{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4366090908","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms12040378","title":"Reinsurance Policy under Interest Force and Bankruptcy Prohibition","display_name":"Reinsurance Policy under Interest Force and Bankruptcy Prohibition","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-04-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4366090908","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms12040378"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/axioms12040378","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms12040378","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1680/12/4/378/pdf?version=1681618229","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173132","display_name":"Axioms","issn_l":"2075-1680","issn":["2075-1680"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Axioms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1680/12/4/378/pdf?version=1681618229","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082762876","display_name":"Yangmin Zhong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181679659","display_name":"Shanghai University of Finance and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/00wtvfq62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181679659"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yangmin Zhong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Law, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai 200433, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Law, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai 200433, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181679659"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075704161","display_name":"Huaping Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1836-2873"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50180762","display_name":"Chongqing Three Gorges University","ror":"https://ror.org/05rs3pv16","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50180762"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Huaping Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics and Statistics, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou 404020, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou 404020, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50180762"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5075704161"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50180762"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.04752435,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"4","first_page":"378","last_page":"378"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11720","display_name":"Probability and Risk Models","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11720","display_name":"Probability and Risk Models","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12394","display_name":"Insurance and Financial Risk Management","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12011","display_name":"Insurance, Mortality, Demography, Risk Management","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinsurance","display_name":"Reinsurance","score":0.9717886447906494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bankruptcy","display_name":"Bankruptcy","score":0.7617493867874146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-control","display_name":"Stochastic control","score":0.673795223236084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hamilton\u2013jacobi\u2013bellman-equation","display_name":"Hamilton\u2013Jacobi\u2013Bellman equation","score":0.5837587118148804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exponential-utility","display_name":"Exponential utility","score":0.5219849348068237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.49232614040374756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.4692147970199585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bellman-equation","display_name":"Bellman equation","score":0.46526363492012024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terminal","display_name":"Terminal (telecommunication)","score":0.45929354429244995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimal-control","display_name":"Optimal control","score":0.45597633719444275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constant","display_name":"Constant (computer programming)","score":0.4483010172843933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.442534863948822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dual","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","score":0.4400466978549957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-economics","display_name":"Mathematical economics","score":0.3569655418395996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/actuarial-science","display_name":"Actuarial science","score":0.32116514444351196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.29471802711486816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.27102500200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finance","display_name":"Finance","score":0.2621430456638336}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166970017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q476118","display_name":"Reinsurance","level":2,"score":0.9717886447906494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C504631918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q152074","display_name":"Bankruptcy","level":2,"score":0.7617493867874146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170131372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7617811","display_name":"Stochastic control","level":3,"score":0.673795223236084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196978813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3302775","display_name":"Hamilton\u2013Jacobi\u2013Bellman equation","level":3,"score":0.5837587118148804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778475510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421533","display_name":"Exponential utility","level":2,"score":0.5219849348068237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.49232614040374756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.4692147970199585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14646407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430750","display_name":"Bellman equation","level":2,"score":0.46526363492012024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779664074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3518405","display_name":"Terminal (telecommunication)","level":2,"score":0.45929354429244995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91575142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1971426","display_name":"Optimal control","level":2,"score":0.45597633719444275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777027219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1284190","display_name":"Constant (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.4483010172843933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.442534863948822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780980858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110022","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","level":2,"score":0.4400466978549957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.3569655418395996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.32116514444351196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.29471802711486816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.27102500200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.2621430456638336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/axioms12040378","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms12040378","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1680/12/4/378/pdf?version=1681618229","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173132","display_name":"Axioms","issn_l":"2075-1680","issn":["2075-1680"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Axioms","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b0363df6655c466381549f7bc025520b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b0363df6655c466381549f7bc025520b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Axioms, Vol 12, Iss 4, p 378 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2075-1680/12/4/378/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/axioms12040378","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Axioms; Volume 12; Issue 4; Pages: 378","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/axioms12040378","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms12040378","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1680/12/4/378/pdf?version=1681618229","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173132","display_name":"Axioms","issn_l":"2075-1680","issn":["2075-1680"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Axioms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5400000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4366090908.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1507126399","https://openalex.org/W1592112088","https://openalex.org/W1972792800","https://openalex.org/W2055761759","https://openalex.org/W2078603552","https://openalex.org/W2082109384","https://openalex.org/W2087520527","https://openalex.org/W2090752464","https://openalex.org/W2142274344","https://openalex.org/W2504710205","https://openalex.org/W2906889608","https://openalex.org/W2909777901","https://openalex.org/W2922009429","https://openalex.org/W2926907612","https://openalex.org/W2963861824","https://openalex.org/W3124574885","https://openalex.org/W3155280805","https://openalex.org/W3187508339"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3003714559","https://openalex.org/W2180817123","https://openalex.org/W3121654678","https://openalex.org/W4306892756","https://openalex.org/W3038259942","https://openalex.org/W3153900688","https://openalex.org/W4301305831","https://openalex.org/W2358967034","https://openalex.org/W2787582544","https://openalex.org/W2951339426"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,99,142],"solve":[4],"an":[5,121],"optimal":[6,130,150],"reinsurance":[7,52,57,92,151],"problem":[8,75],"in":[9,36],"the":[10,17,21,30,37,41,45,56,61,64,73,79,82,91,95,101,105,110,118,125,129,149],"mathematical":[11],"finance":[12],"area.":[13],"We":[14],"assume":[15],"that":[16,147],"surplus":[18],"process":[19,28],"of":[20,72,112,124],"insurance":[22],"company":[23,46],"follows":[24],"a":[25,48,86],"controlled":[26],"diffusion":[27],"and":[29,54,85,128],"constant":[31],"interest":[32],"rate":[33],"is":[34,67,76],"involved":[35],"financial":[38],"model.":[39],"During":[40],"whole":[42],"optimization":[43,74,106],"period,":[44],"has":[47],"choice":[49],"to":[50,77],"buy":[51],"contract":[53],"decide":[55],"retention":[58],"level.":[59],"Meanwhile,":[60],"bankruptcy":[62],"at":[63],"terminal":[65,83],"time":[66],"not":[68],"allowed.":[69],"The":[70],"aim":[71],"minimize":[78],"distance":[80],"between":[81],"wealth":[84],"given":[87],"goal":[88],"by":[89],"controlling":[90],"proportion.":[93],"Using":[94],"stochastic":[96],"control":[97],"theory,":[98],"derive":[100],"Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman":[102],"equation":[103],"for":[104],"problem.":[107],"Via":[108],"adopting":[109],"technique":[111],"changing":[113],"variable":[114],"as":[115,117],"well":[116],"dual":[119],"transformation,":[120],"explicit":[122],"solution":[123],"value":[126],"function":[127],"policy":[131],"are":[132,138],"shown.":[133],"Finally,":[134],"several":[135,144],"numerical":[136],"examples":[137],"shown,":[139],"from":[140],"which":[141],"find":[143],"main":[145],"factors":[146],"affect":[148],"policy.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-02-03T00:53:05.648605","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}