{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407405604","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a18020099","title":"A Levelized Multiple Workflow Heterogeneous Earliest Finish Time Allocation Model for Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) Cloud Environment","display_name":"A Levelized Multiple Workflow Heterogeneous Earliest Finish Time Allocation Model for Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) Cloud Environment","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407405604","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a18020099"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a18020099","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a18020099","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/18/2/99/pdf?version=1739199260","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/18/2/99/pdf?version=1739199260","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049712513","display_name":"Farheen Bano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1873-9121"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farheen Bano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Industrial Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Industrial Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102998507","display_name":"Faisal Ahmad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5777-7433"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132246","display_name":"Workday (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02nn1vm89","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132246"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Faisal Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Workday Inc., Pleasanton, CA 94588, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Workday Inc., Pleasanton, CA 94588, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132246"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080292778","display_name":"Mohammad Shahid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4081-5963"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I171210897","display_name":"Aligarh Muslim University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kw9gc02","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I171210897"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Shahid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Commerce, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Commerce, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171210897"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021078523","display_name":"Mahfooz Alam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0668-9796"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahfooz Alam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of MCA, G. L. Bajaj Institute of Technology and Management, Greater Noida 201306, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of MCA, G. L. Bajaj Institute of Technology and Management, Greater Noida 201306, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054180633","display_name":"Faraz Hasan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5666-3813"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885392262","display_name":"GITAM University","ror":"https://ror.org/0440p1d37","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885392262"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Faraz Hasan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (GITAM) (Deemed to be University), Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 502329, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (GITAM) (Deemed to be University), Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 502329, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885392262"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083010536","display_name":"Mohammad Sajid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8822-5332"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I171210897","display_name":"Aligarh Muslim University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kw9gc02","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I171210897"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Sajid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171210897"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080292778","https://openalex.org/A5102998507"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171210897","https://openalex.org/I4210132246"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":2.8322,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89306878,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"2","first_page":"99","last_page":"99"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10715","display_name":"Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10715","display_name":"Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11986","display_name":"Scientific Computing and Data Management","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.837419331073761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workflow","display_name":"Workflow","score":0.7387561202049255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6632194519042969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.5463533401489258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.43588393926620483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.24543297290802002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.18520116806030273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.1546327769756317}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.837419331073761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.7387561202049255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6632194519042969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.5463533401489258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.43588393926620483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.24543297290802002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.18520116806030273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.1546327769756317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/a18020099","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a18020099","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/18/2/99/pdf?version=1739199260","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:29c4fc6ae56c4b0fbfc077c5de968191","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/29c4fc6ae56c4b0fbfc077c5de968191","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms, Vol 18, Iss 2, p 99 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a18020099","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a18020099","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/18/2/99/pdf?version=1739199260","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5774274117","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"G-1561-144-1440","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322322","funder_display_name":"King Abdulaziz University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7792163140","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Scientific Research (DSR)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322322","funder_display_name":"King Abdulaziz University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322322","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4407405604.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4407405604.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":76,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W130148835","https://openalex.org/W162959397","https://openalex.org/W592685841","https://openalex.org/W606877085","https://openalex.org/W1478265973","https://openalex.org/W1562653311","https://openalex.org/W1570111175","https://openalex.org/W1603983110","https://openalex.org/W1753112717","https://openalex.org/W1936679285","https://openalex.org/W1961407660","https://openalex.org/W1964628706","https://openalex.org/W1976716439","https://openalex.org/W1987103090","https://openalex.org/W1988666305","https://openalex.org/W2010868970","https://openalex.org/W2014640665","https://openalex.org/W2023753260","https://openalex.org/W2032284732","https://openalex.org/W2035564013","https://openalex.org/W2038585497","https://openalex.org/W2078962046","https://openalex.org/W2094806030","https://openalex.org/W2097911714","https://openalex.org/W2102193964","https://openalex.org/W2106076593","https://openalex.org/W2112998751","https://openalex.org/W2124903056","https://openalex.org/W2129403399","https://openalex.org/W2136294350","https://openalex.org/W2142896443","https://openalex.org/W2144482271","https://openalex.org/W2149294210","https://openalex.org/W2150532704","https://openalex.org/W2151038512","https://openalex.org/W2155951254","https://openalex.org/W2158296221","https://openalex.org/W2159644278","https://openalex.org/W2162528252","https://openalex.org/W2164631467","https://openalex.org/W2343962288","https://openalex.org/W2521433907","https://openalex.org/W2590522532","https://openalex.org/W2758953455","https://openalex.org/W2762082597","https://openalex.org/W2767483991","https://openalex.org/W2784017215","https://openalex.org/W2791488611","https://openalex.org/W2894291803","https://openalex.org/W2921589114","https://openalex.org/W2946670790","https://openalex.org/W2947337182","https://openalex.org/W2992368529","https://openalex.org/W3027999386","https://openalex.org/W3030601576","https://openalex.org/W3037611090","https://openalex.org/W3089484604","https://openalex.org/W3095823454","https://openalex.org/W3102448834","https://openalex.org/W3123419083","https://openalex.org/W3155780194","https://openalex.org/W3173702147","https://openalex.org/W3186847651","https://openalex.org/W3214181042","https://openalex.org/W4233953647","https://openalex.org/W4244074832","https://openalex.org/W4285309574","https://openalex.org/W4289793456","https://openalex.org/W4312090459","https://openalex.org/W4313531642","https://openalex.org/W4321770566","https://openalex.org/W4376127168","https://openalex.org/W4387431622","https://openalex.org/W4391857495","https://openalex.org/W4405383993","https://openalex.org/W6652959252"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4244478748","https://openalex.org/W1981780420","https://openalex.org/W2182707996","https://openalex.org/W3150465815","https://openalex.org/W4223488648","https://openalex.org/W45233828","https://openalex.org/W2964988449"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cloud":[0],"computing,":[1,7,28],"a":[2,18,45],"superset":[3],"of":[4,10,84,148,191,200],"heterogeneous":[5,164],"distributed":[6],"allows":[8],"sharing":[9],"geographically":[11],"dispersed":[12],"resources":[13],"across":[14],"multiple":[15],"organizations":[16],"on":[17,174],"rental":[19],"basis":[20],"using":[21,235],"virtualization":[22],"as":[23,86],"per":[24,87],"demand.":[25],"In":[26,104],"cloud":[27,60],"workflow":[29,129,142],"allocation":[30,102,106],"to":[31,39,55,97,114,126,225],"achieve":[32],"the":[33,59,82,88,99,105,108,116,128,136,140,154,158,198,227,231,241],"optimum":[34],"schedule":[35],"has":[36,65,150,221],"been":[37,151,222],"reported":[38],"be":[40],"NP-hard.":[41],"This":[42],"paper":[43],"proposes":[44],"Levelized":[46],"Multiple":[47],"Workflow":[48],"Heterogeneous":[49],"Earliest":[50],"Finish":[51],"Time":[52],"(LMHEFT)":[53],"model":[54,64,134],"optimize":[56],"makespan":[57,192],"in":[58,123,161,189,230],"computing":[61],"environment.":[62],"The":[63,73,133,179],"two":[66],"phases:":[67],"task":[68,71,74,101,122],"prioritization":[69,75],"and":[70,169,177,187,194,203,209,211,240],"allocation.":[72],"phase":[76],"begins":[77],"by":[78,234],"dividing":[79],"workflows":[80],"into":[81],"number":[83,199],"partitions":[85],"level":[89,171],"attribute;":[90],"after":[91],"that,":[92],"upward":[93],"rank":[94],"is":[95,112],"employed":[96],"determine":[98],"partition-wise":[100,124],"order.":[103],"phase,":[107],"best-suited":[109],"virtual":[110,215],"machine":[111],"determined":[113],"offer":[115],"lowest":[117],"finish":[118,166],"time":[119,167],"for":[120],"each":[121],"mapping":[125],"minimize":[127],"task\u2019s":[130],"completion":[131],"time.":[132],"considers":[135],"inter-task":[137],"communication":[138],"between":[139],"cooperative":[141],"tasks.":[143],"A":[144],"comparative":[145],"performance":[146],"evaluation":[147],"LMHEFT":[149,184],"conducted":[152],"with":[153],"competitive":[155],"models":[156],"from":[157],"literature":[159],"implemented":[160],"MATLAB,":[162],"i.e.,":[163],"earliest":[165],"(HEFT)":[168],"dynamic":[170],"scheduling":[172],"(DLS),":[173],"makespan,":[175],"flowtime,":[176],"utilization.":[178],"experimental":[180],"findings":[181],"indicate":[182],"that":[183],"surpasses":[185],"HEFT":[186],"DLS":[188],"terms":[190],"15.51%":[193],"85.12%":[195],"when":[196,205,213],"varying":[197,206,214],"workflows,":[201],"41.19%":[202],"86.73%":[204],"depth":[207],"levels,":[208],"13.74%":[210],"80.24%":[212],"machines,":[216],"respectively.":[217],"Further":[218],"statistical":[219],"analysis":[220],"carried":[223],"out":[224],"confirm":[226],"hypothesis":[228],"developed":[229],"simulation":[232],"study":[233],"normality":[236],"tests,":[237,239],"homogeneity":[238],"Kruskal\u2013Wallis":[242],"test.":[243]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}