{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406222743","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a18010034","title":"Integrating Artificial Intelligence, Internet of Things, and Sensor-Based Technologies: A Systematic Review of Methodologies in Autism Spectrum Disorder Detection","display_name":"Integrating Artificial Intelligence, Internet of Things, and Sensor-Based Technologies: A Systematic Review of Methodologies in Autism Spectrum Disorder Detection","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406222743","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a18010034"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a18010034","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a18010034","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/18/1/34/pdf?version=1736414622","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/18/1/34/pdf?version=1736414622","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012476376","display_name":"Georgios Bouchouras","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0566-3615"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98805295","display_name":"University of the Aegean","ror":"https://ror.org/03zsp3p94","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98805295"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Georgios Bouchouras","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Systems Lab, Department of Cultural Technology and Communication, University of the Aegean, 81100 Mytilene, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0566-3615","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Systems Lab, Department of Cultural Technology and Communication, University of the Aegean, 81100 Mytilene, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98805295"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026253993","display_name":"Konstantinos Kotis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7838-9691"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98805295","display_name":"University of the Aegean","ror":"https://ror.org/03zsp3p94","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98805295"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Konstantinos Kotis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Systems Lab, Department of Cultural Technology and Communication, University of the Aegean, 81100 Mytilene, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7838-9691","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Systems Lab, Department of Cultural Technology and Communication, University of the Aegean, 81100 Mytilene, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98805295"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026253993"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98805295"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"fwci":9.6043,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9882904,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"1","first_page":"34","last_page":"34"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10106","display_name":"Autism Spectrum Disorder Research","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10106","display_name":"Autism Spectrum Disorder Research","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autism-spectrum-disorder","display_name":"Autism spectrum disorder","score":0.8273673057556152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5816024541854858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.5254594087600708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.5200918912887573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autism","display_name":"Autism","score":0.5032595992088318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.44395211338996887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3482465445995331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.32581377029418945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.28187257051467896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.21296003460884094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.21197593212127686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychiatry","display_name":"Psychiatry","score":0.12950760126113892}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778538070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436063","display_name":"Autism spectrum disorder","level":3,"score":0.8273673057556152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5816024541854858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.5254594087600708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.5200918912887573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205778803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38404","display_name":"Autism","level":2,"score":0.5032595992088318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.44395211338996887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3482465445995331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.32581377029418945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.28187257051467896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.21296003460884094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.21197593212127686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.12950760126113892}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/a18010034","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a18010034","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/18/1/34/pdf?version=1736414622","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:901b012a35a0410a915c14f2866d69d3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/901b012a35a0410a915c14f2866d69d3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms, Vol 18, Iss 1, p 34 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1999-4893/18/1/34/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a18010034","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a18010034","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a18010034","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/18/1/34/pdf?version=1736414622","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4406222743.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4406222743.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975879668","https://openalex.org/W1996596949","https://openalex.org/W2021830322","https://openalex.org/W2051222283","https://openalex.org/W2063835084","https://openalex.org/W2129844670","https://openalex.org/W2164551677","https://openalex.org/W2609879974","https://openalex.org/W2617404854","https://openalex.org/W2625819858","https://openalex.org/W2766421052","https://openalex.org/W2775647200","https://openalex.org/W2782785236","https://openalex.org/W2804693820","https://openalex.org/W2914077598","https://openalex.org/W2916354157","https://openalex.org/W2941871561","https://openalex.org/W2945173872","https://openalex.org/W2962879080","https://openalex.org/W2972509614","https://openalex.org/W2981885351","https://openalex.org/W3008133361","https://openalex.org/W3021309133","https://openalex.org/W3036892343","https://openalex.org/W3111166095","https://openalex.org/W3119749425","https://openalex.org/W3123554392","https://openalex.org/W3206894237","https://openalex.org/W4205846712","https://openalex.org/W4229007573","https://openalex.org/W4283386054","https://openalex.org/W4312281375","https://openalex.org/W4321106737","https://openalex.org/W4366191179","https://openalex.org/W4386014399","https://openalex.org/W4386546041","https://openalex.org/W4387801211","https://openalex.org/W4388019035","https://openalex.org/W4390576511","https://openalex.org/W4391035860","https://openalex.org/W4391680631","https://openalex.org/W4392516589","https://openalex.org/W4399932639","https://openalex.org/W4401555602","https://openalex.org/W4402565723","https://openalex.org/W4403913191","https://openalex.org/W4404214400","https://openalex.org/W4404279483","https://openalex.org/W4404283739","https://openalex.org/W4404851710","https://openalex.org/W6762552011","https://openalex.org/W6874797861"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4280602684","https://openalex.org/W4310092953","https://openalex.org/W2227393071","https://openalex.org/W4402326599","https://openalex.org/W1995350144","https://openalex.org/W2082102603","https://openalex.org/W2166141227","https://openalex.org/W3133980636","https://openalex.org/W4378085486","https://openalex.org/W4366602711"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,75],"systematic":[4],"review":[5,131],"of":[6,10,15,24,31,53,106,135],"the":[7,22,103,133,143],"emerging":[8],"applications":[9],"artificial":[11],"intelligence":[12],"(AI),":[13],"Internet":[14],"Things":[16],"(IoT),":[17],"and":[18,44,70,98,109,116,147],"sensor-based":[19,110],"technologies":[20,33,59,86],"in":[21,39,113,137],"diagnosis":[23],"autism":[25],"spectrum":[26],"disorder":[27],"(ASD).":[28],"The":[29,81,100],"integration":[30],"these":[32,85],"has":[34],"led":[35],"to":[36,74,78],"promising":[37],"advances":[38],"identifying":[40],"unique":[41],"behavioral,":[42],"physiological,":[43],"neuroanatomical":[45],"markers":[46],"associated":[47],"with":[48],"ASD.":[49],"Through":[50],"an":[51],"examination":[52],"recent":[54],"studies,":[55],"we":[56],"explore":[57],"how":[58,84],"such":[60],"as":[61],"wearable":[62],"sensors,":[63],"eye-tracking":[64],"systems,":[65],"virtual":[66],"reality":[67],"environments,":[68],"neuroimaging,":[69],"microbiome":[71],"analysis":[72,82],"contribute":[73],"holistic":[76],"approach":[77],"ASD":[79,118,139],"diagnostics.":[80],"reveals":[83],"facilitate":[87],"non-invasive,":[88],"real-time":[89],"assessments":[90],"across":[91],"diverse":[92],"settings,":[93],"enhancing":[94],"both":[95],"diagnostic":[96,140],"accuracy":[97],"accessibility.":[99],"findings":[101],"underscore":[102],"transformative":[104],"potential":[105],"AI,":[107],"IoT,":[108],"driven":[111],"tools":[112],"providing":[114],"personalized":[115],"continuous":[117],"detection,":[119],"advocating":[120],"for":[121,145],"data-driven":[122],"approaches":[123],"that":[124],"extend":[125],"beyond":[126],"traditional":[127],"methodologies.":[128],"Ultimately,":[129],"this":[130],"emphasizes":[132],"role":[134],"technology":[136],"improving":[138],"processes,":[141],"paving":[142],"way":[144],"targeted":[146],"individualized":[148],"assessments.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":19}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}