{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7152589754","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a19040291","title":"An Improved H\u221e Tracking Controller for Uncertain Systems Based on DDPG with Improved Exploration Strategy","display_name":"An Improved H\u221e Tracking Controller for Uncertain Systems Based on DDPG with Improved Exploration Strategy","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7152589754","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a19040291"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a19040291","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a19040291","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/19/4/291/pdf?version=1775725937","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/19/4/291/pdf?version=1775725937","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124876348","display_name":"Yujie Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123185","display_name":"Zhejiang Lab","ror":"https://ror.org/02m2h7991","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55712492","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02djqfd08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yujie Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automation and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Control for Complex Systems, College of Information Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automation and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Control for Complex Systems, College of Information Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492","https://openalex.org/I4210123185"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5124876348"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185","https://openalex.org/I55712492"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.45884722,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"4","first_page":"291","last_page":"291"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12794","display_name":"Adaptive Dynamic Programming Control","score":0.8906000256538391,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12794","display_name":"Adaptive Dynamic Programming Control","score":0.8906000256538391,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10040","display_name":"Adaptive Control of Nonlinear Systems","score":0.03999999910593033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.015399999916553497,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.741599977016449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.6523000001907349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transient","display_name":"Transient (computer programming)","score":0.6439999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.5875999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.567300021648407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attenuation","display_name":"Attenuation","score":0.566100001335144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking-error","display_name":"Tracking error","score":0.5228000283241272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.51419997215271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stability","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","score":0.47589999437332153}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.741599977016449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7202000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.6523000001907349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780799671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17087362","display_name":"Transient (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.6439999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.5875999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.567300021648407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184652730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2357982","display_name":"Attenuation","level":2,"score":0.566100001335144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183356978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779213","display_name":"Tracking error","level":3,"score":0.5228000283241272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.51419997215271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.47589999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31531917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q915157","display_name":"Robust control","level":3,"score":0.4180000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.4072999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.398499995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.3400000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5283581","display_name":"Disturbance (geology)","level":2,"score":0.3370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.3321000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.323199987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155386361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1649571","display_name":"Process control","level":3,"score":0.30320000648498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.30149999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117619785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6094414","display_name":"Iterative learning control","level":3,"score":0.27959999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188116033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2664563","display_name":"Q-learning","level":3,"score":0.2727000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154586513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4420972","display_name":"Tracking system","level":3,"score":0.26649999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85761212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1974593","display_name":"Transient response","level":2,"score":0.263700008392334}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/a19040291","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a19040291","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/19/4/291/pdf?version=1775725937","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f7ac2570253541ec9001b25c2aef6e13","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f7ac2570253541ec9001b25c2aef6e13","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms, Vol 19, Iss 4, p 291 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a19040291","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a19040291","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/19/4/291/pdf?version=1775725937","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7152589754.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7152589754.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2010017433","https://openalex.org/W2035003264","https://openalex.org/W2038261770","https://openalex.org/W2045398296","https://openalex.org/W2079229429","https://openalex.org/W2088272520","https://openalex.org/W2572671133","https://openalex.org/W2915707381","https://openalex.org/W2997434542","https://openalex.org/W3013762257","https://openalex.org/W3119172637","https://openalex.org/W3128011616","https://openalex.org/W3136694950","https://openalex.org/W3154290186","https://openalex.org/W3209393188","https://openalex.org/W4283446844","https://openalex.org/W4308219949","https://openalex.org/W4312809224","https://openalex.org/W4383213778","https://openalex.org/W4386640424","https://openalex.org/W4388430413","https://openalex.org/W4390200407","https://openalex.org/W4390692002","https://openalex.org/W4399411714","https://openalex.org/W4399665901","https://openalex.org/W4404326940","https://openalex.org/W4405276084","https://openalex.org/W4406425615","https://openalex.org/W4409030901"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"an":[3],"integrated":[4],"robust\u2013learning":[5],"control":[6],"framework":[7],"for":[8],"uncertain":[9],"systems":[10],"with":[11],"external":[12],"disturbances.":[13],"An":[14],"H\u221e":[15,50],"state-feedback":[16],"controller":[17],"is":[18,45,79],"first":[19],"synthesized":[20],"to":[21,47,54],"ensure":[22],"closed-loop":[23],"stability":[24],"and":[25,57,111],"a":[26,76],"prescribed":[27],"disturbance":[28],"attenuation":[29],"level":[30],"under":[31,96],"norm-bounded":[32],"uncertainties.":[33],"Building":[34],"on":[35],"this":[36],"robust":[37,66],"baseline,":[38],"the":[39,49,62,70,84,119,122],"Deep":[40],"Deterministic":[41],"Policy":[42],"Gradient":[43],"(DDPG)":[44],"used":[46],"refine":[48],"feedback":[51],"gains":[52],"online":[53],"improve":[55,69],"tracking":[56,90],"transient":[58,113],"performance":[59],"while":[60,99],"reducing":[61],"conservatism":[63],"of":[64,89,121],"fixed":[65],"gains.":[67],"To":[68],"exploration":[71,85,95,102],"process":[72],"in":[73],"reinforcement":[74],"learning,":[75],"tracking-error-guided":[77],"mechanism":[78],"developed.":[80],"It":[81],"adaptively":[82],"adjusts":[83],"intensity":[86],"by":[87],"means":[88],"error":[91],"energy,":[92],"promoting":[93],"reasonable":[94],"steady-state":[97],"conditions":[98],"suppressing":[100],"excessive":[101],"during":[103],"large":[104],"transients,":[105],"thereby":[106],"improving":[107],"both":[108],"learning":[109],"efficiency":[110],"system":[112],"performance.":[114],"The":[115],"simulation":[116],"results":[117],"verify":[118],"effectiveness":[120],"proposed":[123],"method.":[124]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-13T06:13:01.061226","created_date":"2026-04-10T00:00:00"}
