{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4366988818","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms12050418","title":"Risk Analysis: Changing the Story with the Statistical Stochastic Process and VaR","display_name":"Risk Analysis: Changing the Story with the Statistical Stochastic Process and VaR","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-04-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4366988818","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms12050418"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/axioms12050418","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms12050418","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1680/12/5/418/pdf?version=1682394373","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173132","display_name":"Axioms","issn_l":"2075-1680","issn":["2075-1680"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Axioms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1680/12/5/418/pdf?version=1682394373","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084084520","display_name":"Liang\u2010Chuan Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3931-4034"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4880106","display_name":"Feng Chia University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vhczg54","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4880106"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lianghong Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Statistics, Feng Chia University, Taichung 407102, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistics, Feng Chia University, Taichung 407102, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4880106"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084084520"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4880106"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.04073459,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"5","first_page":"418","last_page":"418"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14306","display_name":"Technology Assessment and Management","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14306","display_name":"Technology Assessment and Management","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11976","display_name":"Capital Investment and Risk Analysis","score":0.9851999878883362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10395","display_name":"Construction Project Management and Performance","score":0.9501000046730042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-inference","display_name":"Statistical inference","score":0.6361486911773682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.5915091633796692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/portfolio","display_name":"Portfolio","score":0.5745542049407959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5417483448982239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5005991458892822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-management","display_name":"Risk management","score":0.4797614514827728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/new-product-development","display_name":"New product development","score":0.4514804780483246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management-science","display_name":"Management science","score":0.41287481784820557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics","display_name":"Econometrics","score":0.37427932024002075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.33937203884124756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.2565298080444336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.2454405426979065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17531225085258484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.14116999506950378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13561636209487915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.11855480074882507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finance","display_name":"Finance","score":0.09557217359542847}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134261354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938438","display_name":"Statistical inference","level":2,"score":0.6361486911773682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.5915091633796692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780821815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5340806","display_name":"Portfolio","level":2,"score":0.5745542049407959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5417483448982239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5005991458892822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32896092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189447","display_name":"Risk management","level":2,"score":0.4797614514827728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19351080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1395034","display_name":"New product development","level":2,"score":0.4514804780483246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.41287481784820557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.37427932024002075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.33937203884124756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.2565298080444336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2454405426979065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17531225085258484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.14116999506950378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13561636209487915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.11855480074882507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.09557217359542847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/axioms12050418","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms12050418","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1680/12/5/418/pdf?version=1682394373","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173132","display_name":"Axioms","issn_l":"2075-1680","issn":["2075-1680"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Axioms","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7bb5eb9a312a4e5f99ecfa63d4173970","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7bb5eb9a312a4e5f99ecfa63d4173970","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Axioms, Vol 12, Iss 5, p 418 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2075-1680/12/5/418/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/axioms12050418","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Axioms; Volume 12; Issue 5; Pages: 418","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/axioms12050418","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms12050418","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1680/12/5/418/pdf?version=1682394373","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173132","display_name":"Axioms","issn_l":"2075-1680","issn":["2075-1680"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Axioms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4366988818.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":72,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1516391651","https://openalex.org/W1604244873","https://openalex.org/W1879169835","https://openalex.org/W1971626803","https://openalex.org/W1973507437","https://openalex.org/W2000300733","https://openalex.org/W2010443881","https://openalex.org/W2012428518","https://openalex.org/W2038619664","https://openalex.org/W2042406586","https://openalex.org/W2057556675","https://openalex.org/W2078864823","https://openalex.org/W2083729462","https://openalex.org/W2091070000","https://openalex.org/W2102236737","https://openalex.org/W2111916812","https://openalex.org/W2112925631","https://openalex.org/W2116897501","https://openalex.org/W2123339224","https://openalex.org/W2147409175","https://openalex.org/W2150658633","https://openalex.org/W2279611583","https://openalex.org/W2300089440","https://openalex.org/W2598851550","https://openalex.org/W2767899030","https://openalex.org/W2884775670","https://openalex.org/W2889244697","https://openalex.org/W2889578227","https://openalex.org/W2889692630","https://openalex.org/W2896684570","https://openalex.org/W2900608357","https://openalex.org/W2902675753","https://openalex.org/W2906280439","https://openalex.org/W2921292607","https://openalex.org/W2937695370","https://openalex.org/W2948971216","https://openalex.org/W2957191188","https://openalex.org/W2962751589","https://openalex.org/W2963755282","https://openalex.org/W2969945963","https://openalex.org/W2980412932","https://openalex.org/W2989176401","https://openalex.org/W2991880995","https://openalex.org/W3019152488","https://openalex.org/W3038705731","https://openalex.org/W3044964929","https://openalex.org/W3048788895","https://openalex.org/W3081616764","https://openalex.org/W3083751307","https://openalex.org/W3092161962","https://openalex.org/W3096671486","https://openalex.org/W3102759967","https://openalex.org/W3114697130","https://openalex.org/W3155186541","https://openalex.org/W3166328929","https://openalex.org/W3196197748","https://openalex.org/W3198021268","https://openalex.org/W4206763728","https://openalex.org/W4213215629","https://openalex.org/W4224067857","https://openalex.org/W4226369406","https://openalex.org/W4280581292","https://openalex.org/W4291003812","https://openalex.org/W4295788949","https://openalex.org/W4311172801","https://openalex.org/W4313423329","https://openalex.org/W4313472336","https://openalex.org/W4313656743","https://openalex.org/W4319986886","https://openalex.org/W4323820828","https://openalex.org/W4365787967","https://openalex.org/W6800219778"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3201861680","https://openalex.org/W2044090075","https://openalex.org/W2996452312","https://openalex.org/W2768197547","https://openalex.org/W4286620652","https://openalex.org/W2000491696","https://openalex.org/W2738995178","https://openalex.org/W3007569387","https://openalex.org/W3036930148","https://openalex.org/W2081843005"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0,46],"the":[1,37,42,47,88,100,116,125,139,150,157,164],"dramatically":[2],"increased":[3],"demand":[4],"for":[5,17,91,204],"data":[6],"analysis,":[7],"statistical":[8,31,78],"techniques":[9,23],"play":[10],"a":[11,182],"key":[12],"role":[13,152,184],"in":[14,33,99,124,156,185],"modern":[15],"society":[16],"both":[18],"academics":[19,205],"and":[20,41,56,65,81,162,187,206],"practitioners.":[21,207],"Statistical":[22],"have":[24],"been":[25],"evolving":[26],"from":[27],"descriptive":[28],"statistics":[29],"to":[30,76,86,108,138],"inference":[32],"fields":[34],"that":[35,118,129,153],"require":[36],"evaluation":[38,96],"of":[39,44,50,102,142,159,193],"uncertainty":[40,141,154,180],"quantification":[43],"risks.":[45],"growing":[48],"complexity":[49],"various":[51],"fields,":[52],"such":[53],"as":[54,59,61,105],"manufacturing":[55],"industrial":[57],"applications,":[58],"well":[60],"business":[62],"decision-making,":[63],"modeling":[64,198],"quantifying":[66],"risks":[67],"has":[68],"become":[69],"essential.":[70],"In":[71,145],"this":[72,146,194],"paper,":[73],"we":[74,148,177],"aimed":[75],"use":[77],"risk":[79],"analysis":[80],"Value":[82,173],"at":[83,174],"Risk":[84,175],"(VaR)":[85],"address":[87],"decision":[89],"problem":[90],"project":[92,103],"portfolios.":[93,190],"Traditional":[94],"economic":[95],"criteria":[97],"used":[98],"management":[101],"portfolios,":[104,161],"they":[106],"pertain":[107],"new":[109],"product":[110],"development":[111],"(NPD),":[112],"are":[113,202],"based":[114],"on":[115],"assumption":[117,128],"pinpoint":[119],"estimations":[120],"will":[121],"remain":[122],"constant":[123],"future.":[126],"The":[127,191],"NPD":[130,143,160,189,199],"is":[131,134],"static,":[132],"however,":[133],"clearly":[135],"unrealistic":[136],"due":[137],"inherent":[140],"projects.":[144],"study,":[147],"stress":[149],"critical":[151,183],"plays":[155,181],"selection":[158],"clarify":[163],"reasons":[165],"why":[166],"it":[167],"must":[168],"not":[169],"be":[170],"overlooked.":[171],"Using":[172],"measurements,":[176],"show":[178],"how":[179],"evaluating":[186],"prioritizing":[188],"implications":[192],"study":[195],"regarding":[196],"statistically":[197],"portfolio":[200],"decisions":[201],"provided":[203]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}