{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4308661657","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc6040122","title":"White Blood Cell Classification Using Multi-Attention Data Augmentation and Regularization","display_name":"White Blood Cell Classification Using Multi-Attention Data Augmentation and Regularization","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4308661657","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc6040122"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/bdcc6040122","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc6040122","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2504-2289/6/4/122/pdf?version=1667590007","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238752","display_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","issn_l":"2504-2289","issn":["2504-2289"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2504-2289/6/4/122/pdf?version=1667590007","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001730083","display_name":"Nasrin Bayat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4184-2920"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106165777","display_name":"University of Central Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/036nfer12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nasrin Bayat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022447704","display_name":"Diane D. Davey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2853-8705"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106165777","display_name":"University of Central Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/036nfer12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diane D. Davey","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, 6850 Lake Nona Blvd, Orlando, FL 32827, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, 6850 Lake Nona Blvd, Orlando, FL 32827, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007091428","display_name":"Melanie Coathup","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4543-4756"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106165777","display_name":"University of Central Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/036nfer12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Melanie Coathup","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, 6850 Lake Nona Blvd, Orlando, FL 32827, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, 6850 Lake Nona Blvd, Orlando, FL 32827, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056470088","display_name":"Joon\u2010Hyuk Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9038-4981"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106165777","display_name":"University of Central Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/036nfer12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Joon-Hyuk Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056470088"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":1.8119,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86656479,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"4","first_page":"122","last_page":"122"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12874","display_name":"Digital Imaging for Blood Diseases","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12874","display_name":"Digital Imaging for Blood Diseases","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12859","display_name":"Cell Image Analysis Techniques","score":0.9833999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.7816711664199829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7238490581512451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regularization","display_name":"Regularization (linguistics)","score":0.6375131607055664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6119747757911682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/locality","display_name":"Locality","score":0.5463760495185852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.5085002183914185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white-blood-cell","display_name":"White blood cell","score":0.45678409934043884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-set","display_name":"Data set","score":0.4562687575817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4553840458393097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4522384703159332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4133453369140625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.16760656237602234}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.7816711664199829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7238490581512451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776135515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17143721","display_name":"Regularization (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6375131607055664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6119747757911682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779808786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6664603","display_name":"Locality","level":2,"score":0.5463760495185852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.5085002183914185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778488018","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42395","display_name":"White blood cell","level":2,"score":0.45678409934043884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58489278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172284","display_name":"Data set","level":2,"score":0.4562687575817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4553840458393097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4522384703159332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4133453369140625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.16760656237602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/bdcc6040122","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc6040122","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2504-2289/6/4/122/pdf?version=1667590007","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238752","display_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","issn_l":"2504-2289","issn":["2504-2289"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7585fb036c754a6c9b34229725bfb890","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7585fb036c754a6c9b34229725bfb890","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing, Vol 6, Iss 4, p 122 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2504-2289/6/4/122/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bdcc6040122","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing; Volume 6; Issue 4; Pages: 122","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/bdcc6040122","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc6040122","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2504-2289/6/4/122/pdf?version=1667590007","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238752","display_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","issn_l":"2504-2289","issn":["2504-2289"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.6800000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4308661657.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4308661657.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W104184427","https://openalex.org/W1593119700","https://openalex.org/W2103243046","https://openalex.org/W2344654247","https://openalex.org/W2428185128","https://openalex.org/W2531409750","https://openalex.org/W2587640549","https://openalex.org/W2739179243","https://openalex.org/W2783733999","https://openalex.org/W2789093198","https://openalex.org/W2810323699","https://openalex.org/W2917675508","https://openalex.org/W2920067160","https://openalex.org/W2946948417","https://openalex.org/W2964137095","https://openalex.org/W2968859244","https://openalex.org/W2972435376","https://openalex.org/W2976122503","https://openalex.org/W2979662386","https://openalex.org/W2981725153","https://openalex.org/W2984155152","https://openalex.org/W2991053226","https://openalex.org/W2998825217","https://openalex.org/W2999005247","https://openalex.org/W3003121299","https://openalex.org/W3035565904","https://openalex.org/W3048127440","https://openalex.org/W3080406710","https://openalex.org/W3084048731","https://openalex.org/W3111213018","https://openalex.org/W3112918485","https://openalex.org/W3114200511","https://openalex.org/W3124850888","https://openalex.org/W3126621872","https://openalex.org/W3128834636","https://openalex.org/W3130788242","https://openalex.org/W3138537816","https://openalex.org/W3146366485","https://openalex.org/W3155044816","https://openalex.org/W3179072224","https://openalex.org/W3181008682","https://openalex.org/W3198211691","https://openalex.org/W3199652467","https://openalex.org/W3212386989","https://openalex.org/W4206685736","https://openalex.org/W6635532976","https://openalex.org/W6755038291","https://openalex.org/W6800827285"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2965546495","https://openalex.org/W4389116644","https://openalex.org/W2153315159","https://openalex.org/W3103844505","https://openalex.org/W259157601","https://openalex.org/W4205463238","https://openalex.org/W2761785940","https://openalex.org/W2110523656","https://openalex.org/W1482209366","https://openalex.org/W3131016912"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accurate":[0],"and":[1,30,51,64,95,123],"robust":[2],"human":[3],"immune":[4],"system":[5],"assessment":[6],"through":[7,89],"white":[8,35,78,135],"blood":[9,36,79,136,139],"cell":[10],"evaluation":[11],"require":[12],"computer-aided":[13],"tools":[14,129],"with":[15],"pathologist-level":[16],"accuracy.":[17],"This":[18],"work":[19],"presents":[20],"a":[21,77,120],"multi-attention":[22],"leukocytes":[23],"subtype":[24],"classification":[25],"method":[26],"by":[27,68],"leveraging":[28],"fine-grained":[29],"spatial":[31],"locality":[32],"attributes":[33],"of":[34,76,83,93,104],"cell.":[37,80],"The":[38,55,81,97,116],"proposed":[39,85,117],"framework":[40,57],"comprises":[41],"three":[42],"main":[43],"components:":[44],"texture-aware/attention":[45],"map":[46],"generation":[47],"blocks,":[48],"attention":[49,71],"regularization,":[50],"attention-based":[52],"data":[53],"augmentation.":[54],"developed":[56],"is":[58,119],"applicable":[59],"to":[60,72,112,125,130],"general":[61],"CNN-based":[62],"architectures":[63],"enhances":[65],"decision":[66],"making":[67],"paying":[69],"specific":[70],"the":[73,84,101,105],"discriminative":[74],"regions":[75],"performance":[82,103],"method/model":[86],"was":[87],"evaluated":[88],"an":[90],"extensive":[91],"set":[92],"experiments":[94],"validation.":[96],"obtained":[98],"results":[99],"demonstrate":[100],"superior":[102],"model":[106,118],"achieving":[107],"99.69":[108],"%":[109],"accuracy":[110],"compared":[111],"other":[113],"state-of-the-art":[114],"approaches.":[115],"good":[121],"alternative":[122],"complementary":[124],"existing":[126],"computer":[127],"diagnosis":[128],"assist":[131],"pathologists":[132],"in":[133],"evaluating":[134],"cells":[137],"from":[138],"smear":[140],"images.":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2022-11-13T00:00:00"}
