{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414141516","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a18090569","title":"Research on CNC Machine Tool Spindle Fault Diagnosis Method Based on Deep Residual Shrinkage Network with Dynamic Convolution and Selective Kernel Attention Model","display_name":"Research on CNC Machine Tool Spindle Fault Diagnosis Method Based on Deep Residual Shrinkage Network with Dynamic Convolution and Selective Kernel Attention Model","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414141516","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a18090569"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a18090569","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a18090569","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/18/9/569/pdf?version=1757421982","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/18/9/569/pdf?version=1757421982","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100758191","display_name":"Xiaoxu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4060-0935"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I49232843","display_name":"Changchun University","ror":"https://ror.org/02an57k10","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49232843"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoxu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical and Vehicular Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun 130022, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Vehicular Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun 130022, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I49232843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001840189","display_name":"Jixuan Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I49232843","display_name":"Changchun University","ror":"https://ror.org/02an57k10","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49232843"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jixuan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical and Vehicular Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun 130022, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2513-3226","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Vehicular Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun 130022, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I49232843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100436362","display_name":"Jianqiang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8848-7911"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I49232843","display_name":"Changchun University","ror":"https://ror.org/02an57k10","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49232843"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianqiang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical and Vehicular Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun 130022, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Vehicular Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun 130022, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I49232843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jiahao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3059-136X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I49232843","display_name":"Changchun University","ror":"https://ror.org/02an57k10","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49232843"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiahao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical and Vehicular Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun 130022, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3059-136X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Vehicular Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun 130022, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I49232843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115593395","display_name":"Jiamin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0118-4852"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102505","display_name":"Jilin Engineering Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/018gks972","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiamin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun 130052, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun 130052, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210102505"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088179918","display_name":"Jiaming Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8277-2896"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I49232843","display_name":"Changchun University","ror":"https://ror.org/02an57k10","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49232843"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaming Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical and Vehicular Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun 130022, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Vehicular Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun 130022, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I49232843"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053801766","display_name":"Xuelian Yu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I49232843","display_name":"Changchun University","ror":"https://ror.org/02an57k10","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49232843"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xuelian Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical and Vehicular Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun 130022, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Vehicular Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun 130022, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I49232843"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053801766"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I49232843"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"fwci":1.0247,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76865092,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"9","first_page":"569","last_page":"569"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11062","display_name":"Gear and Bearing Dynamics Analysis","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10188","display_name":"Advanced machining processes and optimization","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual","display_name":"Residual","score":0.6169000267982483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6159999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.5963000059127808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolution","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","score":0.5889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.42320001125335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laplace-transform","display_name":"Laplace transform","score":0.40389999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4018999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vibration","display_name":"Vibration","score":0.3774000108242035}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7113000154495239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.6169000267982483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6159999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.5963000059127808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45347329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166604","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","level":3,"score":0.5889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5478000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.42320001125335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97937538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199691","display_name":"Laplace transform","level":2,"score":0.40389999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4018999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3928999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198394728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3695508","display_name":"Vibration","level":2,"score":0.3774000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199978012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1273815","display_name":"Bearing (navigation)","level":2,"score":0.35749998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152745839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5438153","display_name":"Fault detection and isolation","level":3,"score":0.3564999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47432892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831390","display_name":"Wavelet","level":2,"score":0.3481999933719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.34529998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.3231000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169334058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q353292","display_name":"Additive white Gaussian noise","level":3,"score":0.3188999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.30709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5941749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19768","display_name":"Machine tool","level":2,"score":0.30570000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.2824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163294075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581861","display_name":"Noise reduction","level":2,"score":0.27219998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95722684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2622756","display_name":"Continuous wavelet transform","level":5,"score":0.2662000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197424946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165717","display_name":"Waveform","level":3,"score":0.2623000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.2535000145435333}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/a18090569","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a18090569","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/18/9/569/pdf?version=1757421982","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0e9bc34e6bb949489f4ac5cfccf51165","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0e9bc34e6bb949489f4ac5cfccf51165","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms, Vol 18, Iss 9, p 569 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a18090569","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a18090569","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/18/9/569/pdf?version=1757421982","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G476604772","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JJKH20251092CY","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326270","funder_display_name":"Education Department of Jilin Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322174","display_name":"People's Government of Jilin Province","ror":"https://ror.org/02fzqav45"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326270","display_name":"Education Department of Jilin Province","ror":"https://ror.org/05782e512"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414141516.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414141516.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2021909145","https://openalex.org/W2033800551","https://openalex.org/W2151162785","https://openalex.org/W2181410288","https://openalex.org/W2230524333","https://openalex.org/W2578298220","https://openalex.org/W2768149277","https://openalex.org/W2810292802","https://openalex.org/W2901420384","https://openalex.org/W2912412749","https://openalex.org/W3006793235","https://openalex.org/W3008309516","https://openalex.org/W3134397144","https://openalex.org/W3140854437","https://openalex.org/W4310291791","https://openalex.org/W4318474367","https://openalex.org/W4321366231","https://openalex.org/W4377023769","https://openalex.org/W4385247625","https://openalex.org/W4385275116","https://openalex.org/W4389538225","https://openalex.org/W4392347589","https://openalex.org/W4392349400","https://openalex.org/W4398764972","https://openalex.org/W4403437241","https://openalex.org/W4404317010","https://openalex.org/W4407843208","https://openalex.org/W4408229147","https://openalex.org/W4410557585","https://openalex.org/W4410628096"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2391958761","https://openalex.org/W2765453142","https://openalex.org/W2356780078","https://openalex.org/W2356008845","https://openalex.org/W4386858688","https://openalex.org/W2982536526","https://openalex.org/W4380302312","https://openalex.org/W3008689640","https://openalex.org/W4385338604","https://openalex.org/W3081626085"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Rolling":[0],"bearing":[1,146],"vibration":[2,44],"signals":[3,45],"are":[4,46],"often":[5],"severely":[6],"affected":[7],"by":[8],"strong":[9,171],"external":[10],"noise,":[11,164],"which":[12],"can":[13,116],"obscure":[14],"fault-related":[15],"features":[16],"and":[17,37,120,143,156,162,174],"hinder":[18],"accurate":[19],"diagnosis.":[20],"To":[21,87],"address":[22],"this":[23,25],"challenge,":[24],"paper":[26],"proposes":[27],"an":[28,91],"enhanced":[29],"Deep":[30],"Residual":[31],"Shrinkage":[32],"Network":[33],"with":[34],"Dynamic":[35],"Convolution":[36],"Selective":[38,92],"Kernel":[39,93],"Attention":[40,94],"(DDRSN-SKA).":[41],"First,":[42],"one-dimensional":[43],"converted":[47],"into":[48,99],"two-dimensional":[49],"time":[50],"frequency":[51],"images":[52],"using":[53],"the":[54,77,80,100,104,114,129,136,169],"Continuous":[55],"Wavelet":[56],"Transform":[57],"(CWT),":[58],"providing":[59],"richer":[60],"input":[61],"representations.":[62],"Then,":[63],"a":[64,108,144],"dynamic":[65],"convolution":[66],"module":[67,96],"is":[68,97],"introduced":[69],"to":[70,82],"adaptively":[71],"adjust":[72],"kernel":[73],"weights":[74],"based":[75],"on":[76,134],"input,":[78],"enabling":[79],"network":[81,115],"better":[83],"extract":[84],"salient":[85],"features.":[86,123],"improve":[88],"feature":[89],"discrimination,":[90],"(SKAttention)":[95],"incorporated":[98],"intermediate":[101],"layers":[102],"of":[103,154],"network.":[105],"By":[106],"applying":[107],"multi-receptive":[109],"field":[110],"channel":[111],"attention":[112],"mechanism,":[113],"emphasize":[117],"critical":[118],"information":[119],"suppress":[121],"irrelevant":[122],"The":[124],"final":[125],"classification":[126],"layer":[127],"determines":[128],"fault":[130,178],"types.":[131],"Experiments":[132],"conducted":[133],"both":[135],"Case":[137],"Western":[138],"Reserve":[139],"University":[140],"(CWRU)":[141],"dataset":[142,147],"laboratory-collected":[145],"demonstrate":[148],"that":[149],"DDRSN-SKA":[150],"achieves":[151],"diagnostic":[152],"accuracies":[153],"98.44%":[155],"94.44%":[157],"under":[158],"\u22128":[159],"dB":[160],"Gaussian":[161],"Laplace":[163],"respectively.":[165],"These":[166],"results":[167],"confirm":[168],"model\u2019s":[170],"noise":[172],"robustness":[173],"its":[175],"suitability":[176],"for":[177],"diagnosis":[179],"in":[180],"noisy":[181],"industrial":[182],"environments.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-25T09:21:30.201066","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}