{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4224309532","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms11050199","title":"An Adaptive Three-Dimensional Improved Virtual Force Coverage Algorithm for Nodes in WSN","display_name":"An Adaptive Three-Dimensional Improved Virtual Force Coverage Algorithm for Nodes in WSN","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4224309532","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms11050199"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/axioms11050199","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms11050199","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1680/11/5/199/pdf?version=1650787913","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173132","display_name":"Axioms","issn_l":"2075-1680","issn":["2075-1680"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Axioms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1680/11/5/199/pdf?version=1650787913","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071996087","display_name":"Mengjian Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8546-9972"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178232147","display_name":"Guizhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wmsc916","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengjian Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China","School of Computer Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100704230","display_name":"Jing Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6407-1276"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178232147","display_name":"Guizhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wmsc916","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jing Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China","Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Internet + Intelligent Manufacturing, Guiyang 550025, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Internet + Intelligent Manufacturing, Guiyang 550025, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112396665","display_name":"Tao Qin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7229-9353"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178232147","display_name":"Guizhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wmsc916","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China","Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Internet + Intelligent Manufacturing, Guiyang 550025, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Internet + Intelligent Manufacturing, Guiyang 550025, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100704230"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":1.1418,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78581145,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"5","first_page":"199","last_page":"199"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/initialization","display_name":"Initialization","score":0.8269903659820557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.7122040390968323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6809098720550537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5988172292709351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.5559723377227783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.39493000507354736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.18689429759979248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1032738983631134}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114466953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6034165","display_name":"Initialization","level":2,"score":0.8269903659820557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.7122040390968323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6809098720550537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5988172292709351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.5559723377227783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.39493000507354736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.18689429759979248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1032738983631134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/axioms11050199","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms11050199","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1680/11/5/199/pdf?version=1650787913","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173132","display_name":"Axioms","issn_l":"2075-1680","issn":["2075-1680"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Axioms","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4f3e04c352f9470b86fabb88cd556ce3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4f3e04c352f9470b86fabb88cd556ce3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Axioms, Vol 11, Iss 5, p 199 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2075-1680/11/5/199/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/axioms11050199","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Axioms; Volume 11; Issue 5; Pages: 199","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/axioms11050199","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms11050199","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1680/11/5/199/pdf?version=1650787913","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173132","display_name":"Axioms","issn_l":"2075-1680","issn":["2075-1680"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Axioms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G325239000","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. 61640014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3445852954","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KCALK201708","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4020255992","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Project","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4671806747","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"[2021]","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5641397543","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"201708","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5939423041","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Technology","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5971272478","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Guidateganghezi [2021]04","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321927","funder_display_name":"Guizhou University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6462364052","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Qiankehe Zhicheng [2022]017","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7024628391","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"[2019]","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7174558747","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Group","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7227287931","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"[2019]2152","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7554347047","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"[2020]1Y266","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G850034504","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61640014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321927","display_name":"Guizhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wmsc916"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4224309532.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4224309532.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2023597563","https://openalex.org/W2108424717","https://openalex.org/W2114533345","https://openalex.org/W2133486451","https://openalex.org/W2133678114","https://openalex.org/W2143053089","https://openalex.org/W2149472588","https://openalex.org/W2159003210","https://openalex.org/W2168452204","https://openalex.org/W2170195314","https://openalex.org/W2365209333","https://openalex.org/W2382440920","https://openalex.org/W2415179763","https://openalex.org/W2517343931","https://openalex.org/W2821778875","https://openalex.org/W2953360071","https://openalex.org/W3003918512","https://openalex.org/W3041912378","https://openalex.org/W3088500570","https://openalex.org/W3114279822","https://openalex.org/W3123173609","https://openalex.org/W3131802532","https://openalex.org/W3131940759","https://openalex.org/W3175117023","https://openalex.org/W3194789034","https://openalex.org/W3203379789","https://openalex.org/W3217366445","https://openalex.org/W4200175502","https://openalex.org/W4205775385","https://openalex.org/W4224212468","https://openalex.org/W6822340591"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3204184292","https://openalex.org/W3176564347","https://openalex.org/W2355833770","https://openalex.org/W1985458517","https://openalex.org/W3031039437","https://openalex.org/W183202219","https://openalex.org/W3095877357","https://openalex.org/W2072565696","https://openalex.org/W2050451745","https://openalex.org/W2378903222"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"original":[1],"virtual":[2,27,60,69],"force":[3,28,61,70],"algorithm":[4,31,104,131],"(VFA)":[5],"is":[6,45,48,64,146],"proposed":[7,65,144],"for":[8,32],"the":[9,33,41,81,84,94,99,110,121,126,137,143,151,157],"two-dimensional":[10],"node":[11,42,50,154],"coverage":[12,29,35,43,51,62,96,103,123,130,138,155],"and":[13,109,136],"localization":[14],"of":[15,36,83,98,125,156],"wireless":[16],"sensor":[17],"networks":[18],"(WSN).":[19],"This":[20],"work":[21],"proposes":[22],"a":[23],"novel":[24],"three-dimensional":[25,53,58,152],"improved":[26,57,100,127],"(3D-IVFC)":[30],"3D":[34,101,128],"nodes":[37],"in":[38,52],"WSN.":[39,158],"Firstly,":[40],"theory":[44],"analyzed,":[46],"which":[47],"about":[49],"space.":[54],"Secondly,":[55],"an":[56,67],"space":[59,102,129],"method":[63,145],"with":[66],"adaptive":[68],"parameter":[71],"control":[72],"strategy.":[73],"Finally,":[74],"simulation":[75],"experiments":[76],"are":[77],"utilized":[78],"to":[79,149],"verify":[80],"performance":[82],"3D-IVFC":[85],"approach.":[86],"Experimental":[87],"results":[88],"show":[89],"that":[90],"during":[91,118],"random":[92],"initialization,":[93,120],"average":[95,122],"rate":[97,124],"was":[105,113,132],"increased":[106,133,140],"by":[107,115,134],"0.76%":[108],"deployment":[111],"time":[112,139],"reduced":[114],"0.1712":[116],"s;":[117],"center":[119],"0.65%":[135],"slightly.":[141],"Moreover,":[142],"also":[147],"used":[148],"solve":[150],"surface":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-15T08:11:43.952461","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
