{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414557020","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a18100605","title":"SAIN: Search-And-INfer, a Mathematical and Computational Framework for Personalised Multimodal Data Modelling with Applications in Healthcare","display_name":"SAIN: Search-And-INfer, a Mathematical and Computational Framework for Personalised Multimodal Data Modelling with Applications in Healthcare","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414557020","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a18100605"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a18100605","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a18100605","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/18/10/605/pdf?version=1758889618","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/18/10/605/pdf?version=1758889618","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079186295","display_name":"Cristian S. Calude","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8711-6799"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154130895","display_name":"University of Auckland","ror":"https://ror.org/03b94tp07","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cristian S. Calude","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002935320","display_name":"Patrick Gladding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0380-3592"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154130895","display_name":"University of Auckland","ror":"https://ror.org/03b94tp07","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick Gladding","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064053144","display_name":"Alec Henderson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9233-5059"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alec Henderson","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Queensland Center for Clinical Research, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Queensland Center for Clinical Research, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024893012","display_name":"Nikola Kasabov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4433-7521"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39854758","display_name":"Auckland University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zvqw119","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39854758"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nikola Kasabov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1142, New Zealand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1142, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39854758"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024893012"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39854758"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.30219077,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"10","first_page":"605","last_page":"605"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11396","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11396","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.9797999858856201,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.9602000117301941,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modalities","display_name":"Modalities","score":0.7949000000953674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modality","display_name":"Modality (human\u2013computer interaction)","score":0.6035000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.513700008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.5031999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.49939998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aggregate","display_name":"Aggregate (composite)","score":0.4381999969482422}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7983999848365784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779903281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888026","display_name":"Modalities","level":2,"score":0.7949000000953674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780226545","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888030","display_name":"Modality (human\u2013computer interaction)","level":2,"score":0.6035000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5677000284194946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5662000179290771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.513700008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.5031999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.49939998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.47769999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4679612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q866298","display_name":"Aggregate (composite)","level":2,"score":0.4381999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114289077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3284399","display_name":"Statistical model","level":2,"score":0.3880999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.3847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138958017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190087","display_name":"Data type","level":2,"score":0.34940001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45804977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239673","display_name":"Predictive modelling","level":2,"score":0.33219999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.3273000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2639959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1344778","display_name":"Distance measures","level":2,"score":0.27549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66024118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122506","display_name":"Computational model","level":2,"score":0.2696000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.25769999623298645}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/a18100605","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a18100605","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/18/10/605/pdf?version=1758889618","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:661fc795825f49819ac43c1841c74a4b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/661fc795825f49819ac43c1841c74a4b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms, Vol 18, Iss 10, p 605 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:openrepository.aut.ac.nz:10292/19922","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10292/19922","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401809","display_name":"Tuwhera (Auckland University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I39854758","host_organization_name":"Auckland University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39854758"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a18100605","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a18100605","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/18/10/605/pdf?version=1758889618","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414557020.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W117546640","https://openalex.org/W2019598563","https://openalex.org/W2026841079","https://openalex.org/W2068412200","https://openalex.org/W2119951963","https://openalex.org/W2134620325","https://openalex.org/W2170679550","https://openalex.org/W2603774824","https://openalex.org/W2793297611","https://openalex.org/W2885354784","https://openalex.org/W2888850715","https://openalex.org/W2973843421","https://openalex.org/W3092288309","https://openalex.org/W3099751368","https://openalex.org/W3201244874","https://openalex.org/W3203310594","https://openalex.org/W4226489281","https://openalex.org/W4311087258","https://openalex.org/W4320912995","https://openalex.org/W4385063871","https://openalex.org/W4385336076","https://openalex.org/W4385482774","https://openalex.org/W4387965772"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Personalised":[0],"modelling":[1],"has":[2],"become":[3],"dominant":[4],"in":[5],"personalised":[6,26],"medicine":[7],"and":[8,38,71,77,106,130,142,153,166,169],"precision":[9],"health.":[10],"It":[11],"creates":[12],"a":[13,51,81,87,108,116,127,135,171],"computational":[14],"model":[15],"for":[16,43,75,102,134],"an":[17,40,72],"individual":[18],"based":[19,96],"on":[20,50,80,97],"large":[21],"data":[22,53,104],"repositories":[23],"of":[24,89,148,174],"existing":[25],"data,":[27,150],"aiming":[28],"to":[29,111,121,126,145],"achieve":[30],"the":[31,60,123],"best":[32],"possible":[33],"personal":[34],"diagnosis":[35,152],"or":[36,55],"prognosis":[37],"derive":[39],"informative":[41,73],"explanation":[42,74],"it.":[44],"Current":[45],"methods":[46],"are":[47],"still":[48],"working":[49],"single":[52,117],"modality":[54,105],"treating":[56],"all":[57,113],"modalities":[58,114],"with":[59],"same":[61],"method.":[62],"The":[63,93],"proposed":[64],"method,":[65],"SAIN":[66,141],"(Search-And-INfer),":[67],"offers":[68],"better":[69],"results":[70],"classification":[76],"prediction":[78],"tasks":[79],"new":[82,109,128],"multimodal":[83,91,149],"object":[84],"(sample)":[85],"using":[86,170],"database":[88],"similar":[90],"objects.":[92],"method":[94],"is":[95],"different":[98],"distance":[99,119],"measures":[100],"suitable":[101],"each":[103],"introduces":[107],"formula":[110],"aggregate":[112],"into":[115],"vector":[118],"measure":[120],"find":[122],"closest":[124],"objects":[125],"one,":[129],"then":[131],"use":[132],"them":[133],"probabilistic":[136],"inference.":[137],"This":[138],"paper":[139],"describes":[140],"applies":[143],"it":[144],"two":[146],"types":[147],"cardiovascular":[151],"EEG":[154],"time":[155,167],"series,":[156,168],"modelled":[157],"by":[158],"integrating":[159],"modalities,":[160],"such":[161],"as":[162],"numbers,":[163],"categories,":[164],"images,":[165],"software":[172],"implementation":[173],"SAIN.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-18T14:38:29.013473","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}