{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399335360","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms13060378","title":"Research on the Validity of Bootstrap LM-Error Test in Spatial Random Effect Models","display_name":"Research on the Validity of Bootstrap LM-Error Test in Spatial Random Effect Models","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399335360","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms13060378"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/axioms13060378","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/axioms13060378","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1680/13/6/378/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173132","display_name":"Axioms","issn_l":"2075-1680","issn":["2075-1680"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Axioms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1680/13/6/378/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033123851","display_name":"Tongxian Ren","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37987034","display_name":"Guangzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ar8rn06","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tongxian Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Economics and Statistics, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics and Statistics, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024718990","display_name":"Lin Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6952-824X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Economics and Finance, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics and Finance, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112280639","display_name":"Zhengliang Ren","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37987034","display_name":"Guangzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ar8rn06","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhengliang Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Economics and Statistics, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics and Statistics, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112280639"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.11614519,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"6","first_page":"378","last_page":"378"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11911","display_name":"Spatial and Panel Data Analysis","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11911","display_name":"Spatial and Panel Data Analysis","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test","display_name":"Test (biology)","score":0.5202594995498657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-error","display_name":"Random error","score":0.4827660620212555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.48214074969291687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics","display_name":"Econometrics","score":0.4719868302345276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3753764033317566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3314918279647827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.09792253375053406}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5202594995498657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73782692","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q196372","display_name":"Random error","level":2,"score":0.4827660620212555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.48214074969291687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.4719868302345276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3753764033317566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3314918279647827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.09792253375053406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/axioms13060378","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/axioms13060378","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1680/13/6/378/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173132","display_name":"Axioms","issn_l":"2075-1680","issn":["2075-1680"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Axioms","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9882453706314d5397dd15853183bbc8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9882453706314d5397dd15853183bbc8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Axioms, Vol 13, Iss 6, p 378 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2075-1680/13/6/378/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/axioms13060378","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Axioms","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/axioms13060378","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/axioms13060378","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1680/13/6/378/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173132","display_name":"Axioms","issn_l":"2075-1680","issn":["2075-1680"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Axioms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322724","display_name":"Ministry of Education, India","ror":"https://ror.org/048xjjh50"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4399335360.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W659099485","https://openalex.org/W1973554447","https://openalex.org/W2003628090","https://openalex.org/W2022618743","https://openalex.org/W2038505523","https://openalex.org/W2058078575","https://openalex.org/W2082108991","https://openalex.org/W2085876077","https://openalex.org/W2117897510","https://openalex.org/W2119445008","https://openalex.org/W2121337564","https://openalex.org/W2127236490","https://openalex.org/W2128793744","https://openalex.org/W2164380650","https://openalex.org/W2164961541","https://openalex.org/W6651587428"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W1979597421","https://openalex.org/W2007980826","https://openalex.org/W2061531152","https://openalex.org/W3002753104","https://openalex.org/W2077600819","https://openalex.org/W2142036596","https://openalex.org/W2072657027","https://openalex.org/W2600246793","https://openalex.org/W2006412828"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Under":[0],"the":[1,7,30,49,52,62,65,106,111,123,130,137,141,145,156,162,166],"condition":[2,63],"of":[3,51,84,120,140,153],"non-classical":[4],"distributed":[5],"errors,":[6],"test":[8,42,55,109,133,143,169,176],"for":[9],"spatial":[10,13,37,43,57,112,177,181],"dependence":[11,178],"in":[12,56,110,155,179],"panel":[14,38],"data":[15,39],"models":[16,40,60],"is":[17,149,170],"still":[18],"a":[19,69,117,171,180],"problem":[20],"waiting":[21],"to":[22,36,41,47,94,161,175],"be":[23],"solved.":[24],"In":[25,45],"this":[26],"paper,":[27],"we":[28,76],"apply":[29],"FDB":[31,131,157,167],"(Fast":[32],"Double":[33],"Bootstrap)":[34],"method":[35,174],"dependence.":[44],"order":[46],"research":[48],"validity":[50],"Bootstrap":[53,78],"LM-Error":[54,79,108,132,164,168],"random":[58,113,182],"effect":[59],"under":[61],"that":[64,105,147],"error":[66,124],"term":[67,125],"obeys":[68],"normal":[70],"distribution,":[71],"heteroscedasticity,":[72],"or":[73],"time-series":[74],"correlation,":[75],"construct":[77],"statistics":[80],"and":[81,91],"make":[82],"use":[83],"Monte":[85,100],"Carlo":[86,101],"simulation":[87,102],"from":[88],"size":[89,119,138],"distortion":[90,121,139],"power":[92,154],"aspects":[93],"carry":[95],"out":[96],"our":[97],"research.":[98],"The":[99],"results":[103],"show":[104],"asymptotic":[107,142,163],"effects":[114,183],"model":[115],"has":[116],"large":[118],"when":[122],"disobeys":[126],"classical":[127],"distribution.":[128],"However,":[129],"can":[134],"effectively":[135],"correct":[136],"with":[144],"precondition":[146],"there":[148],"nearly":[150],"no":[151],"loss":[152],"test.":[158],"Obviously,":[159],"compared":[160],"test,":[165],"more":[172],"valid":[173],"model.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}