{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4303613799","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc6040107","title":"Deep Learning-Based Computer-Aided Classification of Amniotic Fluid Using Ultrasound Images from Saudi Arabia","display_name":"Deep Learning-Based Computer-Aided Classification of Amniotic Fluid Using Ultrasound Images from Saudi Arabia","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4303613799","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc6040107"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/bdcc6040107","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc6040107","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2504-2289/6/4/107/pdf?version=1665366310","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238752","display_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","issn_l":"2504-2289","issn":["2504-2289"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2504-2289/6/4/107/pdf?version=1665366310","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033964908","display_name":"Irfan Ullah Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1002-6178"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76571253","display_name":"Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University","ror":"https://ror.org/038cy8j79","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76571253"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Irfan Ullah Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Information Technology, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1002-6178","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Information Technology, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76571253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036961841","display_name":"Nida Aslam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1619-5733"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76571253","display_name":"Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University","ror":"https://ror.org/038cy8j79","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76571253"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nida Aslam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Information Technology, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1619-5733","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Information Technology, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76571253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010318039","display_name":"Fatima M. Anis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4916-8977"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76571253","display_name":"Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University","ror":"https://ror.org/038cy8j79","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76571253"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fatima M. Anis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Information Technology, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4916-8977","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Information Technology, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76571253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055185272","display_name":"Samiha Mirza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3754-6894"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76571253","display_name":"Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University","ror":"https://ror.org/038cy8j79","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76571253"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samiha Mirza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Information Technology, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3754-6894","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Information Technology, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76571253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058594338","display_name":"Alanoud AlOwayed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3599-5090"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76571253","display_name":"Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University","ror":"https://ror.org/038cy8j79","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76571253"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alanoud AlOwayed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Information Technology, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3599-5090","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Information Technology, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76571253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042301811","display_name":"Reef M. Aljuaid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7221-8998"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76571253","display_name":"Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University","ror":"https://ror.org/038cy8j79","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76571253"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reef M. Aljuaid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Information Technology, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7221-8998","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Information Technology, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76571253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064551981","display_name":"Razan M. Bakr","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7023-0886"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76571253","display_name":"Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University","ror":"https://ror.org/038cy8j79","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76571253"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Razan M. Bakr","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Information Technology, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7023-0886","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Information Technology, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76571253"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112858136","display_name":"Nourah Hasan Al Qahtani","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76571253","display_name":"Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University","ror":"https://ror.org/038cy8j79","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76571253"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nourah Hasan Al Qahtani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76571253"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036961841"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76571253"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":1.2087,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80075867,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"4","first_page":"107","last_page":"107"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10549","display_name":"Neonatal Respiratory Health Research","score":0.9866999983787537,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10549","display_name":"Neonatal Respiratory Health Research","score":0.9866999983787537,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11184","display_name":"Neonatal and fetal brain pathology","score":0.9041000008583069,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sonographer","display_name":"Sonographer","score":0.8533437848091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-of-learning","display_name":"Transfer of learning","score":0.7500756978988647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5811266899108887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5762460231781006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amniotic-fluid","display_name":"Amniotic fluid","score":0.5595596432685852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5109266638755798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4435587525367737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrasound","display_name":"Ultrasound","score":0.4430379271507263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neonatal-intensive-care-unit","display_name":"Neonatal intensive care unit","score":0.41698721051216125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.41174066066741943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.38270747661590576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.356140673160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pregnancy","display_name":"Pregnancy","score":0.23858052492141724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fetus","display_name":"Fetus","score":0.21809977293014526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiology","display_name":"Radiology","score":0.17276078462600708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pediatrics","display_name":"Pediatrics","score":0.14309552311897278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13758757710456848}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778941581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11251722","display_name":"Sonographer","level":3,"score":0.8533437848091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150899416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820378","display_name":"Transfer of learning","level":2,"score":0.7500756978988647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5811266899108887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5762460231781006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778194526","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901674","display_name":"Amniotic fluid","level":4,"score":0.5595596432685852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5109266638755798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4435587525367737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143753070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162564","display_name":"Ultrasound","level":2,"score":0.4430379271507263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777091541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9008292","display_name":"Neonatal intensive care unit","level":2,"score":0.41698721051216125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.41174066066741943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.38270747661590576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.356140673160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779234561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11995","display_name":"Pregnancy","level":2,"score":0.23858052492141724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172680121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26513","display_name":"Fetus","level":3,"score":0.21809977293014526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.17276078462600708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.14309552311897278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13758757710456848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/bdcc6040107","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc6040107","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2504-2289/6/4/107/pdf?version=1665366310","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238752","display_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","issn_l":"2504-2289","issn":["2504-2289"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8a09b87a7287417bbf00f829298b4581","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8a09b87a7287417bbf00f829298b4581","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing, Vol 6, Iss 4, p 107 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2504-2289/6/4/107/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bdcc6040107","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing; Volume 6; Issue 4; Pages: 107","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/bdcc6040107","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc6040107","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2504-2289/6/4/107/pdf?version=1665366310","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238752","display_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","issn_l":"2504-2289","issn":["2504-2289"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8500000238418579}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4303613799.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4303613799.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2066979538","https://openalex.org/W2073863057","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2531409750","https://openalex.org/W2612445135","https://openalex.org/W2754228587","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2976548293","https://openalex.org/W2996251533","https://openalex.org/W3027793520","https://openalex.org/W3115187587","https://openalex.org/W3123759929","https://openalex.org/W3135762269","https://openalex.org/W3186435195","https://openalex.org/W3197669520","https://openalex.org/W3209156218","https://openalex.org/W4213174075","https://openalex.org/W4283156748","https://openalex.org/W6787445161"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3047805102","https://openalex.org/W2526371571","https://openalex.org/W4307493836","https://openalex.org/W2160946342","https://openalex.org/W2064512321","https://openalex.org/W2005024658","https://openalex.org/W1966587116","https://openalex.org/W2013650048","https://openalex.org/W1972534295","https://openalex.org/W2782745614"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Amniotic":[0],"Fluid":[1],"(AF)":[2],"refers":[3],"to":[4,36,59,114,140,155,238],"a":[5,21,69,80,99],"protective":[6],"liquid":[7],"surrounding":[8],"the":[9,12,28,38,49,121,141,157,165,181,187,214,224],"fetus":[10],"inside":[11],"amniotic":[13],"sac,":[14],"serving":[15],"multiple":[16],"purposes,":[17],"and":[18,42,56,88,110,132,179,198],"hence":[19],"is":[20,67,79,91,97,104],"key":[22],"indicator":[23],"of":[24,40,51,95,172,176,211],"fetal":[25,243],"health.":[26,244],"Determining":[27],"AF":[29,47,65,77,96,158,225],"levels":[30,159],"at":[31],"an":[32,208,218],"early":[33,74,85],"stage":[34],"helps":[35],"ascertain":[37],"maturation":[39],"lungs":[41],"gastrointestinal":[43],"development,":[44],"etc.":[45],"Low":[46],"entails":[48],"risk":[50],"premature":[52],"birth,":[53],"perinatal":[54],"mortality,":[55],"thereby":[57,227],"admission":[58],"intensive":[60],"care":[61],"unit":[62],"(ICU).":[63],"Moreover,":[64],"level":[66],"also":[68],"critical":[70],"factor":[71],"in":[72,145,153,221,236,241],"determining":[73],"deliveries.":[75],"Hence,":[76],"detection":[78,94,136],"vital":[81],"measurement":[82,109],"required":[83],"during":[84],"ultrasound":[86],"(US),":[87],"its":[89,108],"automation":[90],"essential.":[92],"The":[93,168,202],"usually":[98],"time-consuming":[100],"process":[101,127],"as":[102,116,160],"it":[103,117],"patient":[105],"specific.":[106],"Furthermore,":[107],"accuracy":[111,210],"are":[112],"prone":[113],"errors":[115],"heavily":[118],"depends":[119],"on":[120,233],"sonographer\u2019s":[122],"experience.":[123],"However,":[124],"automating":[125],"this":[126,146],"by":[128],"developing":[129],"robust,":[130],"precise,":[131],"effective":[133,219,230],"methods":[134],"for":[135],"will":[137],"be":[138],"beneficial":[139],"healthcare":[142],"community.":[143],"Therefore,":[144],"paper,":[147],"we":[148],"utilized":[149],"transfer":[150,190,234],"learning":[151,191,235],"models":[152,231],"order":[154,237],"classify":[156],"normal":[161],"or":[162],"abnormal":[163],"using":[164],"US":[166,174],"images.":[167],"dataset":[169,182],"used":[170],"consisted":[171],"166":[173],"images":[175],"pregnant":[177],"women,":[178],"initially":[180],"was":[183],"preprocessed":[184],"before":[185],"training":[186],"model.":[188],"Five":[189],"models,":[192],"namely,":[193],"Xception,":[194],"Densenet,":[195],"InceptionResNet,":[196],"MobileNet,":[197],"ResNet,":[199],"were":[200],"applied.":[201],"results":[203],"showed":[204],"that":[205],"MobileNet":[206],"achieved":[207],"overall":[209],"0.94.":[212],"Overall,":[213],"proposed":[215],"study":[216],"produces":[217],"result":[220],"successfully":[222],"classifying":[223],"levels,":[226],"building":[228],"automated,":[229],"reliant":[232],"aid":[239],"sonographers":[240],"evaluating":[242]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}