{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413910554","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a18090554","title":"Future Skills in the GenAI Era: A Labor Market Classification System Using Kolmogorov\u2013Arnold Networks and Explainable AI","display_name":"Future Skills in the GenAI Era: A Labor Market Classification System Using Kolmogorov\u2013Arnold Networks and Explainable AI","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413910554","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a18090554"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a18090554","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a18090554","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/18/9/554/pdf?version=1756816497","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/18/9/554/pdf?version=1756816497","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093389486","display_name":"Dimitrios Christos Kavargyris","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7366-0273"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21370196","display_name":"Aristotle University of Thessaloniki","ror":"https://ror.org/02j61yw88","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dimitrios Christos Kavargyris","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020851132","display_name":"Konstantinos Georgiou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9851-1196"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21370196","display_name":"Aristotle University of Thessaloniki","ror":"https://ror.org/02j61yw88","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Konstantinos Georgiou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Eleanna Papaioannou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4002-8267"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21370196","display_name":"Aristotle University of Thessaloniki","ror":"https://ror.org/02j61yw88","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eleanna Papaioannou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007241792","display_name":"Theodoros Moysiadis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1673-196X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17389662","display_name":"University of Nicosia","ror":"https://ror.org/04v18t651","country_code":"CY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17389662"]}],"countries":["CY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Theodoros Moysiadis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 2417, Cyprus"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 2417, Cyprus","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17389662"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081514756","display_name":"Nikolaos Mittas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3061-7864"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I147962203","display_name":"Democritus University of Thrace","ror":"https://ror.org/03bfqnx40","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147962203"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikolaos Mittas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Democritus University of Thrace, 65404 Kavala, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Democritus University of Thrace, 65404 Kavala, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147962203"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008070273","display_name":"Lefteris Angelis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6677-4039"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21370196","display_name":"Aristotle University of Thessaloniki","ror":"https://ror.org/02j61yw88","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lefteris Angelis","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5093389486"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":5.8106,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96182903,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"9","first_page":"554","last_page":"554"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11326","display_name":"Stock Market Forecasting Methods","score":0.8046000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11326","display_name":"Stock Market Forecasting Methods","score":0.8046000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11052","display_name":"Energy Load and Power Forecasting","score":0.6998999714851379,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.6901000142097473,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.498765230178833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.47603845596313477}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.498765230178833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47603845596313477}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/a18090554","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a18090554","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/18/9/554/pdf?version=1756816497","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ca1d52eec65d41fa8cab101e57c68d1a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ca1d52eec65d41fa8cab101e57c68d1a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms, Vol 18, Iss 9, p 554 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a18090554","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a18090554","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/18/9/554/pdf?version=1756816497","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6509654535","display_name":"SKILLAB: Monitoring The Demand And Supply Of Skills In The European Labour Market","funder_award_id":"101132663","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7060953949","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"101132663","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334322","funder_display_name":"HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8318064016","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Horizon","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334322","display_name":"HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413910554.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413910554.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966188439","https://openalex.org/W2174287231","https://openalex.org/W2786057116","https://openalex.org/W2888124146","https://openalex.org/W2892380133","https://openalex.org/W2897356390","https://openalex.org/W2921706489","https://openalex.org/W2945976633","https://openalex.org/W3136982936","https://openalex.org/W3174318537","https://openalex.org/W4200588694","https://openalex.org/W4281251945","https://openalex.org/W4285606919","https://openalex.org/W4323655724","https://openalex.org/W4360980513","https://openalex.org/W4379416244","https://openalex.org/W4380423243","https://openalex.org/W4385632485","https://openalex.org/W4386170955","https://openalex.org/W4387618826","https://openalex.org/W4388066630","https://openalex.org/W4388687124","https://openalex.org/W4389254196","https://openalex.org/W4391046504","https://openalex.org/W4391616365","https://openalex.org/W4391654084","https://openalex.org/W4392311106","https://openalex.org/W4399476228","https://openalex.org/W4400135851","https://openalex.org/W4400650391","https://openalex.org/W4402028823","https://openalex.org/W4403060260","https://openalex.org/W4403325984","https://openalex.org/W4404208129","https://openalex.org/W4404782350","https://openalex.org/W4404783774","https://openalex.org/W4405494298","https://openalex.org/W4405846338","https://openalex.org/W4406798513","https://openalex.org/W4407177158","https://openalex.org/W4407450210","https://openalex.org/W4408351986","https://openalex.org/W4408451859","https://openalex.org/W4408482048","https://openalex.org/W4409209422","https://openalex.org/W4409735417","https://openalex.org/W4410202262","https://openalex.org/W4410615430","https://openalex.org/W4410976951","https://openalex.org/W4411004403","https://openalex.org/W4411176980","https://openalex.org/W4412930056"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Generative":[0],"Artificial":[1],"Intelligence":[2],"(GenAI)":[3],"is":[4,83,111,278],"widely":[5],"recognized":[6],"for":[7,121,239,282],"its":[8,22],"profound":[9],"impact":[10],"on":[11,57],"labor":[12,90,122,154,270],"market":[13,91,155],"demand,":[14],"supply,":[15],"and":[16,34,65,74,88,128,133,192,218,227,245,263,280,285],"skill":[17,264],"dynamics.":[18],"However,":[19],"due":[20],"to":[21,38,84,114,124,139,179,203,256],"transformative":[23],"nature,":[24],"GenAI":[25,210,259],"increasingly":[26],"overlaps":[27],"with":[28,169],"traditional":[29,71,143,191,222],"AI":[30,72,144,171],"roles,":[31,194],"blurring":[32],"boundaries":[33],"intensifying":[35],"the":[36,81,112,198,234,273],"need":[37],"reassess":[39],"workforce":[40,246],"competencies.":[41],"To":[42],"address":[43],"this":[44,46],"challenge,":[45],"paper":[47],"introduces":[48],"KANVAS":[49,157,250,277],"(Kolmogorov\u2013Arnold":[50],"Network":[51],"Versatile":[52],"Algorithmic":[53],"Solution)\u2014a":[54],"framework":[55,184,235],"based":[56],"Kolmogorov\u2013Arnold":[58],"Networks":[59],"(KANs),":[60],"which":[61],"utilize":[62],"B-spline-based,":[63],"compact,":[64],"interpretable":[66,89,254],"neural":[67],"units\u2014to":[68],"distinguish":[69],"between":[70,190],"roles":[73,97,223,262],"emerging":[75],"GenAI-related":[76,127],"positions.":[77],"The":[78,183],"aim":[79],"of":[80,276],"study":[82],"develop":[85],"a":[86,159,163,252,267],"reliable":[87],"classification":[92,188],"system":[93],"that":[94,105,209],"differentiates":[95],"these":[96,232],"using":[98],"explainable":[99],"machine":[100],"learning.":[101],"Unlike":[102],"prior":[103],"studies":[104],"emphasize":[106,224],"predictive":[107],"performance,":[108],"our":[109],"work":[110],"first":[113],"employ":[115],"KANs":[116],"as":[117,215],"an":[118],"explanatory":[119],"tool":[120],"classification,":[123],"reveal":[125],"how":[126,258],"European":[129],"Skills,":[130],"Competences,":[131],"Qualifications,":[132],"Occupations":[134],"(ESCO)-aligned":[135],"skills":[136,201],"differentially":[137],"contribute":[138],"distinguishing":[140],"modern":[141],"from":[142,152],"job":[145,149,261],"roles.":[146],"Using":[147],"raw":[148],"vacancy":[150],"data":[151],"two":[153],"platforms,":[156],"implements":[158],"hybrid":[160],"pipeline":[161],"combining":[162],"state-of-the-art":[164],"Large":[165],"Language":[166],"Model":[167],"(LLM)":[168],"Explainable":[170],"(XAI)":[172],"techniques,":[173],"including":[174],"Shapley":[175],"Additive":[176],"Explanations":[177],"(SHAP),":[178],"enhance":[180],"model":[181],"transparency.":[182],"achieves":[185],"approximately":[186],"80%":[187],"consistency":[189],"GenAI-aligned":[193],"while":[195],"also":[196],"identifying":[197],"most":[199],"influential":[200],"contributing":[202],"each":[204],"category.":[205],"Our":[206],"findings":[207],"indicate":[208],"positions":[211],"prioritize":[212],"competencies":[213],"such":[214],"prompt":[216],"engineering":[217],"LLM":[219],"integration,":[220],"whereas":[221],"statistical":[225],"modeling":[226],"legacy":[228],"toolkits.":[229],"By":[230],"surfacing":[231],"distinctions,":[233],"offers":[236],"actionable":[237],"insights":[238],"curriculum":[240],"design,":[241],"targeted":[242],"reskilling":[243],"programs,":[244],"policy":[247],"development.":[248],"Overall,":[249],"contributes":[251],"novel,":[253],"approach":[255],"understanding":[257],"reshapes":[260],"requirements":[265],"in":[266],"rapidly":[268],"evolving":[269],"market.":[271],"Finally,":[272],"open-source":[274],"implementation":[275],"flexible":[279],"well-suited":[281],"HR":[283],"managers":[284],"relevant":[286],"stakeholders.":[287]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-17T18:11:37.981687","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
