{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2531571253","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a9040066","title":"Fault Sensing Using Fractal Dimension and Wavelet","display_name":"Fault Sensing Using Fractal Dimension and Wavelet","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-10-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2531571253","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a9040066","mag":"2531571253"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a9040066","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a9040066","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/9/4/66/pdf?version=1476175582","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/9/4/66/pdf?version=1476175582","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100375189","display_name":"Mei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7834-5517"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110440473","display_name":"Xi'an University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/046fkpt18","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110440473"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Control Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an 710054, China","School of Electrical and Control Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Control Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an 710054, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110440473"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Control Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110440473"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052000487","display_name":"Liang Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6948-2103"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110440473","display_name":"Xi'an University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/046fkpt18","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110440473"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Control Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an 710054, China","School of Electrical and Control Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Control Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an 710054, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110440473"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Control Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110440473"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102818478","display_name":"Yanan Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8592-6993"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110440473","display_name":"Xi'an University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/046fkpt18","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110440473"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanan Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Control Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an 710054, China","School of Electrical and Control Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Control Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an 710054, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110440473"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Control Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110440473"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100375189"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110440473"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.10881773,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"4","first_page":"66","last_page":"66"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12737","display_name":"Electrical Fault Detection and Protection","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12737","display_name":"Electrical Fault Detection and Protection","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10972","display_name":"Power Systems Fault Detection","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fractal-dimension","display_name":"Fractal dimension","score":0.6988768577575684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet","display_name":"Wavelet","score":0.6835213899612427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fractal","display_name":"Fractal","score":0.6757060885429382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.6672357320785522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6404048204421997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5690385103225708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5550593733787537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimension","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","score":0.5410668849945068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet-transform","display_name":"Wavelet transform","score":0.5291146636009216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4843124449253082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.45801347494125366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transient","display_name":"Transient (computer programming)","score":0.4518449306488037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/box-counting","display_name":"Box counting","score":0.4353613257408142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fractal-analysis","display_name":"Fractal analysis","score":0.3924098312854767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.38361918926239014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.07110634446144104}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26546657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412452","display_name":"Fractal dimension","level":3,"score":0.6988768577575684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47432892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831390","display_name":"Wavelet","level":2,"score":0.6835213899612427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40636538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81392","display_name":"Fractal","level":2,"score":0.6757060885429382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.6672357320785522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6404048204421997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5690385103225708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5550593733787537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33676613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13415176","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.5410668849945068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196216189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2867","display_name":"Wavelet transform","level":3,"score":0.5291146636009216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4843124449253082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.45801347494125366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780799671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17087362","display_name":"Transient (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.4518449306488037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99008458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4951583","display_name":"Box counting","level":5,"score":0.4353613257408142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162494671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2845227","display_name":"Fractal analysis","level":4,"score":0.3924098312854767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.38361918926239014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.07110634446144104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/a9040066","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a9040066","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/9/4/66/pdf?version=1476175582","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9676ddc504dc44f1ad8ba877281ba470","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9676ddc504dc44f1ad8ba877281ba470","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms, Vol 9, Iss 4, p 66 (2016)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1999-4893/9/4/66/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a9040066","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms; Volume 9; Issue 4; Pages: 66","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a9040066","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a9040066","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/9/4/66/pdf?version=1476175582","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2531571253.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W576319631","https://openalex.org/W1468808849","https://openalex.org/W1521743511","https://openalex.org/W1651002004","https://openalex.org/W1965266627","https://openalex.org/W1970836680","https://openalex.org/W1999063611","https://openalex.org/W2029294621","https://openalex.org/W2049299426","https://openalex.org/W2060103859","https://openalex.org/W2072273345","https://openalex.org/W2081682760","https://openalex.org/W2082746116","https://openalex.org/W2090956425","https://openalex.org/W2091036469","https://openalex.org/W2108795117","https://openalex.org/W2115424819","https://openalex.org/W2140908948","https://openalex.org/W2147401148","https://openalex.org/W2254713388","https://openalex.org/W2274553000","https://openalex.org/W2294128447","https://openalex.org/W2322520677","https://openalex.org/W2363226064","https://openalex.org/W2465774593","https://openalex.org/W2487714310","https://openalex.org/W2510284787","https://openalex.org/W3040906831","https://openalex.org/W3145517103","https://openalex.org/W6682063605"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3095001701","https://openalex.org/W1968412567","https://openalex.org/W2005939750","https://openalex.org/W4312128086","https://openalex.org/W2804635689","https://openalex.org/W4312776762","https://openalex.org/W2371203286","https://openalex.org/W2003790600","https://openalex.org/W2044531707","https://openalex.org/W2606954585"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"new":[1],"fusion":[2],"sensing":[3,25],"(FS)":[4],"method":[5,112,146],"was":[6,44,61,87,113],"proposed":[7,62],"by":[8,63,115],"using":[9,64],"the":[10,39,48,52,57,65,72,76,83,91,98,101,106,110,117,121,128,144,148,155,158,170],"improved":[11,45,66],"fractal":[12,41,67],"box":[13,42],"dimension":[14,43,68],"(IFBD)":[15],"and":[16,93,105,120,163],"a":[17],"developed":[18,88],"maximum":[19,102],"wavelet":[20,94,103],"coefficient":[21,104],"(DMWC)":[22],"for":[23,75],"fault":[24,54,80,107,149,164],"of":[26,79,131,135,157],"an":[27],"online":[28,136],"power":[29],"cable.":[30],"There":[31],"are":[32],"four":[33],"strategies":[34],"that":[35,143],"were":[36],"used.":[37],"Firstly,":[38],"traditional":[40],"to":[46,96,126],"enlarge":[47],"feature":[49,69],"distances":[50],"between":[51,100],"different":[53],"classes.":[55],"Secondly,":[56],"IFBD":[58,118],"recognition":[59,85,150],"algorithm":[60,86,119,123],"extracted":[70],"from":[71],"three-phase":[73],"currents":[74],"first":[77],"stage":[78],"recognition.":[81],"Thirdly,":[82],"DMWC":[84,122],"based":[89],"on":[90,169],"K-transform":[92],"analysis":[95],"establish":[97],"relationship":[99],"class.":[108],"Fourthly,":[109],"FS":[111,145,171],"formed":[114],"combining":[116],"in":[124],"order":[125],"recognize":[127],"10":[129],"types":[130],"short":[132],"circuit":[133],"faults":[134],"power.":[137],"The":[138],"designed":[139],"test":[140],"system":[141],"proved":[142],"increased":[147],"accuracy":[151],"obviously.":[152],"In":[153],"addition,":[154],"parameters":[156],"initial":[159],"angle,":[160],"transient":[161],"resistance,":[162],"distance":[165],"had":[166],"no":[167],"influence":[168],"method.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}