{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4366775495","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc7020081","title":"Analyzing Online Fake News Using Latent Semantic Analysis: Case of USA Election Campaign","display_name":"Analyzing Online Fake News Using Latent Semantic Analysis: Case of USA Election Campaign","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-04-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4366775495","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc7020081"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/bdcc7020081","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc7020081","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2504-2289/7/2/81/pdf?version=1682043666","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238752","display_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","issn_l":"2504-2289","issn":["2504-2289"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2504-2289/7/2/81/pdf?version=1682043666","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041687145","display_name":"Richard Gordon Mayopu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5555-9977"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126145234","display_name":"Chaoyang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04xwksx09","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126145234"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard G. Mayopu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung 413310, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung 413310, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126145234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107922582","display_name":"Yiyun Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5107-311X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126145234","display_name":"Chaoyang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04xwksx09","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126145234"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi-Yun Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung 413310, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung 413310, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126145234"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036428808","display_name":"Long\u2010Sheng Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2967-9956"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126145234","display_name":"Chaoyang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04xwksx09","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126145234"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Long-Sheng Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung 413310, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung 413310, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126145234"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036428808"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126145234"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":7.5382,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96870649,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"2","first_page":"81","last_page":"81"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10664","display_name":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","score":0.9747999906539917,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10557","display_name":"Social Media and Politics","score":0.9580000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fake-news","display_name":"Fake news","score":0.8306622505187988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viewpoints","display_name":"Viewpoints","score":0.7711520195007324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latent-semantic-analysis","display_name":"Latent semantic analysis","score":0.7167300581932068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.6644290685653687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6170872449874878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentiment-analysis","display_name":"Sentiment analysis","score":0.5710310935974121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/news-media","display_name":"News media","score":0.5432863831520081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/news-analytics","display_name":"News analytics","score":0.5272830128669739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media-analytics","display_name":"Social media analytics","score":0.4856066107749939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.45277315378189087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.4335799813270569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/politics","display_name":"Politics","score":0.42274922132492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.31119441986083984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.27339988946914673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.2572774887084961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.2571706771850586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.1380246877670288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/media-studies","display_name":"Media studies","score":0.1375432014465332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.10756316781044006}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779756789","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28549308","display_name":"Fake news","level":2,"score":0.8306622505187988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7928819","display_name":"Viewpoints","level":2,"score":0.7711520195007324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170133592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1806883","display_name":"Latent semantic analysis","level":2,"score":0.7167300581932068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.6644290685653687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6170872449874878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66402592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271421","display_name":"Sentiment analysis","level":2,"score":0.5710310935974121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529147693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1193236","display_name":"News media","level":2,"score":0.5432863831520081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103648661","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7019453","display_name":"News analytics","level":2,"score":0.5272830128669739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778729106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140126","display_name":"Social media analytics","level":3,"score":0.4856066107749939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.45277315378189087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4335799813270569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.42274922132492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.31119441986083984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.27339988946914673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.2572774887084961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2571706771850586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.1380246877670288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29595303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165650","display_name":"Media studies","level":1,"score":0.1375432014465332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.10756316781044006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/bdcc7020081","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc7020081","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2504-2289/7/2/81/pdf?version=1682043666","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238752","display_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","issn_l":"2504-2289","issn":["2504-2289"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5a86465018fa4c8680c0065efcc58a12","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5a86465018fa4c8680c0065efcc58a12","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing, Vol 7, Iss 2, p 81 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2504-2289/7/2/81/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bdcc7020081","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing; Volume 7; Issue 2; Pages: 81","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/bdcc7020081","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc7020081","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2504-2289/7/2/81/pdf?version=1682043666","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238752","display_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","issn_l":"2504-2289","issn":["2504-2289"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.5099999904632568,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4366775495.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1851373819","https://openalex.org/W2052016985","https://openalex.org/W2108593993","https://openalex.org/W2141819498","https://openalex.org/W2143835239","https://openalex.org/W2587990869","https://openalex.org/W2949457908","https://openalex.org/W2958360416","https://openalex.org/W3027522717","https://openalex.org/W3033843645","https://openalex.org/W3038665800","https://openalex.org/W3048912699","https://openalex.org/W3091678546","https://openalex.org/W3094050601","https://openalex.org/W3112698840","https://openalex.org/W3179729396","https://openalex.org/W3180185210","https://openalex.org/W3203708269","https://openalex.org/W4200367315","https://openalex.org/W4205115863","https://openalex.org/W4206185584","https://openalex.org/W4206957338","https://openalex.org/W4212778779","https://openalex.org/W4213189268","https://openalex.org/W4224287650","https://openalex.org/W4280534198","https://openalex.org/W4281719212","https://openalex.org/W4283204352","https://openalex.org/W4284882302","https://openalex.org/W4285736194","https://openalex.org/W4295152289","https://openalex.org/W4303982324","https://openalex.org/W4306978210","https://openalex.org/W4307996671","https://openalex.org/W4308987120","https://openalex.org/W4309460223","https://openalex.org/W4319966514","https://openalex.org/W6763569065","https://openalex.org/W6766203394","https://openalex.org/W6777572547","https://openalex.org/W6784293548","https://openalex.org/W6839249208"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2897010431","https://openalex.org/W2610867798","https://openalex.org/W3206179000","https://openalex.org/W3102522885","https://openalex.org/W2957600470","https://openalex.org/W2604556392","https://openalex.org/W2609845429","https://openalex.org/W3007807544","https://openalex.org/W2752459574","https://openalex.org/W2899516544"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"studies":[1,34],"have":[2,58],"indicated":[3],"that":[4,14,95,181],"fake":[5,37,43,62,70,79,118,136,169,187],"news":[6,38,44,63,80,119,134,188],"is":[7,66,148],"always":[8],"produced":[9],"to":[10,23,61,90,112,116,150,164,167],"manipulate":[11],"readers":[12],"and":[13,19,40,42,101,135,180],"it":[15],"spreads":[16],"very":[17],"fast":[18],"brings":[20],"great":[21],"damage":[22],"human":[24],"society":[25],"through":[26],"social":[27,114],"media.":[28],"From":[29],"the":[30,122,127,130,142,152,174,190],"available":[31],"literature,":[32],"most":[33],"focused":[35],"on":[36],"detection":[39,81],"identification":[41],"sentiment":[45],"analysis":[46,104],"using":[47,106],"machine":[48],"learning":[49,52],"or":[50],"deep":[51],"techniques.":[53],"However,":[54],"relatively":[55],"few":[56],"researchers":[57,166],"paid":[59],"attention":[60],"analysis.":[64],"This":[65,171],"especially":[67],"true":[68,133],"for":[69,120],"political":[71,186],"news.":[72,137,170],"Unlike":[73],"other":[74],"published":[75],"works":[76],"which":[77],"built":[78],"models":[82],"from":[83,141,178],"computer":[84],"scientists\u2019":[85],"viewpoints,":[86],"this":[87],"study":[88,172],"aims":[89],"develop":[91],"an":[92],"effective":[93],"method":[94],"combines":[96],"natural":[97],"language":[98],"processing":[99],"(NLP)":[100],"latent":[102],"semantic":[103],"(LSA)":[105],"singular":[107],"value":[108],"decomposition":[109],"(SVD)":[110],"techniques":[111],"help":[113],"scientists":[115],"analyze":[117,129],"discovering":[121],"exact":[123],"elements.":[124],"In":[125],"addition,":[126],"authors":[128],"characteristics":[131],"of":[132,154,185],"A":[138],"real":[139],"case":[140],"USA":[143],"election":[144],"campaign":[145],"in":[146],"2016":[147],"employed":[149],"demonstrate":[151],"effectiveness":[153],"our":[155],"methods.":[156],"The":[157],"experimental":[158],"results":[159],"could":[160],"give":[161],"useful":[162],"suggestions":[163],"future":[165],"distinguish":[168],"finds":[173],"five":[175],"concepts":[176],"extracted":[177],"LSA":[179],"they":[182],"are":[183],"representative":[184],"during":[189],"election.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T14:29:43.386196","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}