{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406035630","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a18010017","title":"Fingerprinting Indoor Positioning Based on Improved Sequential Deep Learning","display_name":"Fingerprinting Indoor Positioning Based on Improved Sequential Deep Learning","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406035630","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a18010017"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a18010017","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a18010017","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/18/1/17/pdf?version=1735891027","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/18/1/17/pdf?version=1735891027","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115758122","display_name":"Dongfang Mao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799321762","display_name":"WuXi AppTec (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/04eh3ca90","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799321762"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132399","display_name":"Wuxi Vocational Institute of Commerce","ror":"https://ror.org/03bdrtb23","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132399"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongfang Mao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Automation & College of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China","Jiangsu Vocational College of Information Technology, Wuxi 214153, China","Wuxi Realid Technology Co., Ltd., Wuxi 214135, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Automation & College of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Vocational College of Information Technology, Wuxi 214153, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132399"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuxi Realid Technology Co., Ltd., Wuxi 214135, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799321762"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089571937","display_name":"Haojie Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1412-1243"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111599522","display_name":"Jiangnan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mkzax54","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111599522"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Haojie Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of IoT Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of IoT Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111599522"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050096545","display_name":"Xuyang Lou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7499-1308"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111599522","display_name":"Jiangnan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mkzax54","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111599522"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuyang Lou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of IoT Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of IoT Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111599522"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089571937"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111599522"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":3.9086,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92468087,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"1","first_page":"17","last_page":"17"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9879999756813049,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8360899686813354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indoor-positioning-system","display_name":"Indoor positioning system","score":0.6698135733604431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.605112612247467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5839760303497314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.49989771842956543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4732523560523987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.39355480670928955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.36932373046875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.35463276505470276}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8360899686813354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777486483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6026477","display_name":"Indoor positioning system","level":3,"score":0.6698135733604431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.605112612247467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5839760303497314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.49989771842956543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4732523560523987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.39355480670928955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.36932373046875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.35463276505470276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89805583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192940","display_name":"Accelerometer","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/a18010017","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a18010017","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/18/1/17/pdf?version=1735891027","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e13a47af0d534b22ae2d4a87af84eda1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e13a47af0d534b22ae2d4a87af84eda1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms, Vol 18, Iss 1, p 17 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1999-4893/18/1/17/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a18010017","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/a18010017","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/a18010017","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/18/1/17/pdf?version=1735891027","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190629608","display_name":"Algorithms","issn_l":"1999-4893","issn":["1999-4893"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7300000190734863,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4406035630.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4406035630.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1526572160","https://openalex.org/W1630879738","https://openalex.org/W2046128567","https://openalex.org/W2065928551","https://openalex.org/W2104866265","https://openalex.org/W2173462126","https://openalex.org/W2278572312","https://openalex.org/W2341433667","https://openalex.org/W2342827161","https://openalex.org/W2460055519","https://openalex.org/W2513853720","https://openalex.org/W2595547504","https://openalex.org/W2607595839","https://openalex.org/W2898334231","https://openalex.org/W2901566077","https://openalex.org/W2964029185","https://openalex.org/W3000029267","https://openalex.org/W3008702594","https://openalex.org/W3067373627","https://openalex.org/W3116792877","https://openalex.org/W3117721915","https://openalex.org/W3165528186","https://openalex.org/W3213439509","https://openalex.org/W4200424595","https://openalex.org/W4214559167","https://openalex.org/W4221133318","https://openalex.org/W4296982339","https://openalex.org/W4323354135","https://openalex.org/W4375854123","https://openalex.org/W4377024578","https://openalex.org/W4387400360","https://openalex.org/W4388761428","https://openalex.org/W4394698465","https://openalex.org/W4399038027","https://openalex.org/W4399767794","https://openalex.org/W4400977150","https://openalex.org/W4402125799","https://openalex.org/W6868936049","https://openalex.org/W6870086846"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4380075502","https://openalex.org/W4393150235","https://openalex.org/W3215701547","https://openalex.org/W2164872011","https://openalex.org/W4376852316","https://openalex.org/W1981992318","https://openalex.org/W2897543287","https://openalex.org/W2754522657","https://openalex.org/W2061234303","https://openalex.org/W4321269772"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accurate":[0],"indoor":[1,25,127,143],"positioning":[2,26,106],"is":[3],"essential":[4],"for":[5,134],"many":[6],"applications.":[7],"However,":[8],"current":[9],"methods":[10],"often":[11],"fall":[12],"short":[13],"in":[14,125],"complex":[15,126],"environments":[16],"due":[17],"to":[18,35,45,71,92,108],"signal":[19],"fluctuations.":[20],"We":[21],"propose":[22],"a":[23,61],"new":[24],"approach,":[27],"that":[28],"is,":[29],"improved":[30],"sequential":[31,42,114],"deep":[32,62],"learning":[33],"(ISDL),":[34],"address":[36],"this":[37],"issue.":[38],"First,":[39],"we":[40,59,78,96,121],"apply":[41],"classification":[43,115],"algorithms":[44],"progressively":[46],"narrow":[47],"the":[48,73,83,104,117],"search":[49],"space,":[50],"reducing":[51],"potential":[52],"location":[53,75],"regions":[54],"into":[55],"smaller":[56],"neighborhoods.":[57],"Next,":[58],"combine":[60],"neural":[63],"network":[64],"(DNN)":[65],"with":[66],"Weighted":[67],"K-Nearest":[68],"Neighbors":[69],"(WKNN)":[70],"refine":[72],"final":[74],"prediction.":[76],"Then,":[77],"validate":[79],"our":[80],"method":[81],"using":[82],"publicly":[84],"available":[85],"UJIndoorLoc":[86],"dataset,":[87],"demonstrating":[88],"superior":[89],"accuracy":[90,101],"compared":[91],"existing":[93],"methods.":[94],"Specifically,":[95],"achieved":[97],"95%":[98],"floor":[99],"prediction":[100],"and":[102,116,138],"reduced":[103],"average":[105],"error":[107],"just":[109],"7.82":[110],"m.":[111],"By":[112],"combining":[113],"DNN-WKNN":[118],"hybrid":[119],"model,":[120],"achieve":[122],"better":[123],"localization":[124],"environments.":[128],"This":[129],"system":[130],"offers":[131],"practical":[132],"improvements":[133],"real-time":[135],"location-based":[136],"services":[137],"other":[139],"applications":[140],"requiring":[141],"precise":[142],"positioning.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-13T14:20:09.374765","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
