{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7124718869","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc10010036","title":"Extracting Metasystem: A Novel Paradigm to Perceive Complex Systems","display_name":"Extracting Metasystem: A Novel Paradigm to Perceive Complex Systems","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7124718869","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc10010036"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/bdcc10010036","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc10010036","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2504-2289/10/1/36/pdf?version=1768808001","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238752","display_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","issn_l":"2504-2289","issn":["2504-2289"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2504-2289/10/1/36/pdf?version=1768808001","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084113245","display_name":"Xue Jun Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2241-0767"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88830068","display_name":"Shaanxi Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/0170z8493","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88830068"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xue Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Business School, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi\u2019an 710119, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Business School, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi\u2019an 710119, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88830068"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055183642","display_name":"Yingan Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2031-7315"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131919","display_name":"Xi'an University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/038avdt50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ying\u2019an Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Technology, Xi\u2019an 710048, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Technology, Xi\u2019an 710048, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055183642"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.17574152,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"1","first_page":"36","last_page":"36"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11187","display_name":"Nonlinear Dynamics and Pattern Formation","score":0.11079999804496765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11187","display_name":"Nonlinear Dynamics and Pattern Formation","score":0.11079999804496765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14299","display_name":"Complex Systems and Dynamics","score":0.10010000318288803,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10591","display_name":"Theoretical and Computational Physics","score":0.09210000187158585,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3104","display_name":"Condensed Matter Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complex-system","display_name":"Complex system","score":0.7307000160217285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.6796000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.6696000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/core","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","score":0.4489000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.43970000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/divide-and-conquer-algorithms","display_name":"Divide and conquer algorithms","score":0.4309000074863434}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47822265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q854457","display_name":"Complex system","level":2,"score":0.7307000160217285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6887000203132629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.6796000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.6696000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.47049999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2164484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170150","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","level":2,"score":0.4489000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.43970000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71559656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q671298","display_name":"Divide and conquer algorithms","level":2,"score":0.4309000074863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126701199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q264224","display_name":"Complex dynamics","level":2,"score":0.3034999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34947359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q665189","display_name":"Complex network","level":2,"score":0.29190000891685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.2535000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.2533000111579895}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/bdcc10010036","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc10010036","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2504-2289/10/1/36/pdf?version=1768808001","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238752","display_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","issn_l":"2504-2289","issn":["2504-2289"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2a3785abce584cb0a1ab93858de3b268","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2a3785abce584cb0a1ab93858de3b268","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing, Vol 10, Iss 1, p 36 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/bdcc10010036","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc10010036","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2504-2289/10/1/36/pdf?version=1768808001","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238752","display_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","issn_l":"2504-2289","issn":["2504-2289"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.403898686170578,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7124718869.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7124718869.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W273178449","https://openalex.org/W1587744656","https://openalex.org/W2052315882","https://openalex.org/W2084625851","https://openalex.org/W2129315144","https://openalex.org/W2135101040","https://openalex.org/W2151936673","https://openalex.org/W2152535969","https://openalex.org/W2498875410","https://openalex.org/W2794950718","https://openalex.org/W2890423752","https://openalex.org/W2894064669","https://openalex.org/W2935484188","https://openalex.org/W2948120580","https://openalex.org/W2963662775","https://openalex.org/W2963748097","https://openalex.org/W3029947503","https://openalex.org/W3031477568","https://openalex.org/W3107156000","https://openalex.org/W3158396846","https://openalex.org/W3202447693","https://openalex.org/W3211904979","https://openalex.org/W4220707454","https://openalex.org/W4225908978","https://openalex.org/W4291653264","https://openalex.org/W4323670197","https://openalex.org/W4386422911","https://openalex.org/W4387520316","https://openalex.org/W4392506113","https://openalex.org/W4396746208","https://openalex.org/W4399352392","https://openalex.org/W4401214290","https://openalex.org/W4403598622","https://openalex.org/W4404479658","https://openalex.org/W4407957656","https://openalex.org/W4412375702"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abundant":[0],"evidence":[1],"shows":[2],"that":[3,18],"there":[4],"is":[5],"a":[6,10,27,71,98,108],"core":[7],"component":[8,128],"within":[9],"complex":[11,28,37,52,99,113],"system,":[12],"referred":[13],"to":[14,44,79],"as":[15],"the":[16,21,55,123],"metasystem,":[17],"fundamentally":[19],"shapes":[20],"structural":[22],"and":[23,50,77,93,104,129],"dynamical":[24],"characteristics":[25],"of":[26,32,57,126],"system.":[29],"The":[30,83],"limitations":[31],"existing":[33],"techniques":[34],"for":[35,47,111],"analyzing":[36,51],"systems":[38],"have":[39],"made":[40],"it":[41],"increasingly":[42],"desirable":[43],"extract":[45,80],"metasystems":[46,59],"modeling,":[48],"measuring,":[49],"phenomena.":[53],"However,":[54],"methods":[56],"extracting":[58],"are":[60],"still":[61],"in":[62,89],"their":[63,130],"infancy":[64],"with":[65],"various":[66],"shortcomings.":[67],"Here,":[68],"we":[69],"propose":[70],"universal":[72],"framework":[73],"based":[74],"on":[75],"divide":[76],"conquer":[78],"fine-grained":[81],"metasystems.":[82],"method":[84],"comprises":[85],"three":[86],"stages":[87],"performed":[88],"sequence:":[90],"partitioning,":[91],"sampling,":[92],"optimizing.":[94],"It":[95],"can":[96,117],"decompose":[97],"system":[100],"into":[101],"interconnected":[102],"metasystem":[103],"non-metasystem":[105],"components,":[106],"providing":[107],"lightweight":[109],"perspective":[110],"studying":[112],"systems:":[114],"essential":[115],"insights":[116],"be":[118],"gained":[119],"by":[120],"merely":[121],"examining":[122],"internal":[124],"mechanisms":[125],"each":[127],"interaction":[131],"patterns.":[132]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-12T06:13:28.667946","created_date":"2026-01-20T00:00:00"}
