{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7122732663","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a19010065","title":"RIS-UAV Cooperative ISAC Technology for 6G: Architecture, Optimization, and Challenges","display_name":"RIS-UAV Cooperative ISAC Technology for 6G: Architecture, Optimization, and Challenges","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7122732663","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a19010065"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a19010065","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a19010065","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/19/1/65/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/19/1/65/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yuanfei Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I64852412","display_name":"Sichuan University of Science and Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/053fzma23","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I64852412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanfei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation and Information Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Yibin 644000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation and Information Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Yibin 644000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64852412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121838741","display_name":"Zhongqiang Luo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131342","display_name":"Yibin University","ror":"https://ror.org/03w8m2977","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131342"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I64852412","display_name":"Sichuan University of Science and Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/053fzma23","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I64852412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongqiang Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Perception and Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Yibin 644000, China","School of Automation and Information Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Yibin 644000, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1767-1831","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Perception and Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Yibin 644000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131342","https://openalex.org/I64852412"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation and Information Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Yibin 644000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64852412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122819355","display_name":"Wenjie Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I64852412","display_name":"Sichuan University of Science and Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/053fzma23","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I64852412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenjie Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation and Information Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Yibin 644000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation and Information Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Yibin 644000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64852412"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122749692","display_name":"Wencheng Tian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I64852412","display_name":"Sichuan University of Science and Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/053fzma23","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I64852412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wencheng Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation and Information Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Yibin 644000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation and Information Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Yibin 644000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64852412"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"fwci":10.563,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97527433,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"1","first_page":"65","last_page":"65"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.0015999999595806003,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5134000182151794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.34439998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/access-technology","display_name":"Access technology","score":0.2822999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emerging-technologies","display_name":"Emerging technologies","score":0.25440001487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-and-communications-technology","display_name":"Information and Communications Technology","score":0.2443999946117401}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7202000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.6032000184059143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5134000182151794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.34439998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983646967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q688498","display_name":"Access technology","level":3,"score":0.2822999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2667999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207267971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120208","display_name":"Emerging technologies","level":2,"score":0.25440001487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.24580000340938568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67363961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5268834","display_name":"Information and Communications Technology","level":2,"score":0.2443999946117401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.23680000007152557}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/a19010065","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a19010065","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/19/1/65/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f481695f9d394f2e9b0db2a8703d2ab6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f481695f9d394f2e9b0db2a8703d2ab6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms, Vol 19, Iss 1, p 65 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a19010065","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a19010065","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/19/1/65/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5726017951965332}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2453976553","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61801319","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8462392454","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SUSE652A011","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322947","funder_display_name":"Sichuan University of Science and Engineering"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322947","display_name":"Sichuan University of Science and Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/053fzma23"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322990","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333335","display_name":"Sichuan Province Science and Technology Support Program","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7122732663.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7122732663.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,93,105],"development":[2],"of":[3,48,76,82,96],"6G":[4],"technology,":[5],"conventional":[6],"wireless":[7],"communication":[8,27],"systems":[9],"are":[10,114],"increasingly":[11],"unable":[12],"to":[13],"meet":[14],"stringent":[15],"performance":[16],"requirements":[17],"in":[18,67,101],"complex":[19],"and":[20,26,84,109,116],"dynamic":[21],"environments.":[22],"Therefore,":[23],"integrated":[24],"sensing":[25],"(ISAC),":[28],"which":[29],"enables":[30],"efficient":[31],"spectrum":[32],"sharing,":[33],"has":[34],"attracted":[35],"growing":[36],"attention":[37],"as":[38],"a":[39,45,61,73],"promising":[40],"solution.":[41],"This":[42],"paper":[43],"provides":[44],"comprehensive":[46],"survey":[47],"reconfigurable":[49],"intelligent":[50],"surface":[51],"(RIS)-unmanned":[52],"aerial":[53],"vehicle":[54],"(UAV)-assisted":[55],"ISAC":[56,88],"systems.":[57,103],"It":[58],"first":[59],"introduces":[60],"four-dimensional":[62],"quantitative":[63],"evaluation":[64],"framework":[65],"grounded":[66],"information":[68],"theory.":[69],"Then,":[70],"we":[71,91],"provide":[72],"structured":[74],"overview":[75],"coordination":[77],"mechanisms":[78],"between":[79],"different":[80],"types":[81],"RIS":[83],"UAV":[85],"platforms":[86],"within":[87],"architectures.":[89],"Furthermore,":[90],"analyze":[92],"application":[94],"characteristics":[95],"various":[97],"multiple":[98],"access":[99],"schemes":[100],"these":[102],"Finally,":[104],"main":[106],"technical":[107],"challenges":[108],"potential":[110],"future":[111],"research":[112],"directions":[113],"discussed":[115],"analyzed.":[117]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2026-01-13T00:00:00"}
