{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409567218","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a18040233","title":"Patient-Specific Hyperparameter Optimization of a Deep Learning-Based Tumor Autocontouring Algorithm on 2D Liver, Prostate, and Lung Cine MR Images: A Pilot Study","display_name":"Patient-Specific Hyperparameter Optimization of a Deep Learning-Based Tumor Autocontouring Algorithm on 2D Liver, Prostate, and Lung Cine MR Images: A Pilot Study","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409567218","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a18040233"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a18040233","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a18040233","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/18/4/233/pdf?version=1744968128","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/18/4/233/pdf?version=1744968128","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010116924","display_name":"Gawon Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8311-3283"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gawon Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Physics Division, Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8311-3283","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Physics Division, Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049802679","display_name":"Keith Wachowicz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1330-5562"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keith Wachowicz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Physics, Cross Cancer Institute, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada","Medical Physics Division, Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1330-5562","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Physics, Cross Cancer Institute, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Physics Division, Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007616360","display_name":"Nawaid Usmani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1298-4636"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nawaid Usmani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiation Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada","Radiation Oncology Division, Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radiation Oncology Division, Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023945714","display_name":"Don Yee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Don Yee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiation Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada","Radiation Oncology Division, Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radiation Oncology Division, Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018036171","display_name":"Jordan Wong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5644-3626"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jordan Wong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiation Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada","Radiation Oncology, British Columbia Cancer\u2014Victoria, 2410 Lee Avenue, Victoria, BC V8R 6V5, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5644-3626","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radiation Oncology, British Columbia Cancer\u2014Victoria, 2410 Lee Avenue, Victoria, BC V8R 6V5, Canada","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010013428","display_name":"Arun Elangovan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7849-5280"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arun Elangovan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Oncology, Radiation Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, University of Calgary, 1331 29th Street NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N2, Canada","Department of Radiation Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7849-5280","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Oncology, Radiation Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, University of Calgary, 1331 29th Street NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N2, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047333970","display_name":"Jihyun Yun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6113-0528"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jihyun Yun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Physics, Cross Cancer Institute, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada","Medical Physics Division, Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6113-0528","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Physics, Cross Cancer Institute, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Physics Division, Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078790371","display_name":"B. G. Fallone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4402-937X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"B. Gino Fallone","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Physics, Cross Cancer Institute, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada","Medical Physics Division, Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4402-937X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Physics, Cross Cancer Institute, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Physics Division, Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078790371"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"fwci":1.7696,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82054703,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"4","first_page":"233","last_page":"233"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10358","display_name":"Advanced Radiotherapy Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10358","display_name":"Advanced Radiotherapy Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12386","display_name":"Advanced X-ray and CT Imaging","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperparameter","display_name":"Hyperparameter","score":0.8096678256988525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prostate","display_name":"Prostate","score":0.6476352214813232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lung","display_name":"Lung","score":0.5841124653816223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.503612220287323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.49688485264778137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.44334152340888977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.37141358852386475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.16065028309822083}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8642999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4171168","display_name":"Hyperparameter","level":2,"score":0.8096678256988525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776235491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9625","display_name":"Prostate","level":3,"score":0.6476352214813232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777714996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7886","display_name":"Lung","level":2,"score":0.5841124653816223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.503612220287323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.49688485264778137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.44334152340888977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.37141358852386475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.16065028309822083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/a18040233","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a18040233","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/18/4/233/pdf?version=1744968128","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:05ae453f46a844b59f91fa8ff48c1fef","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/05ae453f46a844b59f91fa8ff48c1fef","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms, Vol 18, Iss 4, p 233 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a18040233","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a18040233","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/18/4/233/pdf?version=1744968128","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3773503448","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"437221","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334506","funder_display_name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334506","display_name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01gavpb45"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409567218.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409567218.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":77,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1689711448","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W1909740415","https://openalex.org/W1965892061","https://openalex.org/W1975143516","https://openalex.org/W1980707615","https://openalex.org/W1987345862","https://openalex.org/W1987869189","https://openalex.org/W1991432796","https://openalex.org/W1998300122","https://openalex.org/W2002731955","https://openalex.org/W2024697164","https://openalex.org/W2025829764","https://openalex.org/W2026616100","https://openalex.org/W2029413773","https://openalex.org/W2040357326","https://openalex.org/W2041978555","https://openalex.org/W2045208074","https://openalex.org/W2061096909","https://openalex.org/W2081042590","https://openalex.org/W2088396407","https://openalex.org/W2090087451","https://openalex.org/W2104133157","https://openalex.org/W2109462047","https://openalex.org/W2112036188","https://openalex.org/W2125048685","https://openalex.org/W2127480863","https://openalex.org/W2131611242","https://openalex.org/W2153920907","https://openalex.org/W2155480323","https://openalex.org/W2160609033","https://openalex.org/W2160754664","https://openalex.org/W2167221711","https://openalex.org/W2303560862","https://openalex.org/W2501224117","https://openalex.org/W2574881987","https://openalex.org/W2763130430","https://openalex.org/W2768245516","https://openalex.org/W2802671533","https://openalex.org/W2884436604","https://openalex.org/W2888011474","https://openalex.org/W2894904035","https://openalex.org/W2896556344","https://openalex.org/W2910094941","https://openalex.org/W2926054458","https://openalex.org/W2937088162","https://openalex.org/W2948556301","https://openalex.org/W2952945079","https://openalex.org/W2965025712","https://openalex.org/W2967663220","https://openalex.org/W2977860782","https://openalex.org/W2979947476","https://openalex.org/W2980846635","https://openalex.org/W3009005801","https://openalex.org/W3014974815","https://openalex.org/W3015788359","https://openalex.org/W3024584298","https://openalex.org/W3025624595","https://openalex.org/W3096947210","https://openalex.org/W3108401253","https://openalex.org/W3111513394","https://openalex.org/W3112701542","https://openalex.org/W3132455321","https://openalex.org/W3132910010","https://openalex.org/W3134870241","https://openalex.org/W3166799498","https://openalex.org/W3172681723","https://openalex.org/W4213308398","https://openalex.org/W4231652961","https://openalex.org/W4236010090","https://openalex.org/W4281790451","https://openalex.org/W4301904090","https://openalex.org/W4362603481","https://openalex.org/W6753182481","https://openalex.org/W6766576792","https://openalex.org/W6772750526"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4390421286","https://openalex.org/W4280563792","https://openalex.org/W2140186469","https://openalex.org/W4389724018","https://openalex.org/W4318719684","https://openalex.org/W2775233965","https://openalex.org/W4318559728","https://openalex.org/W4360995913","https://openalex.org/W4312193868","https://openalex.org/W4308165509"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Linear":[0],"accelerator\u2013magnetic":[1],"resonance":[2,10],"(linac-MR)":[3],"hybrid":[4],"systems":[5],"allow":[6],"for":[7,14,31,38,117,138,141,265],"real-time":[8,32,266],"magnetic":[9],"imaging":[11,52],"(MRI)-guided":[12],"radiotherapy":[13],"more":[15],"accurate":[16,276],"dose":[17],"delivery":[18],"to":[19,42,60,74,154,224,254,280],"the":[20,26,47,50,128,152,156,176,184,198,201,210,225,230,234,248,255],"tumor":[21,33,48,65,118,250,277],"and":[22,73,107,120,145,169,179,195,207,218,243,261],"improved":[23],"sparing":[24],"of":[25,54,84,159,183,209,240,259,282],"adjacent":[27],"healthy":[28],"tissues.":[29],"However,":[30],"detection,":[34],"it":[35],"is":[36],"unfeasible":[37],"a":[39,55,62],"human":[40],"expert":[41],"manually":[43],"contour":[44],"(gold":[45],"standard)":[46],"at":[49,94],"fast":[51],"rate":[53],"linac-MR.":[56],"This":[57,245],"study":[58],"aims":[59],"develop":[61],"neural":[63],"network-based":[64],"autocontouring":[66,119,251],"algorithm":[67,153,185,232,252,271],"with":[68],"patient-specific":[69,273],"hyperparameter":[70],"optimization":[71],"(HPO)":[72],"validate":[75],"its":[76],"contouring":[77,241],"accuracy":[78,242],"using":[79,97,127],"in":[80,238],"vivo":[81],"MR":[82,90,257],"images":[83,91,144,258],"cancer":[85,110,263],"patients.":[86,111],"Two-dimensional":[87],"(2D)":[88],"intrafractional":[89,143,256],"were":[92,136,149,173,213],"acquired":[93],"4":[95],"frames/s":[96],"3":[98],"tesla":[99],"(T)":[100],"MRI":[101],"from":[102],"11":[103],"liver,":[104],"24":[105],"prostate,":[106],"12":[108],"lung":[109],"A":[112],"U-Net":[113,194],"architecture":[114],"was":[115,121,186],"applied":[116],"further":[122],"enhanced":[123],"by":[124],"implementing":[125],"HPO":[126],"Covariance":[129],"Matrix":[130],"Adaptation":[131],"Evolution":[132],"Strategy.":[133],"Six":[134],"hyperparameters":[135],"optimized":[137],"each":[139],"patient,":[140],"which":[142],"experts\u2019":[146],"manual":[147,177],"contours":[148,178],"input":[150],"into":[151],"find":[155],"optimal":[157],"set":[158],"hyperparameters.":[160],"For":[161,197],"evaluation,":[162],"Dice\u2019s":[163],"coefficient":[164],"(DC),":[165],"centroid":[166],"displacement":[167],"(CD),":[168],"Hausdorff":[170],"distance":[171],"(HD)":[172],"computed":[174],"between":[175],"autocontours.":[180],"The":[181,269],"performance":[182,237],"benchmarked":[187],"against":[188],"two":[189,226],"standardized":[190],"autosegmentation":[191,228],"methods:":[192],"non-optimized":[193],"nnU-Net.":[196],"proposed":[199,231,270],"algorithm,":[200],"mean":[202],"(standard":[203],"deviation)":[204],"DC,":[205],"CD,":[206],"HD":[208],"47":[211],"patients":[212,264],"0.92":[214],"(0.04),":[215],"1.35":[216],"(1.03),":[217],"3.63":[219],"(2.17)":[220],"mm,":[221],"respectively.":[222],"Compared":[223],"benchmarking":[227],"methods,":[229],"achieved":[233],"best":[235],"overall":[236],"terms":[239],"speed.":[244],"work":[246],"presents":[247],"first":[249],"applicable":[253],"liver":[260],"prostate":[262],"tumor-tracked":[267],"radiotherapy.":[268],"performs":[272],"HPO,":[274],"enabling":[275],"delineation":[278],"comparable":[279],"that":[281],"experts.":[283]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
