{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7117824371","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc10010011","title":"NovAc-DL: Novel Activity Recognition Based on Deep Learning in the Real-Time Environment","display_name":"NovAc-DL: Novel Activity Recognition Based on Deep Learning in the Real-Time Environment","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7117824371","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc10010011"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/bdcc10010011","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc10010011","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2504-2289/10/1/11/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238752","display_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","issn_l":"2504-2289","issn":["2504-2289"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2504-2289/10/1/11/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047563653","display_name":"Saksham Singla","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162030827","display_name":"Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00wdq3744","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162030827"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Saksham Singla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Engineering Department, Thapar Institute of Engineering Technology, Patiala 147004, Punjab, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Engineering Department, Thapar Institute of Engineering Technology, Patiala 147004, Punjab, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162030827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121664364","display_name":"Sheral Singla","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162030827","display_name":"Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00wdq3744","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162030827"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sheral Singla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Engineering Department, Thapar Institute of Engineering Technology, Patiala 147004, Punjab, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Engineering Department, Thapar Institute of Engineering Technology, Patiala 147004, Punjab, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162030827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121683741","display_name":"Karan Singla","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167153416","display_name":"Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02zrtpp84","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167153416"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karan Singla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chemical Engineering Department, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology (VNIT), Nagpur 440010, Maharashtra, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chemical Engineering Department, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology (VNIT), Nagpur 440010, Maharashtra, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167153416"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044238304","display_name":"Priya Kansal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1361-1674"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162030827","display_name":"Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00wdq3744","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162030827"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Priya Kansal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Engineering Department, Thapar Institute of Engineering Technology, Patiala 147004, Punjab, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Engineering Department, Thapar Institute of Engineering Technology, Patiala 147004, Punjab, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162030827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Sachin Kansal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0748-4039"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162030827","display_name":"Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00wdq3744","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162030827"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sachin Kansal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Engineering Department, Thapar Institute of Engineering Technology, Patiala 147004, Punjab, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0748-4039","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Engineering Department, Thapar Institute of Engineering Technology, Patiala 147004, Punjab, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162030827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003348712","display_name":"Alka Bishnoi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6298-4963"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47449453","display_name":"Kean University","ror":"https://ror.org/04wzzqn13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47449453"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alka Bishnoi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Professions and Human Services, Kean University, Union, NJ 07083, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6298-4963","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Professions and Human Services, Kean University, Union, NJ 07083, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47449453"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068303204","display_name":"J. Narayan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132153292","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Patna","ror":"https://ror.org/01ft5vz71","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132153292"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jyotindra Narayan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Patna 801106, Bihar, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2499-6039","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Patna 801106, Bihar, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132153292"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047563653"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162030827"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60744285,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"1","first_page":"11","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.9466999769210815,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.9466999769210815,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.021900000050663948,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.01080000028014183,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/activity-recognition","display_name":"Activity recognition","score":0.7882999777793884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.7613000273704529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.4948999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.43540000915527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.4180999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion","display_name":"Motion (physics)","score":0.4178999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.4115000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.41119998693466187}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121687571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4677630","display_name":"Activity recognition","level":2,"score":0.7882999777793884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.7613000273704529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.73089998960495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.4948999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.47690001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.43540000915527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.4180999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104114177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79782","display_name":"Motion (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4178999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.4115000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.41119998693466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3183000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.30320000648498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.30219998955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.2953000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987834672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4677630","display_name":"Action recognition","level":3,"score":0.2930000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.27239999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66024118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122506","display_name":"Computational model","level":2,"score":0.2718000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175154964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380077","display_name":"Task analysis","level":3,"score":0.2685000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.2678999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.25450000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.25429999828338623}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/bdcc10010011","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc10010011","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2504-2289/10/1/11/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238752","display_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","issn_l":"2504-2289","issn":["2504-2289"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:51ce6c9b37fa4e1f996674f5c1945fa9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/51ce6c9b37fa4e1f996674f5c1945fa9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing, Vol 10, Iss 1, p 11 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/bdcc10010011","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc10010011","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2504-2289/10/1/11/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238752","display_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","issn_l":"2504-2289","issn":["2504-2289"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7117824371.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7117824371.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2016053056","https://openalex.org/W2126579184","https://openalex.org/W2136922672","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2951183276","https://openalex.org/W2982054448","https://openalex.org/W2990987289","https://openalex.org/W2997281645","https://openalex.org/W3084290722","https://openalex.org/W3091499488","https://openalex.org/W3121529912","https://openalex.org/W3176974604","https://openalex.org/W3206763940","https://openalex.org/W3207662977","https://openalex.org/W4293516384","https://openalex.org/W4311916919","https://openalex.org/W4317624908","https://openalex.org/W4319300754","https://openalex.org/W4320523334","https://openalex.org/W4321352771","https://openalex.org/W4377021900","https://openalex.org/W4379193822","https://openalex.org/W4385801335","https://openalex.org/W4385880737","https://openalex.org/W4390190754","https://openalex.org/W4390507098","https://openalex.org/W4399953125","https://openalex.org/W4400063283","https://openalex.org/W4404216528","https://openalex.org/W4405490638","https://openalex.org/W4410473058","https://openalex.org/W4412519626"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Real-time":[0],"fine-grained":[1],"human":[2],"activity":[3],"recognition":[4,62],"(HAR)":[5],"remains":[6],"a":[7,28,78,138],"challenging":[8],"problem":[9],"due":[10],"to":[11,34,59,124,128],"rapid":[12],"spatial\u2013temporal":[13],"variations,":[14],"subtle":[15],"motion":[16],"differences,":[17],"and":[18,42,75,86,113,130,149],"dynamic":[19],"environmental":[20],"conditions.":[21,66],"Addressing":[22],"this":[23],"difficulty,":[24],"we":[25],"propose":[26],"NovAc-DL,":[27],"unified":[29],"deep":[30],"learning":[31],"framework":[32,49],"designed":[33],"accurately":[35],"classify":[36],"short":[37],"human-like":[38],"actions,":[39],"specifically,":[40],"\u201cpour\u201d":[41],"\u201cstir\u201d":[43],"from":[44],"sequential":[45],"video":[46],"data.":[47],"The":[48],"integrates":[50],"adaptive":[51],"time-distributed":[52],"convolutional":[53],"encoding":[54],"with":[55,99],"temporal":[56],"reasoning":[57],"modules":[58],"enable":[60],"robust":[61],"under":[63],"realistic":[64],"robotic-interaction":[65],"A":[67],"balanced":[68],"dataset":[69],"of":[70],"2000":[71],"videos":[72],"was":[73],"curated":[74],"processed":[76],"through":[77],"consistent":[79],"spatiotemporal":[80],"pipeline.":[81],"Three":[82],"architectures,":[83],"LRCN,":[84],"CNN-TD,":[85],"ConvLSTM,":[87],"were":[88],"systematically":[89],"evaluated.":[90],"CNN-TD":[91],"achieved":[92],"the":[93,100,106],"best":[94],"performance,":[95],"reaching":[96],"98.68%":[97],"accuracy":[98],"lowest":[101],"test":[102],"loss":[103],"(0.0236),":[104],"outperforming":[105],"other":[107],"models":[108],"in":[109,144],"convergence":[110],"speed,":[111],"generalization,":[112],"computational":[114],"efficiency.":[115],"Grad-CAM":[116],"visualizations":[117],"further":[118],"confirm":[119],"that":[120],"NovAc-DL":[121,136],"reliably":[122],"attends":[123],"motion-salient":[125],"regions":[126],"relevant":[127],"pouring":[129],"stirring":[131],"gestures.":[132],"These":[133],"results":[134],"establish":[135],"as":[137],"high-precision":[139],"real-time-capable":[140],"solution":[141],"for":[142],"deployment":[143],"healthcare":[145],"monitoring,":[146],"industrial":[147],"automation,":[148],"collaborative":[150],"robotics.":[151]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-12-31T00:00:00"}