{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1988477028","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a7030444","title":"A Novel Contrast Enhancement Technique on Palm Bone Images","display_name":"A Novel Contrast Enhancement Technique on Palm Bone Images","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-09-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1988477028","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a7030444","mag":"1988477028"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a7030444","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a7030444","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/7/3/444/pdf?version=1409920253","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/7/3/444/pdf?version=1409920253","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017306021","display_name":"Yung-Tsang Chang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204116968","display_name":"Hsiuping University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04szp2m52","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204116968"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yung-Tsang Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Networking Technology, Hsiuping University of Science and Technology, No. 11, Gongye Rd, Dali Dist., Taichung 412, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Networking Technology, Hsiuping University of Science and Technology, No. 11, Gongye Rd, Dali Dist., Taichung 412, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204116968"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007989517","display_name":"Jen-Tse Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204116968","display_name":"Hsiuping University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04szp2m52","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204116968"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jen-Tse Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Management, Hsiuping University of Science and Technology, No. 11, Gongye Rd, Dali Dist., Taichung 412, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Management, Hsiuping University of Science and Technology, No. 11, Gongye Rd, Dali Dist., Taichung 412, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204116968"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043165454","display_name":"Wang-Hsai Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204116968","display_name":"Hsiuping University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04szp2m52","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204116968"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang-Hsai Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Networking Technology, Hsiuping University of Science and Technology, No. 11, Gongye Rd, Dali Dist., Taichung 412, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Networking Technology, Hsiuping University of Science and Technology, No. 11, Gongye Rd, Dali Dist., Taichung 412, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204116968"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007989517"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204116968"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":0.2471,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.56740898,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"3","first_page":"444","last_page":"455"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram-equalization","display_name":"Histogram equalization","score":0.9405494928359985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-histogram-equalization","display_name":"Adaptive histogram equalization","score":0.866913914680481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.8152897357940674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram-matching","display_name":"Histogram matching","score":0.7586176991462708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6009199619293213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/balanced-histogram-thresholding","display_name":"Balanced histogram thresholding","score":0.5939451456069946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brightness","display_name":"Brightness","score":0.5746201872825623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-histogram","display_name":"Image histogram","score":0.5258522629737854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contrast","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","score":0.5173470377922058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.5032925009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.48898255825042725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4722007215023041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.45801323652267456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equalization","display_name":"Equalization (audio)","score":0.45347410440444946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.3026905059814453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.25626593828201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.16613829135894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/color-image","display_name":"Color image","score":0.1331275999546051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.08926334977149963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.05995890498161316}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136943445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1970240","display_name":"Histogram equalization","level":4,"score":0.9405494928359985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30387639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4680744","display_name":"Adaptive histogram equalization","level":5,"score":0.866913914680481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.8152897357940674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127449775","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3785871","display_name":"Histogram matching","level":4,"score":0.7586176991462708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6009199619293213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202577368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2576067","display_name":"Balanced histogram thresholding","level":5,"score":0.5939451456069946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125245961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221656","display_name":"Brightness","level":2,"score":0.5746201872825623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62725073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1771663","display_name":"Image histogram","level":5,"score":0.5258522629737854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.5173470377922058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5032925009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.48898255825042725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4722007215023041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.45801323652267456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75755367","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104531076","display_name":"Equalization (audio)","level":3,"score":0.45347410440444946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.3026905059814453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.25626593828201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.16613829135894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142616399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5148604","display_name":"Color image","level":4,"score":0.1331275999546051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.08926334977149963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.05995890498161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/a7030444","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a7030444","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/7/3/444/pdf?version=1409920253","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a5ef5fa3a4f344c588ac7705b0cb4163","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a5ef5fa3a4f344c588ac7705b0cb4163","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms, Vol 7, Iss 3, Pp 444-455 (2014)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a7030444","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a7030444","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/7/3/444/pdf?version=1409920253","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1988477028.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968422401","https://openalex.org/W1993768894","https://openalex.org/W1994863952","https://openalex.org/W2012554041","https://openalex.org/W2021219050","https://openalex.org/W2070505349","https://openalex.org/W2101981311","https://openalex.org/W2102919172","https://openalex.org/W2108305798","https://openalex.org/W2116973876","https://openalex.org/W2118002060","https://openalex.org/W2138796229","https://openalex.org/W2139375301","https://openalex.org/W2144628669","https://openalex.org/W2145744030","https://openalex.org/W2149079700","https://openalex.org/W2150461190","https://openalex.org/W2150734623","https://openalex.org/W2156713198","https://openalex.org/W2159040314","https://openalex.org/W2164661013","https://openalex.org/W2169447236","https://openalex.org/W2169949947","https://openalex.org/W2170704286","https://openalex.org/W2997454606","https://openalex.org/W3141440481"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2162593906","https://openalex.org/W4256469574","https://openalex.org/W2015245117","https://openalex.org/W2376822833","https://openalex.org/W2521033063","https://openalex.org/W2266849835","https://openalex.org/W2393164332","https://openalex.org/W2076114931","https://openalex.org/W2181301401","https://openalex.org/W2739372068"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Contrast":[0],"enhancement":[1,17,121],"plays":[2],"a":[3,48,58,110,137],"fundamental":[4],"role":[5],"in":[6,36,75],"image":[7,95],"processing.":[8],"Many":[9],"histogram-based":[10],"techniques":[11],"are":[12,101],"widely":[13],"used":[14],"for":[15,47],"contrast":[16,38,52,68,120,159],"of":[18,50,69,90,122,160],"given":[19],"images,":[20,79],"due":[21],"to":[22,65,86,117],"their":[23],"simple":[24],"function":[25],"and":[26,44,155],"effectiveness.":[27],"However,":[28],"the":[29,67,70,80,88,91,119,123,132,152,157,161],"conventional":[30],"histogram":[31,89],"equalization":[32,61,113,134,148],"(HE)":[33],"methods":[34],"result":[35],"excessive":[37],"enhancement,":[39],"which":[40],"causes":[41],"natural":[42],"looking":[43],"satisfactory":[45],"results":[46,129],"variety":[49],"low":[51],"images.":[53],"To":[54],"solve":[55],"such":[56],"problems,":[57],"novel":[59],"multi-histogram":[60,112,133,147],"technique":[62,114,135,149],"is":[63,84,115],"proposed":[64,111],"enhance":[66],"palm":[71,124],"bone":[72,125],"X-ray":[73,126],"radiographs":[74],"this":[76,106],"paper.":[77],"For":[78],"mean-variance":[81,107],"analysis":[82],"method":[83],"employed":[85,116],"partition":[87,108],"original":[92,162],"grey":[93],"scale":[94],"into":[96],"multiple":[97],"sub-histograms.":[98],"These":[99],"histograms":[100],"independently":[102],"equalized.":[103],"By":[104],"using":[105],"method,":[109],"achieve":[118],"radiographs.":[127],"Experimental":[128],"show":[130],"that":[131],"achieves":[136],"lower":[138],"average":[139],"absolute":[140],"mean":[141,153],"brightness":[142,154],"error":[143],"(AMBE)":[144],"value.":[145],"The":[146],"simultaneously":[150],"preserved":[151],"enhanced":[156],"local":[158],"image.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
