{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3047486287","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc4030019","title":"Hybrid Siamese Network for Unconstrained Face Verification and Clustering under Limited Resources","display_name":"Hybrid Siamese Network for Unconstrained Face Verification and Clustering under Limited Resources","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-08-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3047486287","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc4030019","mag":"3047486287"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/bdcc4030019","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc4030019","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2504-2289/4/3/19/pdf?version=1600650645","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238752","display_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","issn_l":"2504-2289","issn":["2504-2289"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2504-2289/4/3/19/pdf?version=1600650645","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059775292","display_name":"Nehal K. Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3855-7707"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145487455","display_name":"Cairo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q21mh05","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nehal K. Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3855-7707","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018521872","display_name":"Elsayed E. Hemayed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5421-7948"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145487455","display_name":"Cairo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q21mh05","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150948","display_name":"Zewail City of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04w5f4y88","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150948"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elsayed E. Hemayed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt","Zewail City of Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology, Giza 12578, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5421-7948","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zewail City of Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology, Giza 12578, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150948"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112683212","display_name":"Magda B. Fayek","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145487455","display_name":"Cairo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q21mh05","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Magda B. Fayek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059775292"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":1.0793,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79962199,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"3","first_page":"19","last_page":"19"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8429270386695862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dbscan","display_name":"DBSCAN","score":0.8042894601821899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.7904741168022156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.7307173609733582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.7025372385978699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6585004925727844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5841699242591858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.5600425601005554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5338901877403259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.5174432396888733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.5003595352172852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.451065331697464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.34637072682380676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.3253193497657776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correlation-clustering","display_name":"Correlation clustering","score":0.19716760516166687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/canopy-clustering-algorithm","display_name":"Canopy clustering algorithm","score":0.17928218841552734}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8429270386695862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46576248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1114630","display_name":"DBSCAN","level":5,"score":0.8042894601821899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.7904741168022156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.7307173609733582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.7025372385978699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6585004925727844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5841699242591858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.5600425601005554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5338901877403259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5174432396888733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.5003595352172852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.451065331697464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.34637072682380676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3253193497657776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94641424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172845","display_name":"Correlation clustering","level":3,"score":0.19716760516166687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104047586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5033439","display_name":"Canopy clustering algorithm","level":4,"score":0.17928218841552734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/bdcc4030019","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc4030019","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2504-2289/4/3/19/pdf?version=1600650645","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238752","display_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","issn_l":"2504-2289","issn":["2504-2289"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9adc89d7239f4a0fa5d85b0f63d84052","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9adc89d7239f4a0fa5d85b0f63d84052","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing, Vol 4, Iss 3, p 19 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2504-2289/4/3/19/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bdcc4030019","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing; Volume 4; Issue 3; Pages: 19","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/bdcc4030019","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc4030019","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2504-2289/4/3/19/pdf?version=1600650645","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238752","display_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","issn_l":"2504-2289","issn":["2504-2289"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5299999713897705}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3047486287.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3047486287.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W801801105","https://openalex.org/W975491072","https://openalex.org/W1509966554","https://openalex.org/W1703179648","https://openalex.org/W1782590233","https://openalex.org/W1895390915","https://openalex.org/W1977556410","https://openalex.org/W1981458038","https://openalex.org/W1986414721","https://openalex.org/W1989702938","https://openalex.org/W1996510517","https://openalex.org/W2024922353","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2096733369","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2126751256","https://openalex.org/W2140609507","https://openalex.org/W2141585940","https://openalex.org/W2144172034","https://openalex.org/W2145033823","https://openalex.org/W2145287260","https://openalex.org/W2155162820","https://openalex.org/W2165698076","https://openalex.org/W2165874743","https://openalex.org/W2169827072","https://openalex.org/W2171590421","https://openalex.org/W2325939864","https://openalex.org/W2336258321","https://openalex.org/W2341528187","https://openalex.org/W2413305997","https://openalex.org/W2482957402","https://openalex.org/W2513140567","https://openalex.org/W2548780814","https://openalex.org/W2584229793","https://openalex.org/W2605359214","https://openalex.org/W2777296966","https://openalex.org/W2778881107","https://openalex.org/W2892306708","https://openalex.org/W2964350391","https://openalex.org/W2989944022","https://openalex.org/W3011933362","https://openalex.org/W3099206234","https://openalex.org/W3101036461","https://openalex.org/W3101998545","https://openalex.org/W6644682428","https://openalex.org/W6674330103","https://openalex.org/W6684578312","https://openalex.org/W6715594571"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3163639875","https://openalex.org/W2364999035","https://openalex.org/W4226497289","https://openalex.org/W2966681114","https://openalex.org/W3176449234","https://openalex.org/W2353158678","https://openalex.org/W2767235736","https://openalex.org/W2045002201","https://openalex.org/W4225278791","https://openalex.org/W4322502698"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"propose":[4],"an":[5,164],"unconstrained":[6],"face":[7,22,61,157],"verification":[8,23],"approach":[9,39,111],"that":[10,26,131,160],"is":[11,64,81,94,126,161,188],"dependent":[12],"on":[13,105,116,140,163],"Hybrid":[14],"Siamese":[15],"architecture":[16,53,71,151],"under":[17],"limited":[18],"resources.":[19],"The":[20,37,69,98,109],"general":[21],"trend":[24],"suggests":[25],"larger":[27],"training":[28,99],"datasets":[29],"and/or":[30],"complex":[31],"architectures":[32],"lead":[33],"to":[34,41,203,206],"higher":[35],"accuracy.":[36],"proposed":[38,70,110,150],"tends":[40],"achieve":[42],"high":[43],"accuracy":[44,114],"while":[45,84],"using":[46],"a":[47,51,102,106,156,183],"small":[48],"dataset":[49],"and":[50,197,201],"simple":[52],"by":[54,148,199],"directly":[55],"learn":[56],"face\u2019s":[57],"similarity/dissimilarity":[58],"from":[59],"raw":[60],"pixels,":[62],"which":[63,125],"critical":[65],"for":[66,96],"various":[67],"applications.":[68],"has":[72],"two":[73],"branches;":[74],"the":[75,85,117,121,135,141,149,168,179],"first":[76],"part":[77],"of":[78,167,172],"these":[79],"branches":[80],"trained":[82],"independently,":[83],"other":[86,129],"parts":[87],"shared":[88],"their":[89],"parameters.":[90],"A":[91],"multi-batch":[92],"algorithm":[93],"utilized":[95],"training.":[97],"process":[100],"takes":[101],"few":[103],"hours":[104],"single":[107],"GPU.":[108],"achieves":[112],"near-human":[113],"(98.9%)":[115],"Labeled":[118],"Faces":[119],"in":[120,134,154],"Wild":[122],"(LFW)":[123],"benchmark,":[124],"competitive":[127],"with":[128,174],"techniques":[130],"are":[132,152],"presented":[133],"literature.":[136],"It":[137,190],"reaches":[138],"99.1%":[139],"Arabian":[142],"faces":[143],"dataset.":[144],"Moreover,":[145],"features":[146],"learned":[147],"used":[153],"building":[155],"clustering":[158,193],"system":[159],"based":[162],"updated":[165],"version":[166],"Density-Based":[169],"Spatial":[170],"Clustering":[171],"Applications":[173],"Noise":[175],"(DBSCAN).":[176],"To":[177],"handle":[178],"cluster":[180],"quality":[181],"challenge,":[182],"novel":[184],"post-clustering":[185],"optimization":[186],"procedure":[187],"proposed.":[189],"outperforms":[191],"popular":[192],"approaches,":[194],"like":[195],"K-Means":[196],"spectral":[198],"0.098":[200],"up":[202],"0.344":[204],"according":[205],"F1-measure.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
