{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4308332872","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms11110610","title":"Evaluating Global Container Shipping Companies: A Novel Approach to Investigating Both Qualitative and Quantitative Criteria for Sustainable Development","display_name":"Evaluating Global Container Shipping Companies: A Novel Approach to Investigating Both Qualitative and Quantitative Criteria for Sustainable Development","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4308332872","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms11110610"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/axioms11110610","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms11110610","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1680/11/11/610/pdf?version=1669095502","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173132","display_name":"Axioms","issn_l":"2075-1680","issn":["2075-1680"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Axioms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1680/11/11/610/pdf?version=1669095502","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053552469","display_name":"Chia\u2010Nan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2374-3830"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154394","display_name":"National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00hfj7g70","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154394"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chia-Nan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 807618, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2374-3830","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 807618, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154394"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038937241","display_name":"Thanh\u2010Tuan Dang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8559-0868"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120055","display_name":"Hong Bang International University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v5ef260","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120055"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154394","display_name":"National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00hfj7g70","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154394"]}],"countries":["VN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Thanh-Tuan Dang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 807618, Taiwan","Department of Logistics and Supply Chain Management, Hong Bang International University, Ho Chi Minh 72320, Vietnam"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8559-0868","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 807618, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154394"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Logistics and Supply Chain Management, Hong Bang International University, Ho Chi Minh 72320, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120055"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062631512","display_name":"Ngoc-Ai-Thy Nguyen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8982-3254"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120055","display_name":"Hong Bang International University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v5ef260","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120055"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154394","display_name":"National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00hfj7g70","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154394"]}],"countries":["VN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ngoc-Ai-Thy Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 807618, Taiwan","Department of Logistics and Supply Chain Management, Hong Bang International University, Ho Chi Minh 72320, Vietnam"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8982-3254","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 807618, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154394"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Logistics and Supply Chain Management, Hong Bang International University, Ho Chi Minh 72320, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120055"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059124931","display_name":"Chien-Chang Chou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154394","display_name":"National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00hfj7g70","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154394"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chien-Chang Chou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Shipping Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 807618, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Shipping Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 807618, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154394"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071979760","display_name":"Hsien\u2010Pin Hsu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8874-0836"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154394","display_name":"National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00hfj7g70","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154394"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hsien-Pin Hsu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Supply Chain Management, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8874-0836","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Supply Chain Management, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154394"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027526352","display_name":"Le-Thanh-Hieu Dang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9788-7378"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154394","display_name":"National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00hfj7g70","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154394"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Le-Thanh-Hieu Dang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 807618, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9788-7378","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 807618, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154394"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038937241","https://openalex.org/A5059124931","https://openalex.org/A5071979760"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120055","https://openalex.org/I4387154394"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":0.9482,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79099061,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"11","first_page":"610","last_page":"610"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11223","display_name":"Maritime Ports and Logistics","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11223","display_name":"Maritime Ports and Logistics","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10357","display_name":"Efficiency Analysis Using DEA","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11912","display_name":"Outsourcing and Supply Chain Management","score":0.9854999780654907,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6370173096656799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-envelopment-analysis","display_name":"Data envelopment analysis","score":0.6135262250900269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/container","display_name":"Container (type theory)","score":0.6116055846214294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analytic-hierarchy-process","display_name":"Analytic hierarchy process","score":0.5857126712799072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supply-chain","display_name":"Supply chain","score":0.5527740716934204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","score":0.5521237254142761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.5426505208015442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranking","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","score":0.48602038621902466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/revenue","display_name":"Revenue","score":0.482428640127182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4394311308860779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-economics","display_name":"Environmental economics","score":0.40623408555984497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.36604028940200806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-management","display_name":"Operations management","score":0.324605792760849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.24523961544036865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1923665702342987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.1869763433933258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12811145186424255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.10498625040054321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.0806381106376648}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6370173096656799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22088475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q647974","display_name":"Data envelopment analysis","level":2,"score":0.6135262250900269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781018962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164884","display_name":"Container (type theory)","level":2,"score":0.6116055846214294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87345402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485202","display_name":"Analytic hierarchy process","level":2,"score":0.5857126712799072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108713360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1824206","display_name":"Supply chain","level":2,"score":0.5527740716934204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182365436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50701","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5521237254142761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.5426505208015442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.48602038621902466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195487862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850210","display_name":"Revenue","level":2,"score":0.482428640127182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4394311308860779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.40623408555984497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.36604028940200806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.324605792760849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.24523961544036865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1923665702342987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.1869763433933258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12811145186424255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.10498625040054321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0806381106376648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/axioms11110610","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms11110610","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1680/11/11/610/pdf?version=1669095502","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173132","display_name":"Axioms","issn_l":"2075-1680","issn":["2075-1680"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Axioms","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1b9a52bcb3d444ebb013a1ed681e81b8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1b9a52bcb3d444ebb013a1ed681e81b8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Axioms, Vol 11, Iss 11, p 610 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2075-1680/11/11/610/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/axioms11110610","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Axioms; Volume 11; Issue 11; Pages: 610","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/axioms11110610","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms11110610","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1680/11/11/610/pdf?version=1669095502","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173132","display_name":"Axioms","issn_l":"2075-1680","issn":["2075-1680"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Axioms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319304","display_name":"National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03858r716"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4308332872.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4308332872.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":78,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W255796852","https://openalex.org/W1553915417","https://openalex.org/W1577818368","https://openalex.org/W1935061871","https://openalex.org/W1971831706","https://openalex.org/W1980664295","https://openalex.org/W1986475808","https://openalex.org/W1999861785","https://openalex.org/W2002678540","https://openalex.org/W2005542952","https://openalex.org/W2013377700","https://openalex.org/W2019531626","https://openalex.org/W2024182595","https://openalex.org/W2046640487","https://openalex.org/W2051537761","https://openalex.org/W2059863876","https://openalex.org/W2060655817","https://openalex.org/W2066751348","https://openalex.org/W2072369422","https://openalex.org/W2076452041","https://openalex.org/W2088756387","https://openalex.org/W2102637397","https://openalex.org/W2129763896","https://openalex.org/W2136692051","https://openalex.org/W2137175268","https://openalex.org/W2151028814","https://openalex.org/W2160421393","https://openalex.org/W2168610793","https://openalex.org/W2170217630","https://openalex.org/W2193952614","https://openalex.org/W2299789278","https://openalex.org/W2308190000","https://openalex.org/W2506753585","https://openalex.org/W2544152002","https://openalex.org/W2547408835","https://openalex.org/W2585206336","https://openalex.org/W2603609464","https://openalex.org/W2610845418","https://openalex.org/W2736764752","https://openalex.org/W2757453548","https://openalex.org/W2802328797","https://openalex.org/W2809474734","https://openalex.org/W2883224116","https://openalex.org/W2888069930","https://openalex.org/W2903466805","https://openalex.org/W2914704453","https://openalex.org/W2915284179","https://openalex.org/W2940515985","https://openalex.org/W2949074561","https://openalex.org/W2954993663","https://openalex.org/W2958957426","https://openalex.org/W2963817324","https://openalex.org/W2995894405","https://openalex.org/W3023847647","https://openalex.org/W3036328261","https://openalex.org/W3041811828","https://openalex.org/W3042213228","https://openalex.org/W3047593917","https://openalex.org/W3048857612","https://openalex.org/W3048893111","https://openalex.org/W3070206080","https://openalex.org/W3092781914","https://openalex.org/W3110699658","https://openalex.org/W3120887917","https://openalex.org/W3121129165","https://openalex.org/W3127419729","https://openalex.org/W3129395395","https://openalex.org/W3139752506","https://openalex.org/W3154350107","https://openalex.org/W3156889438","https://openalex.org/W3184219752","https://openalex.org/W3205060005","https://openalex.org/W4206918176","https://openalex.org/W4252601915","https://openalex.org/W4254259419","https://openalex.org/W4282003588","https://openalex.org/W6781132113","https://openalex.org/W6798771802"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2801360836","https://openalex.org/W2120745168","https://openalex.org/W4318028252","https://openalex.org/W4206658728","https://openalex.org/W2605508318","https://openalex.org/W2385683470","https://openalex.org/W3134416257","https://openalex.org/W2086306358","https://openalex.org/W2285000485","https://openalex.org/W2989675511"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,201,224],"COVID-19":[1],"pandemic":[2],"has":[3],"implications":[4,260],"for":[5,79,100,154,214,261],"the":[6,15,39,52,81,102,110,131,142,157,186,212,228,233,242,247,264],"container":[7,20,82],"shipping":[8,21,83],"industry":[9],"and":[10,44,68,76,97,129,182,189,198,211,222,253,267,273],"global":[11,206],"supply":[12],"chains.":[13],"Measuring":[14],"efficiency":[16,202,216,231],"of":[17,104,144,203,232],"major":[18,205],"international":[19],"companies":[22],"(CSCs)":[23],"is":[24,88,116,138,177,208,235],"an":[25,164,167],"important":[26],"issue":[27],"that":[28,41,227],"helps":[29],"them":[30],"make":[31],"strategic":[32],"decisions":[33],"to":[34,48,93,125,140,179,275],"improve":[35],"performance,":[36,240],"especially":[37],"in":[38,90,156,217,263,269],"context":[40],"all":[42,218],"businesses":[43],"governments":[45],"are":[46,148,220],"adapting":[47],"build":[49],"back":[50],"better":[51],"post-pandemic":[53],"world.":[54],"This":[55,85],"paper":[56],"develops":[57],"a":[58,64,69,74,151],"new":[59,86],"integrated":[60],"approach":[61],"using":[62,118],"both":[63,95],"qualitative":[65,96,113,172],"assessment":[66,71,135],"tool":[67,72],"performance":[70,103,114,173],"as":[73,163],"systematic":[75],"flexible":[77],"framework":[78],"evaluating":[80],"industry.":[84],"methodology":[87,136],"implemented":[89],"two":[91],"phases":[92],"consider":[94],"quantitative":[98,152,191],"criteria":[99,127],"assessing":[101],"CSCs":[105,184,207,234],"based":[106],"on":[107],"efficiency.":[108],"In":[109],"first":[111],"phase,":[112],"evaluation":[115],"performed":[117,178],"spherical":[119],"fuzzy":[120],"analytical":[121],"hierarchical":[122],"process":[123],"(AHP-SF)":[124],"find":[126,141],"weights":[128],"then":[130],"grey":[132],"complex":[133],"proportional":[134],"(COPRAS-G)":[137],"used":[139],"ranking":[143],"CSCs.":[145],"Qualitative":[146],"variables":[147],"converted":[149],"into":[150],"variable":[153,169,188],"use":[155],"data":[158],"envelopment":[159],"analysis":[160],"(DEA)":[161],"model":[162],"output":[165,168],"called":[166,170],"expert-based":[171],"(EQP).":[174],"Then,":[175],"DEA":[176],"identify":[180],"efficient":[181,252],"inefficient":[183,254],"with":[185],"EQP":[187],"other":[190],"parameters":[192],"(i.e.,":[193],"capacity,":[194],"lifting,":[195],"expenses,":[196],"revenue,":[197],"CO2":[199],"emissions).":[200],"14":[204],"empirically":[209],"evaluated,":[210],"scores":[213],"CSCs\u2019":[215],"dimensions":[219],"measured":[221],"examined.":[223],"results":[225],"show":[226],"average":[229],"cargo":[230],"lower":[236],"than":[237],"their":[238],"eco-efficiency":[239],"revealing":[241],"operational":[243],"disruption":[244],"caused":[245],"by":[246,250],"pandemic.":[248],"Moreover,":[249],"identifying":[251],"CSCs,":[255],"our":[256],"findings":[257],"provide":[258],"practical":[259],"decision-makers":[262],"maritime":[265],"field":[266],"assist":[268],"modifying":[270],"applicable":[271],"policies":[272],"strategies":[274],"achieve":[276],"sustainable":[277],"performance.":[278]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2022-11-11T00:00:00"}
