{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7117762704","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc10010013","title":"Adversarial Perturbations for Defeating Cryptographic Algorithm Identification","display_name":"Adversarial Perturbations for Defeating Cryptographic Algorithm Identification","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7117762704","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc10010013"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/bdcc10010013","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc10010013","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2504-2289/10/1/13/pdf?version=1767176510","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238752","display_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","issn_l":"2504-2289","issn":["2504-2289"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2504-2289/10/1/13/pdf?version=1767176510","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088802470","display_name":"Shuijun Yin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuijun Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information and Communication, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China","Wuhan Maritime Communication Research Institute, Wuhan 430079, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information and Communication, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan Maritime Communication Research Institute, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121624439","display_name":"Di Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Di Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1990-4323","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044699973","display_name":"Haiwen Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6020-7731"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Haolan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information and Communication, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information and Communication, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121645550","display_name":"Heng Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information and Communication, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information and Communication, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071581436","display_name":"Zhiyuan Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7211-1506"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiyuan Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information and Communication, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information and Communication, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078339600","display_name":"W. H. Yuan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information and Communication, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information and Communication, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044699973"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78673948,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"1","first_page":"13","last_page":"13"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.7321000099182129,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.7321000099182129,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.08179999887943268,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.08139999955892563,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ciphertext","display_name":"Ciphertext","score":0.7971000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.6754000186920166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cipher","display_name":"Cipher","score":0.6101999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.47099998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nist","display_name":"NIST","score":0.46549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.4603999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptographic-primitive","display_name":"Cryptographic primitive","score":0.40400001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.3815999925136566}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93974786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1589480","display_name":"Ciphertext","level":3,"score":0.7971000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.6754000186920166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6459000110626221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780221543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4681865","display_name":"Cipher","level":3,"score":0.6101999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.49079999327659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.47099998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111219384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6954384","display_name":"NIST","level":2,"score":0.46549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.4603999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.45190000534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15927051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q246593","display_name":"Cryptographic primitive","level":4,"score":0.40400001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.3815999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.35010001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164614171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5204775","display_name":"DECIPHER","level":2,"score":0.32600000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986587452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938438","display_name":"Statistical analysis","level":2,"score":0.30889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114289077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3284399","display_name":"Statistical model","level":2,"score":0.301800012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.2973000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181149355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897511","display_name":"Cryptanalysis","level":3,"score":0.26989999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.263700008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51823790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504353","display_name":"Greedy algorithm","level":2,"score":0.26109999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2599000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.2540000081062317}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/bdcc10010013","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc10010013","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2504-2289/10/1/13/pdf?version=1767176510","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238752","display_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","issn_l":"2504-2289","issn":["2504-2289"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c1a7ba8a9a334214a167fcdc06705acb","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c1a7ba8a9a334214a167fcdc06705acb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing, Vol 10, Iss 1, p 13 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/bdcc10010013","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc10010013","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2504-2289/10/1/13/pdf?version=1767176510","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238752","display_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","issn_l":"2504-2289","issn":["2504-2289"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.6267174482345581,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7117762704.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7117762704.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W188560706","https://openalex.org/W1489027369","https://openalex.org/W1512062395","https://openalex.org/W1971830904","https://openalex.org/W2002356434","https://openalex.org/W2013337409","https://openalex.org/W2042324388","https://openalex.org/W2094690792","https://openalex.org/W2110241002","https://openalex.org/W2128546931","https://openalex.org/W2162442687","https://openalex.org/W2538554912","https://openalex.org/W2765424254","https://openalex.org/W2889933238","https://openalex.org/W2913096296","https://openalex.org/W2963857521","https://openalex.org/W3084142593","https://openalex.org/W4388333340","https://openalex.org/W4388726911","https://openalex.org/W4391564081","https://openalex.org/W4408750170","https://openalex.org/W4410420573","https://openalex.org/W4410955931"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"advances":[1],"in":[2],"machine":[3],"learning":[4],"have":[5],"enabled":[6],"highly":[7],"effective":[8],"ciphertext-based":[9],"cryptographic":[10,72,105],"algorithm":[11,73],"identification,":[12],"posing":[13],"a":[14,32,95,138,143],"potential":[15],"threat":[16],"to":[17,65],"encrypted":[18,148],"communication.":[19],"Inspired":[20],"by":[21,120],"adversarial":[22],"example":[23],"techniques,":[24],"we":[25],"present":[26],"CSPM":[27,115,136],"(Class-Specific":[28],"Perturbation":[29],"Mask":[30],"Generation),":[31],"novel":[33],"adversarial-defense":[34],"framework":[35],"that":[36,51,114,126],"enhances":[37],"ciphertext":[38,54],"unidentifiability":[39],"through":[40],"misleading":[41],"machine-learning-based":[42,153],"cipher":[43,85],"classifiers.":[44],"CPSM":[45],"constructs":[46],"lightweight,":[47],"reversible":[48],"bit-level":[49],"perturbations":[50],"alter":[52],"statistical":[53,93,110,151],"features":[55],"without":[56],"affecting":[57],"legitimate":[58],"decryption.":[59],"The":[60],"method":[61],"leverages":[62],"class":[63],"prototypes":[64],"capture":[66],"representative":[67],"bit-distribution":[68],"patterns":[69],"for":[70,146],"each":[71],"and":[74,87,107,152],"integrates":[75],"two":[76],"complementary":[77],"mechanisms\u2014mimicry-based":[78],"perturbing,":[79,89],"which":[80,90],"steers":[81],"ciphertexts":[82],"toward":[83],"similar":[84],"classes,":[86],"distortion-based":[88],"disrupts":[91],"distinctive":[92],"traits\u2014through":[94],"ranking-based":[96],"greedy":[97],"search.":[98],"Extensive":[99],"experiments":[100],"on":[101],"seven":[102],"widely":[103],"used":[104],"algorithms":[106],"fifteen":[108],"NIST":[109],"feature":[111],"configurations":[112],"demonstrate":[113],"consistently":[116],"reduces":[117],"algorithm-identification":[118],"accuracy":[119],"over":[121],"25%.":[122],"These":[123],"results":[124],"confirm":[125],"perturbation":[127],"position":[128],"selection,":[129],"rather":[130],"than":[131],"magnitude,":[132],"dominates":[133],"attack":[134],"efficacy.":[135],"provides":[137],"practical":[139],"defense":[140],"mechanism,":[141],"offering":[142],"new":[144],"perspective":[145],"safeguarding":[147],"communications":[149],"against":[150],"traffic":[154],"analysis.":[155]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-12-31T00:00:00"}