{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7161602791","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a19050395","title":"IoT-Based Air Quality Monitoring with Low-Cost Sensors: Adaptive Filtering and RPA-Based Decision Automation","display_name":"IoT-Based Air Quality Monitoring with Low-Cost Sensors: Adaptive Filtering and RPA-Based Decision Automation","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7161602791","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a19050395"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a19050395","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a19050395","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a19050395","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132840031","display_name":"Aiman Moldagulova","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204275683","display_name":"Satbayev University","ror":"https://ror.org/020cpsb96","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204275683"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135055","display_name":"Institute of Information and Computational Technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/03v6e0k54","country_code":"KZ","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135055"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aiman Moldagulova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Systems Department, Institute of Automation and Information Technologies, Satbayev University, Almaty 050013, Kazakhstan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1596-561X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Systems Department, Institute of Automation and Information Technologies, Satbayev University, Almaty 050013, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204275683","https://openalex.org/I4210135055"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132910348","display_name":"Zhuldyz Kalpeyeva","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204275683","display_name":"Satbayev University","ror":"https://ror.org/020cpsb96","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204275683"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135055","display_name":"Institute of Information and Computational Technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/03v6e0k54","country_code":"KZ","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135055"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhuldyz Kalpeyeva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Systems Department, Institute of Automation and Information Technologies, Satbayev University, Almaty 050013, Kazakhstan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4970-3095","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Systems Department, Institute of Automation and Information Technologies, Satbayev University, Almaty 050013, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204275683","https://openalex.org/I4210135055"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120257871","display_name":"Raissa Uskenbayeva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1911-5156"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204275683","display_name":"Satbayev University","ror":"https://ror.org/020cpsb96","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204275683"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135055","display_name":"Institute of Information and Computational Technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/03v6e0k54","country_code":"KZ","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135055"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raissa Uskenbayeva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Systems Department, Institute of Automation and Information Technologies, Satbayev University, Almaty 050013, Kazakhstan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Systems Department, Institute of Automation and Information Technologies, Satbayev University, Almaty 050013, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204275683","https://openalex.org/I4210135055"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040558444","display_name":"Nurdaulet Tasmurzayev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3039-6715"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185571130","display_name":"Al-Farabi Kazakh National University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q0vrn42","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185571130"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nurdaulet Tasmurzayev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Farabi AI Center, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3039-6715","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Farabi AI Center, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185571130"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087370522","display_name":"Bibars Amangeldy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4089-6337"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185571130","display_name":"Al-Farabi Kazakh National University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q0vrn42","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185571130"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bibars Amangeldy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Farabi AI Center, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4089-6337","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Farabi AI Center, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185571130"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136413349","display_name":"Yeldos Altay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3736-0291"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60559429","display_name":"Nazarbayev University","ror":"https://ror.org/052bx8q98","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60559429"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yeldos Altay","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Science and Innovation, Mukhametzhan Tynyshbayev ALT University, Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3736-0291","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Science and Innovation, Mukhametzhan Tynyshbayev ALT University, Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60559429"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1930},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1930},"fwci":3.3571,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9273123,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"5","first_page":"395","last_page":"395"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12120","display_name":"Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting","score":0.9854000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12120","display_name":"Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting","score":0.9854000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11667","display_name":"Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies","score":0.0020000000949949026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12697","display_name":"Water Quality Monitoring Technologies","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6331999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoothing","display_name":"Smoothing","score":0.6187999844551086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-filter","display_name":"Adaptive filter","score":0.5023999810218811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4097999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-processing","display_name":"Signal processing","score":0.3799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stability","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","score":0.36820000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.34619998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.34529998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampling","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","score":0.33899998664855957}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.751800000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6331999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3770464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775963","display_name":"Smoothing","level":2,"score":0.6187999844551086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5519000291824341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102248274","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168388","display_name":"Adaptive filter","level":2,"score":0.5023999810218811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4097999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.3799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.36820000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.34619998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.34529998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.33899998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77052588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q644307","display_name":"Constant false alarm rate","level":2,"score":0.3382999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.33309999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776836416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364844","display_name":"False alarm","level":2,"score":0.3165999948978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781395549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4680762","display_name":"Adaptive sampling","level":3,"score":0.28630000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","level":2,"score":0.28540000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97256817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1462316","display_name":"Spurious relationship","level":2,"score":0.2849999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203595873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25389927","display_name":"Change detection","level":2,"score":0.28459998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.27219998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137270730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120811","display_name":"Detection theory","level":3,"score":0.2623000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175706884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130194","display_name":"Moving average","level":2,"score":0.2587999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.2549000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86781634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2478325","display_name":"Environmental noise","level":3,"score":0.25189998745918274}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/a19050395","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a19050395","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9ccfa2767dd8428bb3334530054c31e3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9ccfa2767dd8428bb3334530054c31e3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms, Vol 19, Iss 5, p 395 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a19050395","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a19050395","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1123631905","https://openalex.org/W2405795840","https://openalex.org/W2757709029","https://openalex.org/W2765891303","https://openalex.org/W2804154565","https://openalex.org/W2889032422","https://openalex.org/W2890532160","https://openalex.org/W2908818061","https://openalex.org/W2911930990","https://openalex.org/W2913077642","https://openalex.org/W2930550881","https://openalex.org/W2957134239","https://openalex.org/W2965356854","https://openalex.org/W2965892762","https://openalex.org/W2970303123","https://openalex.org/W3082115572","https://openalex.org/W3097236531","https://openalex.org/W3120346671","https://openalex.org/W3149392816","https://openalex.org/W3166137758","https://openalex.org/W3167653312","https://openalex.org/W3188701591","https://openalex.org/W4206332083","https://openalex.org/W4206478221","https://openalex.org/W4210400914","https://openalex.org/W4220845614","https://openalex.org/W4224922068","https://openalex.org/W4281667450","https://openalex.org/W4283783145","https://openalex.org/W4315572985","https://openalex.org/W4320492396","https://openalex.org/W4322502770","https://openalex.org/W4323313995","https://openalex.org/W4324057464","https://openalex.org/W4389286790","https://openalex.org/W4391432490","https://openalex.org/W4400940009","https://openalex.org/W4401623625","https://openalex.org/W4402006596","https://openalex.org/W4406401267","https://openalex.org/W4408848284","https://openalex.org/W4409338201","https://openalex.org/W4410481385","https://openalex.org/W4412520162","https://openalex.org/W4415592915","https://openalex.org/W4415643401"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Low-cost":[0],"IoT-based":[1,86],"air":[2],"quality":[3],"sensors":[4],"enable":[5],"dense":[6],"monitoring":[7,87,208],"networks":[8],"but":[9,26],"suffer":[10],"from":[11],"significant":[12],"measurement":[13],"noise":[14,25,69],"and":[15,33,71,89,119,125,145,150,166,190],"instability":[16],"particularly":[17],"in":[18,206],"dynamic":[19],"environments.":[20],"Conventional":[21],"fixed-window":[22,151],"smoothing":[23],"reduces":[24],"introduces":[27],"a":[28,95,102],"trade-off":[29],"between":[30],"signal":[31,58,143,195],"stability":[32,144],"temporal":[34,139],"responsiveness,":[35],"often":[36],"attenuating":[37],"short-term":[38,57],"pollution":[39],"events.":[40],"This":[41],"paper":[42],"proposes":[43],"an":[44,85,188],"adaptive":[45,135,185],"filtering":[46,136,186],"algorithm":[47],"that":[48,182],"dynamically":[49],"adjusts":[50],"the":[51,183],"averaging":[52],"window":[53],"size":[54],"based":[55],"on":[56,63,197],"variability.":[59],"The":[60,80,133,179],"method":[61,156],"relies":[62],"real-time":[64,168,194],"variance":[65],"estimation":[66],"to":[67,73,148],"balance":[68],"suppression":[70],"sensitivity":[72],"rapid":[74],"changes":[75],"without":[76],"increasing":[77],"computational":[78],"complexity.":[79],"approach":[81,137],"is":[82],"implemented":[83],"within":[84],"framework":[88],"evaluated":[90],"using":[91],"parallel":[92],"measurements":[93],"with":[94,109],"certified":[96,103],"reference":[97,104],"device.":[98],"Comparative":[99],"analysis":[100],"against":[101],"device":[105],"demonstrates":[106],"strong":[107],"agreement,":[108],"Pearson":[110],"correlation":[111],"coefficients":[112],"reaching":[113],"r":[114,120],"=":[115,121],"0.88":[116],"for":[117,123,193,203],"PM2.5":[118],"0.86":[122],"PM10,":[124],"low":[126,162],"error":[127],"levels":[128],"(RMSE":[129],"\u2248":[130],"2.1\u20132.2":[131],"\u00b5g/m3).":[132],"proposed":[134,184],"preserves":[138],"dynamics":[140],"while":[141],"improving":[142],"robustness":[146],"compared":[147],"raw":[149],"filtering.":[152],"In":[153],"addition,":[154],"this":[155],"improves":[157],"event":[158],"detection":[159],"stability,":[160],"achieving":[161],"false":[163],"alarm":[164],"rates":[165],"near":[167],"response":[169],"(latency":[170],"<":[171],"1":[172],"sampling":[173],"interval),":[174],"supporting":[175],"RPA-based":[176],"workflow":[177],"triggering.":[178],"results":[180],"show":[181],"provides":[187],"efficient":[189],"lightweight":[191],"solution":[192],"processing":[196],"resource-constrained":[198],"devices,":[199],"making":[200],"it":[201],"suitable":[202],"large-scale":[204],"deployment":[205],"environmental":[207],"systems.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2026-05-19T00:00:00"}