157,161,178,181,184,199],"fog-cloud":[46],"computing":[47],"architecture,":[48],"index":[50],"and":[52,71,115,168,202],"heterogeneous":[53],"metric":[57],"space.":[58],"This":[59],"method":[60,186],"divides":[61],"fog":[63,98,113,121,164],"layer":[64],"into":[65,92],"three":[66],"levels:":[67],"clustering,":[68],"clusters":[69,94,111,134,159],"processing":[70,112,163],"indexing.":[72],"The":[73,131],"Density-Based":[74],"Spatial":[75],"Clustering":[76],"Applications":[78],"with":[79,127,156,174],"Noise":[80],"(DBSCAN)":[81],"algorithm":[82],"is":[83,107,140],"used":[84],"group":[86],"from":[89],"each":[90],"stream":[91,106,139],"homogeneous":[93],"at":[95],"clustering":[97],"level.":[99],"Each":[100],"cluster":[101,155,162],"first":[104],"level":[114,122],"indexed":[116],"directly":[117],"indexing":[120,132],"a":[124,206],"Binary":[125],"tree":[126,193],"Hyperplane":[128],"(BH":[129],"tree).":[130],"subsequent":[137],"determined":[141],"by":[142],"coefficient":[144],"variation":[146],"(CV)":[147],"value":[148],"union":[151],"new":[154],"existing":[158],"layer.":[165],"An":[166],"analysis":[167],"comparison":[169],"our":[171],"experimental":[172],"results":[173,176],"other":[175],"literature":[179],"demonstrated":[180],"effectiveness":[182],"CV":[185],"reducing":[188,198],"energy":[189,203],"consumption":[190,204],"during":[191,205],"BH":[192],"construction,":[194],"as":[195,197],"well":[196],"search":[200],"time":[201],"k":[207],"Nearest":[208],"Neighbor":[209],"(kNN)":[210],"parallel":[211],"search.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-12-27T23:08:20.325037","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}