{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2148076948","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a2010518","title":"A Review of Closed-Loop Algorithms for Glycemic Control in the Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes","display_name":"A Review of Closed-Loop Algorithms for Glycemic Control in the Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-03-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2148076948","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a2010518","mag":"2148076948"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a2010518","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a2010518","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/2/1/518/pdf?version=1236867564","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/2/1/518/pdf?version=1236867564","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017563811","display_name":"Joseph El Youssef","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1618-8290"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165690674","display_name":"Oregon Health & Science University","ror":"https://ror.org/009avj582","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165690674"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph El Youssef","raw_affiliation_strings":["Schnitzer Diabetes Center, mailstop OP05-DC, Oregon Health and Science University. 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland OR 97239, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Schnitzer Diabetes Center, mailstop OP05-DC, Oregon Health and Science University. 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland OR 97239, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165690674"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045957429","display_name":"Jessica R. Castle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1179-5374"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165690674","display_name":"Oregon Health & Science University","ror":"https://ror.org/009avj582","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165690674"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jessica Castle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Schnitzer Diabetes Center, mailstop OP05-DC, Oregon Health and Science University. 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland OR 97239, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Schnitzer Diabetes Center, mailstop OP05-DC, Oregon Health and Science University. 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland OR 97239, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165690674"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110343327","display_name":"W. Kenneth Ward","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165690674","display_name":"Oregon Health & Science University","ror":"https://ror.org/009avj582","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165690674"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"W. Kenneth Ward","raw_affiliation_strings":["Schnitzer Diabetes Center, mailstop OP05-DC, Oregon Health and Science University. 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland OR 97239, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Schnitzer Diabetes Center, mailstop OP05-DC, Oregon Health and Science University. 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland OR 97239, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165690674"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110343327"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165690674"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":4.4315,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":65,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.952658,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"1","first_page":"518","last_page":"532"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10560","display_name":"Diabetes Management and Research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10560","display_name":"Diabetes Management and Research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10839","display_name":"Pancreatic function and diabetes","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11171","display_name":"Diabetes and associated disorders","score":0.9733999967575073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulin","display_name":"Insulin","score":0.7878725528717041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-mellitus","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","score":0.7268001437187195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.680962324142456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypoglycemia","display_name":"Hypoglycemia","score":0.6557953357696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-1-diabetes","display_name":"Type 1 diabetes","score":0.6381321549415588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glycemic","display_name":"Glycemic","score":0.6157561540603638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-pancreas","display_name":"Artificial pancreas","score":0.6076818108558655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-2-diabetes","display_name":"Type 2 diabetes","score":0.5252867937088013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-management","display_name":"Diabetes management","score":0.42381733655929565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulin-pen","display_name":"Insulin pen","score":0.4172731041908264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.37649664282798767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.3357406258583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endocrinology","display_name":"Endocrinology","score":0.3317070007324219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intensive-care-medicine","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","score":0.327309787273407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2628817558288574}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779306644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2002370","display_name":"Insulin","level":2,"score":0.7878725528717041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.7268001437187195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.680962324142456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780668416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202758","display_name":"Hypoglycemia","level":3,"score":0.6557953357696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781232474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124407","display_name":"Type 1 diabetes","level":3,"score":0.6381321549415588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780473172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5572518","display_name":"Glycemic","level":3,"score":0.6157561540603638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780353609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1569064","display_name":"Artificial pancreas","level":4,"score":0.6076818108558655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777180221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 diabetes","level":3,"score":0.5252867937088013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776217022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1100933","display_name":"Diabetes management","level":4,"score":0.42381733655929565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779417425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5936640","display_name":"Insulin pen","level":3,"score":0.4172731041908264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.37649664282798767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.3357406258583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.3317070007324219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.327309787273407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2628817558288574}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/a2010518","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a2010518","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/2/1/518/pdf?version=1236867564","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.430.231","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.430.231","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/2/1/518/pdf/","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:46061fe6249b4a2fb4f3489564012d97","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/46061fe6249b4a2fb4f3489564012d97","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms, Vol 2, Iss 1, Pp 518-532 (2009)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1999-4893/2/1/518/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a2010518","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms; Volume 2; Issue 1; Pages: 518-532","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a2010518","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a2010518","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/2/1/518/pdf?version=1236867564","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8600000143051147,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2148076948.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2148076948.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1508254101","https://openalex.org/W1531505795","https://openalex.org/W1692523512","https://openalex.org/W1964693647","https://openalex.org/W1969480413","https://openalex.org/W1974872287","https://openalex.org/W1978956894","https://openalex.org/W1980061873","https://openalex.org/W1989336027","https://openalex.org/W1992356910","https://openalex.org/W1995462041","https://openalex.org/W1996160128","https://openalex.org/W1996483759","https://openalex.org/W2001273251","https://openalex.org/W2019563874","https://openalex.org/W2032045122","https://openalex.org/W2042237861","https://openalex.org/W2046553857","https://openalex.org/W2052860629","https://openalex.org/W2061547888","https://openalex.org/W2066445865","https://openalex.org/W2070801665","https://openalex.org/W2093720031","https://openalex.org/W2100588873","https://openalex.org/W2104310970","https://openalex.org/W2104313450","https://openalex.org/W2119671996","https://openalex.org/W2124282046","https://openalex.org/W2129548865","https://openalex.org/W2135231724","https://openalex.org/W2142452255","https://openalex.org/W2144785271","https://openalex.org/W2156353972","https://openalex.org/W2167160009","https://openalex.org/W2168091777","https://openalex.org/W2337101260","https://openalex.org/W2418642106","https://openalex.org/W2769264260","https://openalex.org/W4246288537","https://openalex.org/W4302934086","https://openalex.org/W6630471529","https://openalex.org/W6637567959","https://openalex.org/W6661116862","https://openalex.org/W6675299965"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2479902120","https://openalex.org/W4309021794","https://openalex.org/W2167160009","https://openalex.org/W2265027927","https://openalex.org/W2117748324","https://openalex.org/W1991978558","https://openalex.org/W2538031581","https://openalex.org/W3116109413","https://openalex.org/W2020692591","https://openalex.org/W4324303482"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,15,21,31,57,74,83,170,179,185,209,213,245,256,261,265,278,281,321,324,352,360,375,384,403,453,536,554,561,582,587],"discovery":[2],"of":[3,9,14,20,28,33,77,86,103,107,115,155,169,184,197,212,240,258,264,271,280,323,356,364,374,423,456,464,498,514,542,557,564,589,594],"insulin":[4,29,40,120,139,181,357,377,559],"came":[5],"a":[6,116,157,202,233,372,447,457,476],"deeper":[7],"understanding":[8],"therapeutic":[10],"options":[11],"for":[12,59,141,192,238,538,571,584],"one":[13],"most":[16],"devastating":[17],"chronic":[18,592],"diseases":[19],"modern":[22],"era,":[23],"diabetes":[24,108,144,194,547,578],"mellitus.":[25],"The":[26,101,153,512,569],"use":[27],"in":[30,36,283,343,378,430,440,479,510,544,575,586],"treatment":[32,69,109,195,229],"diabetes,":[34],"especially":[35],"those":[37],"with":[38,45,260,461,546,577,580],"severe":[39],"deficiency":[41],"(type":[42],"1":[43,143],"diabetes),":[44],"multiple":[46],"injections":[47],"or":[48,124,132],"continuous":[49,131,273,331,566],"subcutaneous":[50,361,558],"infusion,":[51],"has":[52],"been":[53],"largely":[54,531],"successful,":[55],"but":[56,148,529],"risk":[58],"short":[60],"term":[61,64],"and":[62,82,127,165,174,227,231,292,338,342,386,418,425,505,522,560,591],"long":[63],"complications":[65,163,167,593],"remains":[66],"substantial.":[67],"Insulin":[68],"decisions":[70],"are":[71,93,250,293,487,506,526,530],"based":[72,129,412,495],"on":[73,130,413,471,496],"patient\u2019s":[75],"knowledge":[76,85],"meal":[78,385],"size,":[79],"exercise":[80],"plans":[81],"intermittent":[84,302],"blood":[87,303],"glucose":[88,135,203,274,304,474,567],"values.":[89],"As":[90],"such,":[91],"these":[92],"open":[94,380],"loop":[95,105,138,317,381,396,540],"methods":[96,490],"that":[97,118,206,220,254,286,313,409,451,467,491],"require":[98],"human":[99,326],"input.":[100],"idea":[102],"closed":[104,316,395,539],"control":[106,114,140,190,218,407,521,541,574],"is":[110,128,145,149,159,276,285,309,351],"quite":[111],"different:":[112],"automated":[113,193,217],"device":[117,205,236],"delivers":[119],"(and":[121],"possibly":[122],"glucagon":[123],"other":[125],"medications)":[126],"very":[133,438],"frequent":[134],"measurements.":[136],"Closed":[137],"type":[142],"not":[146],"new":[147],"far":[150],"from":[151,300,333,402],"optimized.":[152],"goal":[154],"such":[156,287,518],"system":[158,191,450,460,503],"to":[160,296,311,391,394,436],"avoid":[161],"short-term":[162],"(hypoglycemia)":[164],"long-term":[166],"(diseases":[168],"eyes,":[171],"kidneys,":[172],"nerves":[173],"cardiovascular":[175],"system)":[176],"by":[177,359],"mimicking":[178],"normal":[180,325],"secretion":[182],"pattern":[183],"pancreatic":[186],"beta":[187],"cell.":[188],"A":[189],"consists":[196],"three":[198],"major":[199,252,349],"components,":[200],"(1)":[201],"sensing":[204],"serves":[207,243],"as":[208,244,519],"afferent":[210],"limb":[211],"system;":[214],"(2)":[215],"an":[216,314,379],"unit":[219],"uses":[221],"algorithms":[222,408,433,445],"which":[223,242,329],"acquires":[224],"sensor":[225],"input":[226,465],"generates":[228],"outputs;":[230],"(3)":[232],"drug":[234],"delivery":[235,239],"(primarily":[237],"insulin),":[241],"system\u2019s":[246],"efferent":[247],"limb.":[248],"There":[249],"several":[251],"issues":[253],"highlight":[255],"difficulty":[257],"interacting":[259],"complex":[262],"unknowns":[263],"biological":[266,499],"world.":[267],"For":[268],"example,":[269],"development":[270],"accurate":[272],"monitors":[275],"crucial;":[277],"state":[279],"art":[282],"2009":[284],"devices":[288],"sometimes":[289],"experience":[290],"drift":[291],"intended":[294],"only":[295],"supplement":[297],"information":[298],"received":[299],"standard":[301],"data.":[305],"In":[306,534],"addition,":[307],"it":[308,581],"important":[310],"acknowledge":[312],"\u201cautomated\u201d":[315],"pancreas":[318],"cannot":[319],"approach":[320,390],"complexity":[322],"endocrine":[327],"pancreas,":[328],"takes":[330],"data":[332],"substrates,":[334],"hormones,":[335],"paracrine":[336],"compounds":[337],"autonomic":[339],"neural":[340,524],"inputs,":[341],"response,":[344],"secretes":[345],"four":[346],"hormones.":[347],"Another":[348],"issue":[350],"substantial":[353],"absorption/action":[354,556],"delay":[355],"given":[358,371],"route.":[362],"Because":[363],"this":[365,388],"delay,":[366],"some":[367],"researchers":[368],"have":[369,434,548],"recently":[370],"portion":[373],"meal-related":[376],"manner":[382],"before":[383],"found":[387],"hybrid":[389],"be":[392,437],"superior":[393],"control.":[397],"Proportional-Integral-Derivative":[398],"(PID)":[399],"systems":[400,486],"adapted":[401],"industrial":[404],"sector":[405],"utilize":[406,492],"alter":[410],"output":[411],"proportional":[414],"(difference":[415],"between":[416],"actual":[417],"target":[419],"levels),":[420],"derivative":[421],"(rate":[422],"change)":[424],"integral":[426],"(time-related":[427],"summative)":[428],"errors":[429],"glucose.":[431],"These":[432],"proven":[435],"promising":[439],"limited":[441],"clinical":[442],"trials.":[443],"Related":[444],"include":[446,553],"\u201cfading":[448],"memory\u201d":[449],"combines":[452],"proportional-derivative":[454],"components":[455],"classic":[458],"PID":[459],"time-relating":[462],"decay":[463],"signals":[466],"allow":[468],"greater":[469],"emphasis":[470],"more":[472],"recent":[473],"values,":[475],"characteristic":[477],"noted":[478],"mammalian":[480],"beta-cells.":[481],"Model":[482],"Predictive":[483],"Control":[484],"(MPC)":[485],"highly":[488],"adaptive":[489],"mathematical":[493,516],"models":[494],"observations":[497],"behavior":[500],"patterns":[501],"using":[502],"identification":[504],"now":[507],"undergoing":[508],"testing":[509],"humans.":[511],"application":[513],"further":[515],"models,":[517],"fuzzy":[520],"artificial":[523],"networks,":[525],"also":[527],"promising,":[528],"clinically":[532],"untested.":[533],"summary,":[535],"prospects":[537],"glycemia":[543],"persons":[545,576],"improved":[549,572],"considerably.":[550],"Major":[551],"limitations":[552],"delayed":[555],"imperfect":[562],"stability":[563],"currently-available":[565],"sensors.":[568],"potential":[570,583],"glycemic":[573],"brings":[579],"reduction":[585],"frequency":[588],"acute":[590],"diabetes.":[595]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
