{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416782102","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a18120747","title":"A Monte Carlo Simulation Algorithm to Assess Rollout Feasibility in Stepped-Wedge Trials: A Case Study of National CPR Training Kiosk Deployment","display_name":"A Monte Carlo Simulation Algorithm to Assess Rollout Feasibility in Stepped-Wedge Trials: A Case Study of National CPR Training Kiosk Deployment","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416782102","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a18120747"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a18120747","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a18120747","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/18/12/747/pdf?version=1764317690","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/18/12/747/pdf?version=1764317690","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066747235","display_name":"Robert Ohle","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802851750","display_name":"Health Sciences North","ror":"https://ror.org/04br0rs05","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802851750"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7899908","display_name":"NOSM University","ror":"https://ror.org/05yb43k62","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7899908"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Robert Ohle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinical Science Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada","Department of Emergency Medicine, Health Sciences North, Sudbury, ON P3E 5J1, Canada","Health Science North Research Institute, Sudbury, ON P3E 2H3, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Science Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7899908"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Health Sciences North, Sudbury, ON P3E 5J1, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802851750"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Health Science North Research Institute, Sudbury, ON P3E 2H3, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802851750"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047367295","display_name":"Sarah McIsaac","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9313-286X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802851750","display_name":"Health Sciences North","ror":"https://ror.org/04br0rs05","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802851750"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7899908","display_name":"NOSM University","ror":"https://ror.org/05yb43k62","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7899908"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarah McIsaac","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinical Science Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada","Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Health Science North, Sudbury, ON P3E 5J1, Canada","Health Science North Research Institute, Sudbury, ON P3E 2H3, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Science Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7899908"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Health Science North, Sudbury, ON P3E 5J1, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802851750"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Health Science North Research Institute, Sudbury, ON P3E 2H3, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802851750"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066747235"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802851750","https://openalex.org/I7899908"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.54084692,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"12","first_page":"747","last_page":"747"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10645","display_name":"Cardiac Arrest and Resuscitation","score":0.5465999841690063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2711","display_name":"Emergency Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10645","display_name":"Cardiac Arrest and Resuscitation","score":0.5465999841690063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2711","display_name":"Emergency Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11430","display_name":"Disaster Response and Management","score":0.024700000882148743,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3604","display_name":"Emergency Medical Services"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11500","display_name":"Evacuation and Crowd Dynamics","score":0.02239999920129776,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-method","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","score":0.7773000001907349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6845999956130981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interactive-kiosk","display_name":"Interactive kiosk","score":0.680400013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.6273000240325928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/productivity","display_name":"Productivity","score":0.4740000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","score":0.41600000858306885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.7773000001907349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6845999956130981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116865082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1370241","display_name":"Interactive kiosk","level":2,"score":0.680400013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.64410001039505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.6273000240325928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.4740000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164866538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367351","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","level":2,"score":0.41600000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.39899998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777211547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141490","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.3517000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15482360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15238499","display_name":"Monte Carlo algorithm","level":3,"score":0.3384000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.30090001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207609745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4944086","display_name":"Bootstrapping (finance)","level":2,"score":0.2946999967098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127454912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q942582","display_name":"Cost\u2013benefit analysis","level":2,"score":0.28299999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.2676999866962433}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/a18120747","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a18120747","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/18/12/747/pdf?version=1764317690","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f92c489a754b431991f4fef01da366c8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f92c489a754b431991f4fef01da366c8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms, Vol 18, Iss 12, p 747 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a18120747","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a18120747","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/18/12/747/pdf?version=1764317690","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416782102.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2031813555","https://openalex.org/W2055690472","https://openalex.org/W2057413381","https://openalex.org/W2071698183","https://openalex.org/W2077015042","https://openalex.org/W2106779732","https://openalex.org/W2120079020","https://openalex.org/W2140092196","https://openalex.org/W2143526624","https://openalex.org/W2267651337","https://openalex.org/W2727748044","https://openalex.org/W3012015646","https://openalex.org/W4214913039","https://openalex.org/W4381800263"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Stepped-wedge":[1],"cluster":[2,19],"randomized":[3],"trials":[4],"(SW-CRTs)":[5],"are":[6],"increasingly":[7],"used":[8],"to":[9,48,62,139,206,224],"evaluate":[10],"population-level":[11],"interventions,":[12],"but":[13],"trial":[14,36],"validity":[15],"depends":[16],"on":[17],"timely":[18],"transitions.":[20],"Rollout":[21],"feasibility":[22,51,109,202],"is":[23,222],"often":[24],"assumed":[25],"rather":[26],"than":[27],"modelled.":[28],"In":[29],"the":[30,187,212],"context":[31],"of":[32,37,142,214],"a":[33,43,161,196],"planned":[34],"national":[35,226],"CPR":[38,66,207],"training":[39],"kiosks,":[40],"we":[41],"developed":[42],"Monte":[44,57,192],"Carlo":[45,58,193],"simulation":[46,194],"algorithm":[47,59],"quantify":[49],"logistical":[50],"under":[52,72,231],"uncertainty.":[53,232],"Methods:":[54],"A":[55],"stochastic":[56],"was":[60,101],"implemented":[61],"simulate":[63],"deploying":[64],"100":[65],"kiosks":[67],"across":[68,103,158],"eight":[69],"Canadian":[70],"cities":[71,131],"four":[73],"team":[74],"structures.":[75],"Inputs":[76],"included":[77,107],"productivity":[78],"(0.8\u20131.2":[79],"kiosks/day),":[80],"disruption":[81],"probabilities":[82],"(weather,":[83],"venue":[84],"access,":[85],"technical":[86],"failure,":[87],"staff":[88,164,185],"illness,":[89],"transport":[90],"delays),":[91],"and":[92,117,135,153,217],"cost":[93,173],"parameters":[94],"(salaries,":[95],"per":[96,176],"diems,":[97],"travel).":[98],"Each":[99],"scenario":[100],"simulated":[102],"3000":[104],"iterations.":[105],"Outputs":[106],"per-city":[108],"(p":[110],"\u2264":[111],"60":[112,144],"days),":[113],"total":[114],"project":[115],"duration,":[116],"risk\u2013cost":[118],"trade-offs.":[119],"Results:":[120],"Single-team":[121],"strategies":[122,147],"required":[123],"9\u201310":[124],"months":[125],"for":[126,199],"full":[127],"rollout,":[128],"with":[129,170,183],"winter-exposed":[130],"such":[132],"as":[133,186],"Halifax":[134],"Charlottetown":[136],"having":[137],"up":[138],"30%":[140],"probability":[141],"exceeding":[143],"days.":[145],"Two-team":[146],"halved":[148],"rollout":[149,157,201,230],"time":[150],"(4\u20135":[151],"months)":[152],"achieved":[154],"&gt;95%":[155],"on-time":[156],"cities.":[159],"Adding":[160],"third":[162],"onsite":[163],"member":[165],"reduced":[166],"risk":[167],"by":[168],"5\u201315%":[169],"modest":[171],"additional":[172],"(~CAD":[174],"1500\u20132000":[175],"city).":[177],"Risk\u2013cost":[178],"analysis":[179],"identified":[180],"two":[181],"teams":[182],"three":[184],"most":[188],"reliable":[189],"strategy.":[190],"Conclusions:":[191],"provides":[195],"practical":[197],"framework":[198],"assessing":[200],"in":[203],"SW-CRTs.":[204],"Applied":[205],"kiosk":[208],"deployment,":[209],"it":[210],"highlights":[211],"importance":[213],"staffing,":[215],"seasonality,":[216],"city-level":[218],"context.":[219],"The":[220],"approach":[221],"generalizable":[223],"other":[225],"interventions":[227],"requiring":[228],"phased":[229]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-11T06:11:40.159057","created_date":"2025-11-28T00:00:00"}
