{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4309548460","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc6040140","title":"Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN) Evolution and Beyond: A Systematic Literature Review and Bibliometric Analysis","display_name":"Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN) Evolution and Beyond: A Systematic Literature Review and Bibliometric Analysis","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4309548460","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc6040140"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/bdcc6040140","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc6040140","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2504-2289/6/4/140/pdf?version=1669601279","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238752","display_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","issn_l":"2504-2289","issn":["2504-2289"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2504-2289/6/4/140/pdf?version=1669601279","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068829395","display_name":"Zaharaddeen Karami Lawal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3011-5581"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189462010","display_name":"Universiti Brunei Darussalam","ror":"https://ror.org/02qnf3n86","country_code":"BN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189462010"]}],"countries":["BN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zaharaddeen Karami Lawal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE1410, Brunei"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE1410, Brunei","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189462010"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023295596","display_name":"Hayati Yassin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6271-2367"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189462010","display_name":"Universiti Brunei Darussalam","ror":"https://ror.org/02qnf3n86","country_code":"BN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189462010"]}],"countries":["BN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hayati Yassin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE1410, Brunei","Institute of Applied Data Analytics (IADA), Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE1410, Brunei"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE1410, Brunei","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189462010"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Applied Data Analytics (IADA), Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE1410, Brunei","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189462010"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110190122","display_name":"Daphne Teck Ching Lai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189462010","display_name":"Universiti Brunei Darussalam","ror":"https://ror.org/02qnf3n86","country_code":"BN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189462010"]}],"countries":["BN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daphne Teck Ching Lai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Applied Data Analytics (IADA), Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE1410, Brunei","School of Digital Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE1410, Brunei"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Applied Data Analytics (IADA), Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE1410, Brunei","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189462010"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Digital Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE1410, Brunei","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189462010"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074642862","display_name":"Azam Che Idris","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0172-0205"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189462010","display_name":"Universiti Brunei Darussalam","ror":"https://ror.org/02qnf3n86","country_code":"BN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189462010"]}],"countries":["BN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Azam Che Idris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE1410, Brunei"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE1410, Brunei","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189462010"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023295596"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189462010"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":19.0255,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":182,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99767993,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"4","first_page":"140","last_page":"140"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11206","display_name":"Model Reduction and Neural Networks","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11206","display_name":"Model Reduction and Neural Networks","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12560","display_name":"Nuclear Engineering Thermal-Hydraulics","score":0.9731000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10558","display_name":"Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design","score":0.9664999842643738,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scopus","display_name":"Scopus","score":0.7032569646835327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/slowness","display_name":"Slowness","score":0.6046373844146729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.5868704319000244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5808643102645874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-of-science","display_name":"Web of science","score":0.5641751289367676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systematic-review","display_name":"Systematic review","score":0.47723865509033203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.47172990441322327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scientometrics","display_name":"Scientometrics","score":0.4141135513782501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management-science","display_name":"Management science","score":0.4036281704902649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medline","display_name":"MEDLINE","score":0.18907693028450012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.16110679507255554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10478419065475464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.10049906373023987}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83867959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371467","display_name":"Scopus","level":3,"score":0.7032569646835327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11940443","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16965645","display_name":"Slowness","level":2,"score":0.6046373844146729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.5868704319000244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5808643102645874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020774429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1201886","display_name":"Web of science","level":3,"score":0.5641751289367676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189708586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425","display_name":"Systematic review","level":3,"score":0.47723865509033203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.47172990441322327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C525823164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q472342","display_name":"Scientometrics","level":2,"score":0.4141135513782501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.4036281704902649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.18907693028450012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.16110679507255554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10478419065475464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.10049906373023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/bdcc6040140","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc6040140","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2504-2289/6/4/140/pdf?version=1669601279","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238752","display_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","issn_l":"2504-2289","issn":["2504-2289"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:80077d57da2747c6a9377f9a0d78c94c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/80077d57da2747c6a9377f9a0d78c94c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing, Vol 6, Iss 4, p 140 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2504-2289/6/4/140/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bdcc6040140","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing; Volume 6; Issue 4; Pages: 140","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/bdcc6040140","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc6040140","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2504-2289/6/4/140/pdf?version=1669601279","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238752","display_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","issn_l":"2504-2289","issn":["2504-2289"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7882776194","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UBD/RSCH/1.11/FICBF(b)/2020/004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311019","funder_display_name":"Universiti Brunei Darussalam"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311019","display_name":"Universiti Brunei Darussalam","ror":"https://ror.org/02qnf3n86"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4309548460.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4309548460.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":127,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1533861849","https://openalex.org/W1937885004","https://openalex.org/W2114788153","https://openalex.org/W2137983211","https://openalex.org/W2144134124","https://openalex.org/W2158985775","https://openalex.org/W2507348356","https://openalex.org/W2515196330","https://openalex.org/W2605147767","https://openalex.org/W2745110207","https://openalex.org/W2770250658","https://openalex.org/W2785024182","https://openalex.org/W2884274441","https://openalex.org/W2899283552","https://openalex.org/W2908106500","https://openalex.org/W2913437902","https://openalex.org/W2963098640","https://openalex.org/W2987364917","https://openalex.org/W2997588930","https://openalex.org/W2998366519","https://openalex.org/W2999451223","https://openalex.org/W3007631929","https://openalex.org/W3008118574","https://openalex.org/W3010849941","https://openalex.org/W3011806874","https://openalex.org/W3015865829","https://openalex.org/W3021027692","https://openalex.org/W3041682155","https://openalex.org/W3048778144","https://openalex.org/W3065075035","https://openalex.org/W3081716925","https://openalex.org/W3082977546","https://openalex.org/W3086358797","https://openalex.org/W3090034005","https://openalex.org/W3092172785","https://openalex.org/W3092743582","https://openalex.org/W3093786597","https://openalex.org/W3096600878","https://openalex.org/W3097095082","https://openalex.org/W3097234637","https://openalex.org/W3098546160","https://openalex.org/W3100404985","https://openalex.org/W3101278268","https://openalex.org/W3109749236","https://openalex.org/W3111308046","https://openalex.org/W3112199937","https://openalex.org/W3113860711","https://openalex.org/W3114023546","https://openalex.org/W3115207133","https://openalex.org/W3118615836","https://openalex.org/W3126236690","https://openalex.org/W3127636792","https://openalex.org/W3134522841","https://openalex.org/W3137392741","https://openalex.org/W3137611682","https://openalex.org/W3140906137","https://openalex.org/W3152851547","https://openalex.org/W3153200540","https://openalex.org/W3153315752","https://openalex.org/W3153965790","https://openalex.org/W3157083971","https://openalex.org/W3158221728","https://openalex.org/W3159742434","https://openalex.org/W3163993681","https://openalex.org/W3164032021","https://openalex.org/W3168017910","https://openalex.org/W3176116059","https://openalex.org/W3177301477","https://openalex.org/W3179444763","https://openalex.org/W3180025475","https://openalex.org/W3181235980","https://openalex.org/W3181271387","https://openalex.org/W3185491972","https://openalex.org/W3186224863","https://openalex.org/W3186608048","https://openalex.org/W3191642180","https://openalex.org/W3193909976","https://openalex.org/W3194244462","https://openalex.org/W3196770139","https://openalex.org/W3197473870","https://openalex.org/W3197694049","https://openalex.org/W3198222539","https://openalex.org/W3199775905","https://openalex.org/W3200673624","https://openalex.org/W3201958666","https://openalex.org/W3204515293","https://openalex.org/W3207471124","https://openalex.org/W3207890637","https://openalex.org/W3208528597","https://openalex.org/W3208953217","https://openalex.org/W3212135938","https://openalex.org/W3213137092","https://openalex.org/W3213523409","https://openalex.org/W3215008405","https://openalex.org/W3216718982","https://openalex.org/W3217115371","https://openalex.org/W4205386831","https://openalex.org/W4206740111","https://openalex.org/W4210712408","https://openalex.org/W4213176644","https://openalex.org/W4213349859","https://openalex.org/W4214830134","https://openalex.org/W4214857943","https://openalex.org/W4220699563","https://openalex.org/W4221155502","https://openalex.org/W4224025959","https://openalex.org/W4225247661","https://openalex.org/W4226244456","https://openalex.org/W4226480439","https://openalex.org/W4229015109","https://openalex.org/W4280611931","https://openalex.org/W4281711890","https://openalex.org/W4282576594","https://openalex.org/W4282912952","https://openalex.org/W4283119136","https://openalex.org/W4283209735","https://openalex.org/W4283445646","https://openalex.org/W4283641479","https://openalex.org/W4284670372","https://openalex.org/W4290704591","https://openalex.org/W4292324309","https://openalex.org/W4293205389","https://openalex.org/W4293413668","https://openalex.org/W4385488719","https://openalex.org/W6677082123","https://openalex.org/W6757888068","https://openalex.org/W6797951260"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3014835053","https://openalex.org/W1598512166","https://openalex.org/W2120516750","https://openalex.org/W2968486945","https://openalex.org/W4224298504","https://openalex.org/W4295886540","https://openalex.org/W3140968591","https://openalex.org/W4285547396","https://openalex.org/W4210604288","https://openalex.org/W3008231817"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"research":[1,28,130],"aims":[2],"to":[3,80,102],"study":[4],"and":[5,26,34,47,68,84,89,123],"assess":[6],"state-of-the-art":[7],"physics-informed":[8],"neural":[9],"networks":[10],"(PINNs)":[11],"from":[12,30],"different":[13],"researchers\u2019":[14],"perspectives.":[15],"The":[16],"PRISMA":[17],"framework":[18],"was":[19],"used":[20],"for":[21],"a":[22,41],"systematic":[23],"literature":[24],"review,":[25,110],"120":[27],"articles":[29],"the":[31,61,104,113,136,139],"computational":[32],"sciences":[33],"engineering":[35],"domain":[36],"were":[37],"specifically":[38],"classified":[39],"through":[40],"well-defined":[42],"keyword":[43],"search":[44],"in":[45],"Scopus":[46],"Web":[48],"of":[49,106,138],"Science":[50],"databases.":[51],"Through":[52],"bibliometric":[53],"analyses,":[54],"we":[55,111],"have":[56,94,99],"identified":[57],"journal":[58],"sources":[59],"with":[60,65,70],"most":[62],"publications,":[63],"authors":[64],"high":[66,86],"citations,":[67],"countries":[69],"many":[71],"publications":[72],"on":[73,135],"PINNs.":[74,107],"Some":[75],"newly":[76,114],"improved":[77],"techniques":[78],"developed":[79],"enhance":[81],"PINN":[82,116],"performance":[83],"reduce":[85],"training":[87],"costs":[88],"slowness,":[90],"among":[91],"other":[92],"limitations,":[93],"been":[95,100],"highlighted.":[96],"Different":[97],"approaches":[98],"introduced":[101],"overcome":[103],"limitations":[105,137],"In":[108],"this":[109],"categorized":[112],"proposed":[115,140],"methods":[117],"into":[118],"Extended":[119],"PINNs,":[120,122],"Hybrid":[121],"Minimized":[124],"Loss":[125],"techniques.":[126],"Various":[127],"potential":[128],"future":[129],"directions":[131],"are":[132],"outlined":[133],"based":[134],"solutions.":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":95},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15}],"updated_date":"2026-04-15T08:11:43.952461","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
