{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4360613973","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc7010055","title":"Effect of Missing Data Types and Imputation Methods on Supervised Classifiers: An Evaluation Study","display_name":"Effect of Missing Data Types and Imputation Methods on Supervised Classifiers: An Evaluation Study","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-03-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4360613973","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc7010055"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/bdcc7010055","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc7010055","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2504-2289/7/1/55/pdf?version=1679490929","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238752","display_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","issn_l":"2504-2289","issn":["2504-2289"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2504-2289/7/1/55/pdf?version=1679490929","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066014908","display_name":"Menna Ibrahim Gabr","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84058292","display_name":"Helwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/00h55v928","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84058292"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Menna Ibrahim Gabr","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Business Information Systems (BIS), Faculty of Commerce and Business Administration, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Business Information Systems (BIS), Faculty of Commerce and Business Administration, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84058292"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024484159","display_name":"Yehia Helmy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4217-4749"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84058292","display_name":"Helwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/00h55v928","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84058292"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yehia Mostafa Helmy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Business Information Systems (BIS), Faculty of Commerce and Business Administration, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Business Information Systems (BIS), Faculty of Commerce and Business Administration, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84058292"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060914903","display_name":"Doaa S. Elzanfaly","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2590-0000"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154023281","display_name":"British University in Egypt","ror":"https://ror.org/0066fxv63","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154023281"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84058292","display_name":"Helwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/00h55v928","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84058292"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Doaa Saad Elzanfaly","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Systems, Faculty of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt","Department of Information Systems, Faculty of Informatics Computer Science, British University in Egypt, Cairo 11837, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2590-0000","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems, Faculty of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84058292"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems, Faculty of Informatics Computer Science, British University in Egypt, Cairo 11837, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154023281"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066014908"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84058292"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":1.8745,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88064195,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"1","first_page":"55","last_page":"55"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10538","display_name":"Data Mining Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/missing-data","display_name":"Missing data","score":0.9038416743278503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/imputation","display_name":"Imputation (statistics)","score":0.7305178642272949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5541653633117676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5377199053764343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.5161174535751343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4691808521747589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correlation","display_name":"Correlation","score":0.457391619682312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4461815059185028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.42332136631011963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.4209703207015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3170216381549835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.26672792434692383}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9357733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6878417","display_name":"Missing data","level":2,"score":0.9038416743278503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58041806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1660484","display_name":"Imputation (statistics)","level":3,"score":0.7305178642272949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5541653633117676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5377199053764343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.5161174535751343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4691808521747589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117220453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172842","display_name":"Correlation","level":2,"score":0.457391619682312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4461815059185028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.42332136631011963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.4209703207015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3170216381549835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.26672792434692383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/bdcc7010055","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc7010055","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2504-2289/7/1/55/pdf?version=1679490929","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238752","display_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","issn_l":"2504-2289","issn":["2504-2289"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:fa8a3367893f41e0824de55856259cd6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/fa8a3367893f41e0824de55856259cd6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing, Vol 7, Iss 1, p 55 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2504-2289/7/1/55/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bdcc7010055","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing; Volume 7; Issue 1; Pages: 55","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/bdcc7010055","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc7010055","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2504-2289/7/1/55/pdf?version=1679490929","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238752","display_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","issn_l":"2504-2289","issn":["2504-2289"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4360613973.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1546047689","https://openalex.org/W1997437882","https://openalex.org/W2014192625","https://openalex.org/W2068258779","https://openalex.org/W2109242492","https://openalex.org/W2131046966","https://openalex.org/W2136407506","https://openalex.org/W2140190241","https://openalex.org/W2142187719","https://openalex.org/W2142271080","https://openalex.org/W2162210260","https://openalex.org/W2170505850","https://openalex.org/W2317439525","https://openalex.org/W2341538760","https://openalex.org/W2490420619","https://openalex.org/W2500279295","https://openalex.org/W2517120592","https://openalex.org/W2545196291","https://openalex.org/W2574666645","https://openalex.org/W2607507174","https://openalex.org/W2620760558","https://openalex.org/W2735864302","https://openalex.org/W2765426202","https://openalex.org/W2803318906","https://openalex.org/W2888728157","https://openalex.org/W2897982132","https://openalex.org/W2918408501","https://openalex.org/W2922774731","https://openalex.org/W2961502088","https://openalex.org/W2970443729","https://openalex.org/W2979631643","https://openalex.org/W2981230733","https://openalex.org/W2999309192","https://openalex.org/W3005332804","https://openalex.org/W3007238289","https://openalex.org/W3009763662","https://openalex.org/W3010454764","https://openalex.org/W3012506455","https://openalex.org/W3015692457","https://openalex.org/W3018026180","https://openalex.org/W3094678421","https://openalex.org/W3099229606","https://openalex.org/W3115902258","https://openalex.org/W3123197548","https://openalex.org/W3126232929","https://openalex.org/W3137925359","https://openalex.org/W3172444956","https://openalex.org/W3179164182","https://openalex.org/W3186499318","https://openalex.org/W3211066141","https://openalex.org/W4210642693","https://openalex.org/W4226070976","https://openalex.org/W4238611116","https://openalex.org/W6632634077","https://openalex.org/W6680411585","https://openalex.org/W6680704940","https://openalex.org/W6723278492","https://openalex.org/W6726481566","https://openalex.org/W6760551856","https://openalex.org/W6784776072","https://openalex.org/W6785481892","https://openalex.org/W6792510539"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3150051843","https://openalex.org/W2541565311","https://openalex.org/W3049453136","https://openalex.org/W2784019465","https://openalex.org/W2943291682","https://openalex.org/W3021292873","https://openalex.org/W2751555317","https://openalex.org/W4327738133","https://openalex.org/W2096555119","https://openalex.org/W2460065187"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Data":[0],"completeness":[1],"is":[2,43,146,186],"one":[3],"of":[4,13,23,47,67,73,84,103,128,140,165,170,219],"the":[5,11,21,65,71,101,104,113,118,126,129,147,155,160,166,171,179,197,206,214,217,220,223],"most":[6,143],"common":[7],"challenges":[8],"that":[9,63,90,125],"hinder":[10],"performance":[12,49,72,102],"data":[14,134,149,174,192],"analytics":[15],"platforms.":[16],"Different":[17],"studies":[18],"have":[19],"assessed":[20],"effect":[22,66],"missing":[24,85,133,148,176,194,224],"values":[25,86],"on":[26,31,40,70],"different":[27,82,110],"classification":[28,75],"models":[29],"based":[30],"a":[32,44,138],"single":[33],"evaluation":[34,210],"metric,":[35],"namely,":[36,112],"accuracy.":[37,121],"However,":[38],"accuracy":[39],"its":[41],"own":[42],"misleading":[45],"measure":[46,211],"classifier":[48],"because":[50],"it":[51],"does":[52],"not":[53],"consider":[54],"unbalanced":[55],"datasets.":[56],"This":[57],"paper":[58],"presents":[59],"an":[60,209],"experimental":[61],"study":[62],"assesses":[64],"incomplete":[68],"datasets":[69,89],"five":[74],"models.":[76],"The":[77,122,142,168],"analysis":[78],"was":[79,106],"conducted":[80],"with":[81],"ratios":[83],"in":[87,92,216],"six":[88],"vary":[91],"size,":[93,162],"type,":[94,161],"and":[95,120,151,158,163],"balance.":[96],"Moreover,":[97],"for":[98],"unbiased":[99],"analysis,":[100],"classifiers":[105,131,172,221],"measured":[107],"using":[108,205],"three":[109],"metrics,":[111],"Matthews":[114],"correlation":[115],"coefficient":[116],"(MCC),":[117],"F1-score,":[119],"results":[123],"show":[124],"sensitivity":[127,169,190,218],"supervised":[130],"to":[132,137,178,196,222],"differs":[135],"according":[136],"set":[139],"factors.":[141],"significant":[144],"factor":[145],"pattern":[150,185],"ratio,":[152],"followed":[153],"by":[154],"imputation":[156],"method,":[157],"then":[159],"balance":[164],"dataset.":[167],"when":[173,191],"are":[175,193],"due":[177,195],"Missing":[180,198],"Completely":[181],"At":[182,200],"Random":[183,201],"(MCAR)":[184],"less":[187],"than":[188],"their":[189],"Not":[199],"(MNAR)":[202],"pattern.":[203],"Furthermore,":[204],"MCC":[207],"as":[208],"better":[212],"reflects":[213],"variation":[215],"data.":[225]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-01-22T23:29:09.771500","created_date":"2023-03-24T00:00:00"}
