{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408944579","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a18040190","title":"A Data-Driven Intelligent Methodology for Developing Explainable Diagnostic Model for Febrile Diseases","display_name":"A Data-Driven Intelligent Methodology for Developing Explainable Diagnostic Model for Febrile Diseases","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408944579","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a18040190"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a18040190","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a18040190","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a18040190","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093375077","display_name":"Constance Amannah","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100116408","display_name":"University of Port Harcourt","ror":"https://ror.org/005bw2d06","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100116408"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Constance Amannah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Port Harcourt 500102, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Port Harcourt 500102, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100116408"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050860658","display_name":"Kingsley Attai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2199-5049"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kingsley Friday Attai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Ritman University, Ikot Ekpene 530101, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2199-5049","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Ritman University, Ikot Ekpene 530101, Nigeria","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025675138","display_name":"Faith\u2010Michael Uzoka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2414-5349"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I870124129","display_name":"Mount Royal University","ror":"https://ror.org/04evsam41","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I870124129"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Faith-Michael Uzoka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Computing, Mount Royal University, Calgary, AB T3E 6K6, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Computing, Mount Royal University, Calgary, AB T3E 6K6, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I870124129"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050860658"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1930},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1930},"fwci":11.3093,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97915351,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"4","first_page":"190","last_page":"190"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11396","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare","score":0.9866999983787537,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11396","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare","score":0.9866999983787537,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.9830999970436096,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9814000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6122442483901978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intensive-care-medicine","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","score":0.41531866788864136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.33420610427856445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3222757875919342}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6122442483901978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.41531866788864136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.33420610427856445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3222757875919342}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/a18040190","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a18040190","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:bce81dbad8e74b1eb67da04c98839a17","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/bce81dbad8e74b1eb67da04c98839a17","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms, Vol 18, Iss 4, p 190 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a18040190","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a18040190","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2149074019","https://openalex.org/W2190781736","https://openalex.org/W2282821441","https://openalex.org/W2767118735","https://openalex.org/W2889451069","https://openalex.org/W2924231309","https://openalex.org/W2966318896","https://openalex.org/W3110815158","https://openalex.org/W3124396710","https://openalex.org/W3163400780","https://openalex.org/W3198654417","https://openalex.org/W3203874720","https://openalex.org/W4226408629","https://openalex.org/W4251922803","https://openalex.org/W4285493940","https://openalex.org/W4292158025","https://openalex.org/W4293657539","https://openalex.org/W4310035778","https://openalex.org/W4323528710","https://openalex.org/W4377970622","https://openalex.org/W4379986337","https://openalex.org/W4381661674","https://openalex.org/W4385872232","https://openalex.org/W4386370847","https://openalex.org/W4387461888","https://openalex.org/W4392188389","https://openalex.org/W4392980742","https://openalex.org/W4393620310","https://openalex.org/W4399116840","https://openalex.org/W4400113788","https://openalex.org/W4402593960","https://openalex.org/W4404187078","https://openalex.org/W4405113873","https://openalex.org/W4405724971","https://openalex.org/W6682228733","https://openalex.org/W6766919100","https://openalex.org/W6811483796","https://openalex.org/W6828391202","https://openalex.org/W6853334277","https://openalex.org/W6863910963"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W3031052312","https://openalex.org/W4389568370","https://openalex.org/W3032375762","https://openalex.org/W1995515455","https://openalex.org/W2080531066","https://openalex.org/W3108674512","https://openalex.org/W1506200166"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Febrile":[0],"diseases":[1],"such":[2,95,186],"as":[3,96,187,218],"malaria,":[4],"typhoid":[5],"fever,":[6],"tuberculosis,":[7],"and":[8,16,28,43,53,66,74,84,102,138,144,159,190,207],"HIV/AIDS":[9],"pose":[10],"significant":[11],"diagnostic":[12,37,50,118,140,224],"challenges":[13],"in":[14,55,174,226],"Low-":[15],"Middle-Income":[17],"Countries":[18],"(LMICs).":[19],"Misdiagnosis":[20],"leads":[21],"to":[22,48,72,111,122,165,180],"delayed":[23],"treatment,":[24],"increased":[25],"healthcare":[26,68,228],"costs,":[27],"higher":[29],"mortality":[30],"rates.":[31],"This":[32,215],"study":[33,216],"presents":[34],"a":[35,219],"prototype":[36,116],"framework":[38],"integrating":[39],"machine":[40],"learning":[41],"(ML)":[42],"explainable":[44],"artificial":[45],"intelligence":[46],"(XAI)":[47],"enhance":[49],"performance,":[51],"interpretability,":[52],"usability":[54,148],"resource-constrained":[56],"settings.":[57,183],"A":[58,115],"dataset":[59,188],"of":[60,192],"3914":[61],"patient":[62,135],"records":[63],"from":[64],"secondary":[65],"tertiary":[67],"facilities":[69],"was":[70,120],"used":[71],"train":[73],"validate":[75],"predictive":[76],"models,":[77],"employing":[78],"Random":[79],"Forest,":[80],"Extreme":[81],"Gradient":[82],"Boost,":[83],"Multi-Layer":[85],"Perceptron":[86],"with":[87,142,150,172],"optimized":[88],"hyperparameters.":[89],"To":[90],"ensure":[91],"transparency,":[92],"XAI":[93],"techniques":[94],"Local":[97],"Interpretable":[98],"Model-Agnostic":[99],"Explanations":[100],"(LIME)":[101],"Large":[103],"Language":[104],"Models":[105],"(LLMs)":[106],"were":[107],"integrated,":[108],"enabling":[109],"clinicians":[110],"understand":[112],"model":[113],"predictions.":[114],"mobile-based":[117],"system":[119,130,169],"developed":[121],"explore":[123],"its":[124,155],"feasibility":[125],"for":[126,177],"real-time":[127],"decision-making.":[128],"The":[129,168],"features":[131],"an":[132],"intuitive":[133],"interface,":[134],"record":[136],"management,":[137],"AI-driven":[139,223],"insights":[141],"visual":[143],"textual":[145],"explanations.":[146],"While":[147],"testing":[149],"simulated":[151],"case":[152],"studies":[153],"demonstrated":[154],"potential,":[156],"real-world":[157,213],"deployment":[158],"large-scale":[160],"clinical":[161,210],"validation":[162,211],"are":[163],"yet":[164],"be":[166],"conducted.":[167],"is":[170],"designed":[171],"scalability":[173],"mind,":[175],"allowing":[176],"future":[178],"adaptation":[179],"different":[181],"LMIC":[182],"However,":[184],"limitations":[185],"imbalance":[189],"exclusion":[191],"pediatric":[193],"data":[194],"remain.":[195],"Future":[196],"research":[197],"will":[198],"focus":[199],"on":[200],"refining":[201],"the":[202,205],"model,":[203],"expanding":[204],"dataset,":[206],"conducting":[208],"extensive":[209],"before":[212],"implementation.":[214],"serves":[217],"foundational":[220],"step":[221],"toward":[222],"tools":[225],"resource-limited":[227],"environments.":[229]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
